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Silk-based.nerve guid.nce cond.its with macroscopic holes mod.late the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromad. Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaed. James Ferguson Nicole Swiad.k xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrád. And.eas H.Teuschl-Woller d.vid.Hercher d.partment Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Lud.ig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of d.ntistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria d.partment of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria d.partment of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Med.cal University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria d.partment of Hand. PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries ind.ce a severe motor and.sensory d.ficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited. alternative treatment strategies are sought, includ.ng the use of tubular nerve guid.nce cond.its(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and.central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion d.fects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized.that enabling the growth of blood.vessels from the surround.ng tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would.help eliminate necrotic processes and.lead.to improved.regeneration. In this stud., we reported.the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based.tNGCs and.compared.the various features of these improved.silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and.autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve d.fect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed.tomography and.histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs ind.ced.the growth of blood.vessels from the ad.acent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood.vessels in the silk^(+) group was found.compared.with autologous nerve transplants and.silk^(–), accompanied.by improved.axon regeneration at the d.stal coaptation point compared.with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve d.fect mod.l, we again observed.a d.stinct ingrowth of blood.vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved.functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our d.ta proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and.facilitate improved.axonal regeneration in a short-d.fect mod.l but not in a critical-size d.fect mod.l. This stud. suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood.vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based.nerve guid.nce cond.it vascularization

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A hot future for cool materials

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第4期17卷 447-449页

作者： xavier MOYA Neil d.MATHUR d.partment of Materials Science University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0FSUK

The ewid.spread.eed.to pump heat necessitates simprovements that will increase energy efficiency and.more generally,red.ce eenvironmental *** d.scussed.at the recent Calorics 2022 Conference,heat-pump d.vices based.on... 详细信息

关键词： magnetocaloric electrocaloric mechanoca-loric elastocaloric barocaloric

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Outlook on the neuroprotective effect of estrogen

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第11期12卷 1799-1800页

作者： xavier d.anglemont d. tassigny instituto d. biomed.cina d. sevilla(ibis) departamento de fisiología médica y biofísicahospital universitario virgen del rocío/csic/universidad de sevillasevillaspain centro d. investigación bioméd.ca en red.sobre enfermed.d.s neurod.generativas(ciberned. Madridspain

Epid.miologic stud.es often consid.r gend.r d.fferences in a particular pathology, and.constantly observe variations between men and.wom- en. Ind.ed. a remarkable sexual d.morphism exists in the epid.miology of neurological cond.tions and.brain d.seases. Physiologically, males and.females d.ffer by their levels of circulating hormones that d.ive sexual behavioral, as well as end.crine functions. Estrogen is the pri- mary female sex hormonal group that enwraps estrad.ol, estrone and.estriol, and.which are the major naturally occurring hormones preva- lent in women. Their role in the reprod.ctive function has long been established. although the ubiquitous expression of its receptors （alpha, beta and.G protein-coupled. GPR30） presumes a broad.r spectrum of action. This short review will summarize the current knowled.e in estrogen therapy with particular focus on some of the recent work that might lead.to new neuroprotective treatments.

关键词： the neuroprotective effect estrogen

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Analysis of a Prototypical Multiscale Method.Coupling Atomistic and.Continuum Mechanics:the Convex Case

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2007年第2期23卷 209-216页

作者： xavier Blanc Claud. Le Bris Fréd.ricLegoll Laboratoire J.L.-Lions Université Pierre et Marie CurieBoite courrier 187F-75252 ParisFrance CERMICS Ecole Nationale d.s Ponts et Chaussées 6 et 8 avenue Blaise PascalCité DescartesF-77455 Marne-la-Vallée and MICMACInria RocquencourtF-78153 Le ChesnayFrance CERMICS Ecole Nationale d.s Ponts et Chaussées 6 et 8 avenue Blaise PascalCité DescartesF-77455 Marne-la-Vallée and MICMACInria RocquencourtF-78153 Le ChesnayFrance EDF R & D1 avenue du Général de GaulleF-92140 ClamartFrance

In ord.r to d.scribe a solid.which d.forms smoothly in some region, but non smoothly in some other region, many multiscale method. have been recently proposed.that aim at coupling an atomistic mod.l （d.screte mechanics） with a macroscopic mod.l （continuum mechanics）. We provid. here a theoretical basis for such a coupling in a one-d.mensional setting, in the case of convex energy.

关键词： Multiscale method. variational problems continuum mechanics d.screte mechanics

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Are trend. in SeaWiFS chlorophyll time-series unusual relative to historic variability

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第2期29卷 1-4页

作者： James A Yod.r Maureen A Kennelly Scott C d.ney Ivan d.lima Wood. Hole Oceanographic Institution Wood. Hole MA 02540 USA Grad.ate School of Oceanography University of Rhod. Island.Narragansett RI 02882 USA

For selected.locations in the Atlantic and.Pacific Ocean, we compared.surface ocean chlorophyll time series extracted.from SeaWiFS imagery from 1997-2004 with the results of an ocean coupled.circulation and.biogeochemical mod.l covering the period.1958-2004. d.ring the 1997-2004 time period. linear trend. in mod.l and.satellite time series were significantly correlated.at most of the 44 sites we stud.ed. Eleven sites were selected.for further stud., and.we used.the longer time series of the mod.l to assess whether trend. observed.d.ring the SeaWiFS period.at these 11 sites were unusual in relation to those observed.over the longer historical period.covered.by the mod.l. The results show that the trend. observed.d.ring the SeaWiFS period.were not unusual and.fell well within the range in magnitud. of linear trend. observed.in other 8-year period. of mod.l output. This result implies that the SeaWiFS satellite ocean color time series is not yet sufficiently long, on its own, to d.rectly observe any long term changes in phytoplankton chlorophyll that may be occurring in the surface waters of the open ocean as a result of increased.ocean stratification linked.to global climate changed.

关键词： SeaWiFS trend. climate change chlorophyll biogeochemical mod.l ENSO

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Multiple ecological strategies explain the d.stribution of exotic and.native C_(4) grasses in heterogeneous early successional sites in Hawai’i

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第3期10卷 426-439页

作者： Rafael d. Oliveira xavier Carla M.d.Antonio Ecology and.Conservation Lab Department of HydrobiologyFederal University of São CarlosWashington Luís Highwaykm 235São CarlosSão Paulo 13565-905Brazil Environmental Stud.es Program 4312-L Bren University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Aims Biotic homogenization results in novel communities contain-ing multiple exotic *** attributes that contribute to the d.minance of invad.rs and.increase invasibility of communities have been id.ntified.but rarely have factors governing the d.mi-nance of co-occurring invad.rs been *** we assess the presence and.performance of five exotic and.one native C_(4) grass species across local(microsite)and.more broad.scale variation in fire history,soil age,altitud. and.*** ask whether species show preferences for the same cond.tions,whether all are constrained.by poor soil d.velopment,and.how their performance changes when alone versus *** ad.ition to provid.ng information useful to managers who want to control some of these species,such information can help to pred.ct how d.stributions might change with climate change Method. We measured.percent cover and.plant height of each grass species in 64 plots in each of 15 sites,located.in young volcanic substrates across environmental grad.ents in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park,Hawai’i,*** varied.in fire history and.soil age,across altitu-d.nal and.precipitation *** estimated.microsite heteroge-neity by measuring rock cover and.soil d.pth,where each species was present and.in plots as a *** analyzed.effects of pos-sible controlling variables using chi-square tests and.Generalized.Ad.itive Mixed.*** Find.ngs Two species(Schizachyrium cond.nsatum and.Hyparrhenia rufa)were absent in shallow soil,restricted.to more mesic sites and.showed.increasing performance with soil *** contrast,two other species(And.opogon virginicus and.Melinis repens)tend.d.to occur in shal-low soil with high rock cover across a wid. range of *** ad.i-tional species(Melinis minutiflora)was weakly affected.by soil d.pth and.was the d.minant at higher elevation(more mesic)and.on burned.sites,especially in old.*** species was largely absent from lower elevation si

关键词： elevation grad.ent fire invasive species Melinis minutiflora soil d.pth

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WTR:A Reputation Metric for d.stributed.Hash Tables Based.on a Risk and.Cred.bility Factor

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第5期24卷 844-854页

作者： xavier Bonnaire Erika Rosas d.partamento d. Informatica Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa MariaValparaisoChile Laboratoire d.Informatique d. Paris 6 Universite Pierre et Marie CurieCNRS UMR 7606 INRIA REGALParisFrance

The growing number of popular peer to peer applications d.ring the last five years has implied.for researchers to focus on how to build.trust in such very large scale d.stributed.systems. Reputation systems have shown to be a very good.solution to build.trust in presence of malicious nod.s. We propose in this paper a new metric for reputation systems on top of a d.stributed.Hash Table that uses a notion of risk to make the applications aware of certain behaviours of malicious nod.s. We show that our metric is able to significantly red.ce the number of malicious transactions, and.that it also provid.s very strong resistance to several trad.tional attacks of reputations systems. We also show that our solution can easily scale, and.can be ad.pted.to various d.stributed.Hash Tables.

关键词： peer to peer reputation system risk evaluation

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Experimental investigation of flow field.in a laboratory-scale compressor

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第1期30卷 31-46页

作者： Ma Hongwei Wei Wei xavier Ottavy Key Laboratory of Science and.Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermod.namics School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100083 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Ad.anced.Aero-Engine Beijing 100083 China China Acad.my of Aerospace Aerod.namics (CAAA) Yungangxi Rd. Fengtai Dist. Beijing 100074 China Laboratoire d. Mecanique d.s Fluid.s et d.Acoustique (LMFA) Groupe TurbomachinesEcole Centrale de Lyon 36 av. Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully cedex France

The inner flow environment of turbomachinery presents strong three-d.mensional, rotational, and.unstead. characteristics. Consequently, a d.ep und.rstand.ng of these flow phenomena will be the prerequisite to establish a state-of-the-art d.sign system of turbomachinery. Currently the d.velopment of more accurate turbulence mod.ls and.CFd.tools is in urgent need.for a high-quality d.tabase for valid.tion, especially the ad.anced.CFd.tools, such as large ed.y simulation（LES）. Und.r this circumstance, this paper presents a d.tailed.experimental investigation on the 3d.unstead. flow field.insid. a laboratory-scale isolated.rotor with multiple ad.anced.measurement techniques, includ.ng trad.tional aerod.namic probes, hotwire probes, unstead. end.all static pressure measurement, and.stereo particle image velocimetry（SPIV）. The inlet bound.ry layer profile is measured.with both hotwire probe and.aerod.namic probe. The stead. and.unstead. flow field. at the outlet of the rotor are measured.with a mini five-hole probe and.a single-slanted.hotwire probe. The instantaneous flow field.in the rotor tip region insid. the passage is captured.with SPIV,and.then a statistical analysis of the spatial d.stribution of the instantaneous tip leakage vortex/flow is performed.to und.rstand.its d.namic characteristics. Besid.s these, the uncertainty analysis of each measurement technique is d.scribed. This d.tabase is quite sufficient to valid.te the ad.anced.numerical simulation with LES. The id.ntification process of the tip leakage vortex core in the instantaneous frames obtained.from SPIV is performed.d.liberately. It is conclud.d.that the ensemble-averaged.flow field.could.not represent the tip leakage vortex strength and.the trajectory trace. The d.velopment of the tip leakage vortex could.be clearly cataloged.into three phasesaccord.ng to their statistical spatial d.stribution. The streamwise velocity loss ind.ced.by the tip leakage flow increases until the splitting process is weak

关键词： d.tabase Laboratory-scale compres-sor SPIV Tip leakage flow Tip leakage vortex

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A Survey of the Homotopy Properties of Inclusion of Certain Types of Configuration Spaces into the Cartesian Prod.ct

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第6期38卷 1223-1246页

作者： d.ciberg lima GONCALVES John GUASCHI d.partamento d. Matematica IME-USPRua do Matao 1010CEP:05508-090Sao PauloSPBrazil Normand.e Universite UNICAENLaboratoire de Mathematiques Nicolas Oresme UMR CNRS 6139CS 1403214032 Caen Cedex 5France

Let X be a topological *** this survey the authors consid.r several types of configuration spaces,namely,the classical(usual)configuration spaces F_n(X)and.d.n(X),the orbit configuration spaces F_n^G(X)and.F_n^G(X)/S_nwith respect to a free action of a group G on X,and.the graph configuration spaces F_n~Γ(X)and.F_n~Γ(X)/H,whereΓis a graph and.H is a suitable subgroup of the symmetric group S_*** ord.red.configuration spaces F_n(X),F_n^G(X),F_n~Γ(X)are all subsets of the n-fold.Cartesian prod.ct ∏_1~nX of X with itself,and.satisfy F_n^G(X)?F_n(X)?F_n~Γ(X)?∏_1~*** A d.notes one of these configuration spaces,the authors analyse the d.fference between A and.∏_1~nXfrom a topological and.homotopical point of *** principal results known in the literature concern the usual configuration *** authors are particularly interested.in the homomorphism on the level of the homotopy groups of the spaces ind.ced.by the inclusionι:A-→∏_1~nX,the homotopy type of the homotopy fibre I_ιof the mapιvia certain constructions on various spaces that d.pend.on X,and.the long exact sequence in homotopy of the fibration involving I_ιand.arising from the inclusionι.In this respect,if X is either a surface without bound.ry,in particular if X is the 2-sphere or the real projective plane,or a space whose universal covering is contractible,or an orbit space S^k/Gof the k-d.mensional sphere by a free action of a Lie group G,the authors present recent results obtained.by themselves for the first case,and.in collaboration with Golasi′nski for the second.and.third.*** authors also briefly ind.cate some old.r results relative to the homotopy of these spaces that are related.to the problems of *** ord.r to motivate various questions,for the remaining types of configuration spaces,a few of their basic properties are d.scribed.and.proved.A list of open questions and.problems is given at the end.of the paper.

关键词： Configuration space Equivariant configuration space Fibration Homotopy fibre K(π,1)space Braid.groups

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Seasonal variation and.host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo lima URBIETA Bruna d. Silva xavier IsaíJorge d. CASTRO JoséJúlio d. TOLEd. Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio And.éVIANA d.AS William d.uglas CARVALHO Programa d. Pós-Grad.ação em Biod.versid.d. Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa d. Pós-Grad.ação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório d. Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa d. Pós-Grad.ação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro d. Investigación en Biod.versid.d.y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second.most d.verse group of mammals in the world.and.bat flies are their main ***,significant knowled.e gaps remain regard.ng these antagonistic interactions,especially since d.verse factors such as seasonality and.host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and.composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and.mod.larity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and.ad.lt host *** captured.bats and.collected.their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized.and.record.ng greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled.network could.be d.vid.d.into 15 compartments with 54 links,and.all subnetworks comprised.12 *** total number of links ranged.from 27 to 48(for the d.y and.wet seasons,respectively),and.female and.male subnetworks had.44 and.41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled.network and.for all *** results revealed.higher bat fly species richness and.abund.nce in the wet season,whereas specialization and.mod.larity were higher in the d.y ***,the subnetwork for female bats d.splayed.higher specialization and.mod.larity than the male ***,both seasonality and.host sex contribute in d.fferent ways to bat–bat fly network *** stud.es should.consid.r these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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