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Role of quorum sensing in bacterial infections

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第7期3卷 575-598页

作者： Israel Castillo-Juárez Toshinari Maeda Edna Ayerim Mandujano-Tinoco María Tomás Berenice Pérez-Eretza Silvia Julieta García-contreras Thomas K Wood Rodolfo García-contreras Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo Department of Biological Functions and Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Epigenetics of Cancer Laboratory Division of Basic ResearchNational Institute of Genomic Medicine Department of Microbiology Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña(INIBIC)Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña(CHUAC)SergasUniversidade da Coruña(UDC)15006 A CoruñaSpain Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro Médico Coyoacán Department of Chemical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park

Quorum sensing(QS) is cell communication that is widely used by bacterial pathogens to coordinate the expression of several collective traits, including the production of multiple virulence factors, biofilm formation, and swarming motility once a population threshold is reached. Several lines of evidence indicate that QS enhances virulence of bacterial pathogens in animal models as well as in human infections; however, its relative importance for bacterial pathogenesis is still incomplete. In this review, we discuss the present evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments in animal models, as well as from clinical studies, that link QS systems with human infections. We focus on two major QS bacterial models, the opportunistic Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, which are also two of the main agents responsible of nosocomial and wound infections. In addition, QS communication systems in other bacterial, eukaryotic pathogens, and even immune and cancer cells are also reviewed, and finally, the new approaches proposed to combat bacterial infections by the attenuation of their QS communication systems and virulence are also discussed.

关键词： Quorum sensing Virulence Infections Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Animal models

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Gallstone ileus,clinical presentation,diagnostic and treatment approach

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2016年第1期8卷 65-76页

作者： carlos m nuno-guzmán maría eugenia marín-contreras mauricio figueroa-sánchez jorge l corona department of general surgery hospital civil de guadalajara"fray antonio alcalde"Guadalajara CP 44280JaliscoMéxico department of general surgery unidad médica de alta especialidadhospital de especialidades del centro médico nacional de occidenteinstituto mexicano del seguro socialGuadalajara CP 44340JaliscoMéxico department of gastrointestinal endoscopy unidad médica de alta especialidadhospital de especialidades del centro médico nacional de occidenteinstituto mexicano del seguro socialGuadalajara CP 44340JaliscoMéxico department of radiology hospital civil de guadalajara"fray antonio alcalde"Guadalajara CP 44280JaliscoMéxico

Gallstone ileus is a mechanical intestinal obstruction due to gallstone impaction within the gastrointestinal tract. Less than 1% of cases of intestinal obstruction are derived from this etiology. The symptoms and signs of gallstone ileus are mostly nonspecific. This entity has been observed with a higher frequency among the elderly, the majority of which have concomitant medical illness. Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic diseases should be considered as they may affect the prognosis. Surgical relief of gastrointestinal obstruction remains the mainstay of operative treatment. The current surgical procedures are:(1) simple enterolithotomy;(2) enterolithotomy, cholecystectomy and fistula closure(one-stage procedure); and(3) enterolithotomy with cholecystectomy performed later(two-stage procedure). Bowel resection is necessary in certain cases after enterolithotomy is performed. Large prospective laparoscopic and endoscopic trials are expected.

关键词： Intestinal obstruction Bouveret's syndrome Laparoscopic surgery Endoscopic treatment Gallstoneileus

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Effect of Light on Stability of Anthocyanins in Ethanolic Extracts of Rubus fruticosus

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第6期5卷 488-494页

作者： Elizabeth contreras-Lopez Araceli Castaneda-Ovando Luis Guillermo González-Olivares Javier Anorve-Morga Judith Jaimez-Ordaz Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo Academic Area of Chemistry Pachuca Mexico

Blackberry (Rubus fructicosus) is one of the fruit with the highest concentration of anthocyanins;however, its use is limited for making jams, jellies and liqueur, and recently, fruit concentrates in combination with pomegranate, blueberry and grape. One of the main problems with these pigments is their poor stability in solution, mainly in beverages as liqueur and juices, which depends on factors such as chemical structure, pH, temperature, light, water activity, and presence of oxygen. The effect of light on total monomeric anthocyanins content as well as the degradation rates and browning of two blackberry ethanolic extracts is to establish the conditions for storage of liqueur without adding artificial food coloring. The initial content of anthocyanins on extract without storage was 106 mg?l-1. The study assessed the light irradiation effect on the anthocyanins of blackberry ethanolic extract. The anthocyanins degradation followed the second order reaction kinetics with respect to illuminance of the light source. The t1/2 value at high illuminance (3968.30 lx) was 28.20 hours.

关键词： Blackberry Light Anthocyanins Stability Ethanolic Extracts

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全球标准战:北美、欧洲和亚洲的专利与竞争纠纷

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竞争法律与政策评论 2018年第1期 101-130页

作者： Jorge L.contreras 田梦驰(译) 犹他大学上海交通大学凯原法学院

在过去的几十年中,对于涵盖技术标准的专利,其实施和许可纠纷的数量有所增长。此类争端已然具有全球化的特征,经常涉及北美、欧洲和亚洲的诉讼。在世界各地的诉讼中,尽管许多当事人是相同的,但是对于案件中的一些争议问题,不同司法辖区... 详细信息

在过去的几十年中,对于涵盖技术标准的专利,其实施和许可纠纷的数量有所增长。此类争端已然具有全球化的特征,经常涉及北美、欧洲和亚洲的诉讼。在世界各地的诉讼中,尽管许多当事人是相同的,但是对于案件中的一些争议问题,不同司法辖区的法院和政府部门已经开始采取不同的应对方法。由此,虽然各地存在趋同,但是各国的国内法对一些重要争议问题的规定仍然有所不同,这些问题包括:负有FRAND承诺的标准必要专利禁令救济的获取、FRAND许可费的合理计算方法、违反FRAND承诺的竞争影响以及FRAND无歧视义务的边界。因此,至少在实现更大程度的国际协调之前,经营全球性业务的公司必须特别适应这一领域不断发展变化的法律环境。本文就近期世界各地关于技术互通性标准所必需的专利在获取、实施和许可方面出现的争议进行简要概述。作为介绍性文章,本文仅涵盖众多复杂且有争议的问题中比较突出的部分。若要获取关于该主题更为详尽的论述,可参阅附录部分所列的参考文献。

关键词：许可费禁令救济专利权人 SEP 滥用市场支配地位当事人损害赔偿金自上而下分析法执法机构被许可人得克萨斯

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联邦制森林治理:分权管理经验和潜在影响

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林业经济 2008年第1期 69-76页

作者： Hans M. Gregersen Arnoldo contreras-Hermosilla Andy White Lauren Philips 王春峰美国密歇根州立大学经济、管理和计划政策学院

80%以上的发展中国家和经济转轨国家正在进行着某种形式的分权试验。以11个国家（拥有全球森林总量60%以上）为例,简要描述了实施联邦制的主要林业国家当前的森林行政管理类型以及施政形式,认为分权后强化了跨部门联系的重要性,许多政... 详细信息

80%以上的发展中国家和经济转轨国家正在进行着某种形式的分权试验。以11个国家（拥有全球森林总量60%以上）为例,简要描述了实施联邦制的主要林业国家当前的森林行政管理类型以及施政形式,认为分权后强化了跨部门联系的重要性,许多政府机构都介入了有关森林资源的各项决策;有效的森林治理取决于各种管理机构的能力;私营部门和民间组织在成功治理各种森林资源中也发挥着重要作用。从11国经验中分析了各种潜在优势、潜在危险,指出分权管理减少了中央政府的官僚和决策障碍,但会使全国性的政策协调、实施和监督变得困难。

关键词：森林治理分权经验潜在影响总体回顾

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A dual positional specific lipoxygenase functions in the generation of flavor compounds during climacteric ripening of apple

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 280-292页

作者： Doreen Schiller Carolina contreras Jörg Vogt Frank Dunemann Bruno G Defilippi Randolph Beaudry Wilfried Schwab Biotechnology of Natural Products Technische Universität MünchenLiesel-Beckmann-Str.1D-85354 FreisingGermany Department of Horticulture Michigan State University1066 Bogue StreetEast LansingMI 48824USA Julius Kühn-Institut(JKI)–Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit CropsPillnitzer Platz 3aD-01326 DresdenGermany Julius Kühn-Institut(JKI)–Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural CropsErwin-Baur-Str.27D-06484 QuedlinburgGermany INIA La Platina PO Box 439-9SantiagoChile

Lipoxygenase(LOX)is an important contributor to the formation of aroma-active C6 aldehydes in apple(Malus×domestica)fruit upon tissue disruption but little is known about its role in autonomously produced aroma volatiles from intact *** explored the expression of 22 putative LOX genes in apple throughout ripening,but only six LOXs were expressed in a ripening-dependent *** LOX1:Md:1a,LOX1:Md:1c,LOX2:Md:2a and LOX2:Md:2b proteins showed 13/9-LOX,9-LOX,13/9-LOX and 13-LOX activity with linoleic acid,*** products of LOX1:Md:1c and LOX2:Md:2b were S-configured,LOX1:Md:1a and LOX2:Md:2a formed 13(R)-hydroperoxides as major ***-directed mutagenesis of Gly567 to an alanine converted the dual positional specific LOX1:Md:1a to an enzyme with a high specificity for 9(S)-hydroperoxide *** high expression level of the corresponding MdLOX1a gene in stored apple fruit,the genetic association with a quantitative trait locus for fruit ester and the remarkable agreement in regio-and stereoselectivity of the LOX1:Md:1a reaction with the overall LOX activity found in mature apple fruits,suggest a major physiological function of LOX1:Md:1a during climacteric ripening of *** LOX1:Md:1c,LOX2:Md:2a and LOX2:Md:2b may contribute to aldehyde production in immature fruit upon cell disruption our results furnish additional evidence that LOX1:Md:1a probably regulates the availability of precursors for ester production in intact fruit tissue.

关键词： specific autonomous probably

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International narcotics control

International narcotics control

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1000年

作者： Fraco L. Trujillo and Tina R. contreras editors.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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贫穷的国家VS富裕的公武

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财经文摘 2008年第2期 63-67页

作者： Joseph contreras Quindien Krovatin 高雅（编译）

跨国公司在贫穷国家的增长，远远快于西方的竞争对手。这标志着财富和权力的一个重大转变。

关键词：富裕贫穷国家跨国公司竞争对手财富

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Root colonization by mycorrhizal INIFAP<sup>MR</sup>in barley seed treated with fungicide

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 738-743页

作者： Oscar A. Grageda-Cabrera Sarahyt S. González-Figueroa Mónica Guadalupe Lozano-contreras Arturo Díaz-Franco Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Campo Experimental Bajío Celaya México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Campo experimental Mocochá Yucatán México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Campo experimental Río Bravo Rio Bravo México

The effect of barley seed treated with chlorothalonil fungicide on mycorrhizal root colonization was evaluated. The treatments were: 1) Seed with Mycorrhizal INIFAP?, one, two and three doses, and uninoculated seed;2) Seed with and without fungicide. Monthly seed plantings were performed with different storage time, looking forward to assessing the colonization degree of the roots. As revealed by the results, the seed treated with chlorothalonil did not lower the root colonization by Mycorrhizal INIFAP?;the chlorothalonil treatment had a 32.63% average root colonization, whereas without chlorothalonil, it was 36.46%. When the seed was treated with root colonization by Mycorrhizal INIFAP?, this was lower in the treatment with one dose;no significant difference was revealed by the treatments with either double or triple doses.?The colonization percentage was progressively decreased by seed storage. The root colonization by Mycorrhizal INIFAP?, throughout the inoculated seed storage time, remained constant and unchanged for the first six months, but then decreased in 50% within a 10-month period for both treated and not treated fungicide seed.

关键词： Chlorothalonil Hordeum vulgare Rhizophagus intraradices

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In the monarch butterfly the juvenile hormone effect upon immune response depends on the immune marker and is sex dependent

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第1期3卷 53-58页

作者： Guadalupe Villanueva Humberto Lanz-Mendoza Salvador Hernandez-Martinez Minerva Sanchez Zavaleta Javier Manjarrez Jose Mcontreras-Garduno Jorge contreras-Garduno Center of Research in Biotic Resources Autonomous University of Mexico StateTolucaMexico Center of Research in Infectious Diseases National Institute of Public HealthCuernavacaMexico Institute of Ecology National Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico Department of Biology University of GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMexico

In insects, juvenile hormone (JH) decreases or has any effect upon the phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and favors or decreases the Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) expression. Although there is no information about the differential effect of such hormone, two possibilities are that it depends on (a) the immune marker recorded and (b) sexual differences. Here, three commonly used immune markers, Phenoloxidase (PO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and lytic activity, were measured 3, 6 and 24 hours after administration of methoprene (JHa, an analog of juvenile hormone) in male and female monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). At 3 and 6 h post-JHa administration, the PO activity increased in females but it only increased at 3 h in males, whereas H2O2 levels increased only in females at 3 h. For the remaining times the JHa had a null effect on POand H2O2. On the other hand, the JHa had a null effect for lytic activity in both sexes at 3, 6 and 24 h. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a positive effect of a JHa onPOand H2O2 and suggests that this effect is sex dependent.

关键词： Immune Response Life History Juvenile Hormone Reproductive Diapause Nitric Oxide

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