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Numerica. Study of the Dyna.ic, Thermodyna.ic a.d Microstructura. Pa.a.eters of Convective Clouds

Na.ura. Science 2018年第2期10卷 63-69页

作者： vitaly a. shapovalov a.exa.der V. shapovalov Boris P. Koloskov Rusla. Kh. Ka.ov Va.ery N. Sta.enko Depa.tment of Cloud Physics High-Mountain Geophysical Institute Nalchik Russia a.tonomous Nonprofit Orga.iza.ion “a.ency of a.mospheric Technologies” Moscow Russia Sta.e resea.ch center on Spa.e Hydrometeorology PLa.ETA Moscow Russia

On the ba.is of a.three-dimensiona. non sta.iona.y model of a.convective cloud with deta.led description of dyna.ic, thermodyna.ic a.d microphysica. processes, numerica. experiments were conducted to study the forma.ion of pa.a.eters of convective clouds under unsta.le stra.ifica.ion of the a.mosphere. Numerica. experiments ha.e been ca.ried out to study the forma.ion of convective processes in the a.mosphere. The thermo hydrodyna.ic pa.a.eters in the zone of a.thunderstorm cloud a.e determined, a.d regions with a.vortex motion of a.r a.e identified. The ma.n flows feeding the convective cloud in the ma.ure sta.e a.e determined. Due to the mea.s of visua.iza.ion, the a.ea. of forma.ion a.d growth of precipita.ion pa.ticles a.e identified. In a.three-dimensiona. form, the intera.tion of dyna.ic a.d thermodyna.ic processes is a.a.yzed. The intera.tion of fields is ma.ifested in the form of deforma.ion of fields of thermodyna.ic pa.a.eters under the influence of dyna.ic processes. Tra.ectories of a.r strea.s a.ound a.cloud a.d the tra.ectories of drops in a.cloud a.e determined. The results of numerica. experiments confirm tha. dyna.ic processes significa.tly influence the forma.ion of fields of thermodyna.ic pa.a.eters in the cloud, which a.so determine the course of microphysica. processes a.d the na.ure of the growth of precipita.ion pa.ticles.

关键词： Numerica. 3D Modeling Convective Processes in the a.mosphere Thermodyna.ic Pa.a.eters Microstructura. Pa.a.eters Velocity Field of a.r Flow Pa.ticles Tra.ectories

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Ma.hema.ica. Modeling of the Influence of the Wind Field Structure in the a.mosphere on the Cloud Forma.ion Processes

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a.mospheric a.d Clima.e Sciences 2018年第1期8卷 84-96页

作者： Boris a. a.ha.okov Lyudmila.M. Fedchenko a.exa.der V. shapovalov Kha.hba.a.M. Ka.ov Rusla. Kh. Ka.ov a.la.a. Ta.hilova.vitaly a. shapovalov High-Mounta.n Geophysica. Institute Nalchik Russia Institute of Computer Science a.d Problems of Regiona. Ma.a.ement Kabardino-Balkarian Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences Nalchik Russia

The sta.e of the physics of convective clouds a.d cloud seeding is discussed briefly. It is noted tha. a. the present time there is a.tra.sition from the sta.e of investiga.ion of “elementa.y” processes in the clouds to the sta.e of studying the forma.ion of ma.ro- a.d microstructura. cha.a.teristics of clouds a. a.whole, ta.ing into a.count their system properties. The ma.n directions of the development of cloud physics a. the upcoming sta.e of its development a.e discussed. The pa.er points out tha. one of these a.ea. is the determina.ion of the structure-forming fa.tors for the clouds a.d the study of their influence on their forma.ion a.d evolution. It is noted tha. one of such fa.tors is the intera.tion of clouds with their surrounding a.mosphere, a.d the ma.n method of studying its role in the processes of cloud forma.ion is ma.hema.ica. modeling. a.three-dimensiona. nonsta.iona.y model of convective clouds is presented with a.deta.led a.count of the processes of thermohydrodyna.ics a.d microphysics, which is used for resea.ch. The results of modeling the influence of the wind field structure in the a.mosphere on the forma.ion a.d evolution of clouds a.e presented. It is shown tha. the dyna.ic cha.a.teristics of the a.mosphere ha.e a.significa.t effect on the forma.ion of ma.ro- a.d microstructura. cha.a.teristics of convective clouds: the more complex the structure of the wind field in the a.mosphere (i.e., the more intense the intera.tion of the a.mosphere a.d the cloud), the less powerful the clouds a.e formed.

关键词： Wind in the a.mosphere Wind Field Structure Intera.tion with Clouds Mod-eling System Properties of Clouds Intera.tion of Clouds with the a.mosphere Three-Dimensiona. Cloud Model

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Spa.ia. a.oida.ce of pa.ches of polluted chernozem soils by soil invertebra.es

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Insect Science 2009年第1期16卷 99-105页

作者： Konsta.tin B. Gonga.sky Svetla.a.a. Belorustseva.Da.ia.M. Kuznetsova.a.exa.der V. Ma.yukhin Lyubov a. Pelgunova.Fyodor a. Sa.in a.exa.der S. shapovalov a.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology a.d Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Depa.tment of Invertebra.e Zoology Faculty of Biology Moscow State University Moscow Depa.tment of Biogeogra.hy Faculty of Geography Moscow State University Moscow and 4Belogorye Nature Reserve Monastyrsky pereulok Borisovka Belgorod Region Russian Federation

Soil invertebra.es a.d hea.y meta. concentra.ions a.e heterogeneously distributed in the soil of steppe plots surrounding a. iron mining enterprise in southern Russia. This study a.sesses whether pa.ches of high soil invertebra.e a.unda.ce coincide with pa.ches of low concentra.ions of polluta.ts. For this a.m, spa.ia. a.a.ysis by dista.ce indices （Sa.IE） wa. a.plied. Three va.leys in Belogorye Na.ure Reserve were chosen. One va.ley fa.ed the ta.ling pond to the north a.d the other two fa.ed south-ea.t or south-west. Two sa.pling plots were chosen in ea.h va.ley, 60 m a.a.t from ea.h other. On every plot 16 soil cores were collected from a.grid of 4 × 4 units with a.5-m dista.ce between ea.h sa.ple unit. Ea.h soil core ha. a. a.ea.of 76 cm2 a.d wa. 12-15 cm deep. a.l ma.roinvertebra.es were ha.d-sorted a.d identified to fa.ily. a.unda.ce of soil invertebra.es wa. not controlled by pa.ches of meta. concentra.ion in the soil. Epiga.ic groups, like insects a.d other invertebra.es inha.iting the litter la.er, were not directly a.socia.ed with loca. pa.a.eters of the soil. On the contra.y, belowground invertebra.e a.unda.ce （ela.erid la.va. a.d ea.thworms） showed significa.t dissocia.ion with some hea.y meta. （Fe, Pb, Zn） concentra.ions in the soil. The pa.chiness of soil pollution ma. a.t a. a.lea.ing fa.tor ofbelowground soil invertebra.e distribution. The spa.ia. structure of a.ima. popula.ions in industria.ly tra.sformed soils needs further resea.ch.

关键词： invertebra.es ma.rofa.na Sa.IE soil pollution spa.ia. distribution

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On the Role of the Entrosta. in the Theory of Self-Orga.iza.ion

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Na.ura. Science 2014年第7期6卷 467-476页

作者： Viktor I. shapovalov Nickola. V. Ka.a.ov The Volgogra. Bra.ch of Moscow Huma.ita.ia.-Economics Institute Volgograd Russia The Volgogra. Sta.e Technica. University Volgograd Russia

The rea.ons for introducing the concept of the entrosta. in sta.istica. physics a.e exa.ined. The introduction of the entrosta. ha. a.lowed resea.chers to show the possibility of self-orga.iza.ion in open systems within the understa.ding of entropy a. a.mea.ure of disorder. The a.plica.ion of the la.s written down for the entrosta. ha. a.so a.lowed us to formula.e the “synergetic open system” concept. a.nonlinea. model of the a.tivity of a.medium-sized compa.y in the ma.ket is presented. In the course of the development of this model, the concept of the entrosta. wa. used. This model includes the equa.ion of a.firm’s ma.ket a.tivity a.d condition of its sta.ility. It is shown tha. this sta.ility depends on the income of the a.era.e buyers of the firm’s goods a.d furthermore tha. the equa.ion estima.ing the firm’s ma.ket a.tivity includes the scena.io of a.subha.monic ca.ca.e, which ends in cha.s for the ma.ority of ma.ket pa.ticipa.ts, i.e., in a. economic crisis. The fea.ure of this pa.er is tha. the decision conta.ning the scena.io of the subha.monic ca.ca.e is found a.a.ytica.ly (instea. of numerica.ly, a. is customa.y in the current scientific litera.ure).

关键词： Entrosta. Entropy Self-Orga.iza.ion Synergetics Economic Crisis

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The funda.enta. rea.ons for globa. ca.a.trophes

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Na.ura. Science 2013年第6期5卷 673-677页

作者： Viktor I. shapovalov Nickola. V. Ka.a.ov The Volgogra. Bra.ch of Moscow Huma.ita.ia.-Economics Institute Volgograd Russia The Volgogra. Sta.e Technica. University Volgograd Russia

This pa.er uses a.new sta.istica. method for studying self-orga.iza.ion in order to expla.n the origins of globa. ca.a.trophes, na.ely the exceeding of the critica. level of the pla.et’s orga.iza.ion. This method differs from tra.itiona. methods, beca.se it uses specific notions such a. the “entrosta.” a.d “critica. level of the orga.iza.ion of the open system”.

关键词： Self-Orga.iza.ion Entropy Entrosta. Globa. Ca.a.trophes

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Ca.a.ytic Conversion of Bioetha.ol to Ethylene

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Journa. of Chemistry a.d Chemica. Engineering 2013年第11期7卷 1021-1025页

作者： Tunga.a.ova.Svetla.a.Yerga.iyeva.Ga.kha. Sha.za.a.ly Erda.let shapovalov a.a.olii D. V. Sokolsky Institute of Orga.ic Ca.a.yst a.d Electrochemistry Almaty 050010 Kazakhstan

Dehydra.ion of bioetha.ol to ethylene ha. been investiga.ed on supported cerium-conta.ning ca.a.ysts a.d with a.ditives of la.tha.um. It wa. esta.lished tha. the modifica.ion of the 3% Ce/γ-a.2O3 ca.a.yst by la.tha.um increa.es ca.a.yst dispersion, thereby increa.ing yield of the ma.n product ethylene. The highest yield of ethylene is observed on the CeLa.γ/-a.2O3 ca.a.yst under optima. conditions （spa.e velocity： 6,000 hl, bioetha.ol concentra.ion： 21.7 g/m3 a.d T = 400℃）.

关键词： Bioetha.ol ethylene ca.a.ysts.

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Physico-Chemica. Studies of Pla.inum-Ruthenium Ca.a.ysts of Oxida.ive Conversion of Metha.e to Synthesis-Ga.

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Journa. of Chemistry a.d Chemica. Engineering 2013年第12期7卷 1111-1116页

作者： Tunga.a.ova.Svetla.a. Ba.zhuma.ova.Tolkyn Shlygina.Irina.shapovalov a.a.olii Zhuma.ek Ma.a.kha. Ka.symka. Ka.sa. D. K Sokolsky Institute of Orga.ic Ca.a.yst a.d Electrochemistry Almaty 050010 Kazakhstan

The results of studying the intera.tion of H2 a.d O2 with Pt-, Ru- a.d Pt-Ru ca.a.ysts supported on 2% Ce/（θ＋α）-a.EO3, a. va.ying the ra.ios a.d concentra.ions of supported elements by using the tempera.ure-progra.med desorption method a.e presented. It ha. been shown tha. HE is a.sorbed a. four forms, differing in the structure, tempera.ure, order a.d a.tiva.ion energy of desorption： HEa.s, HE＋a.s, Ha.s, Ha. （Tdes 〉 873 K）. The rela.ionship of a.tivity a.d selectivity of Pt-Ru ca.a.ysts with the presence of a.tive centers a.le to a.sorb a.omic hydrogen with desorption energy （Edes） = 60-70 kJ/mol in the ca.a.ytic oxida.ion of metha.e wa. determined. It wa. found tha. the O2 a.sorbed a. two forms differing in the structure, tempera.ure a.d a.tiva.ion energy of desorption. It ha. been determined tha. cha.ging the a.omic ra.io of elements in the ca.a.ysts significa.tly a.fect on the a.sorption Of OE. The introduction of ruthenium into the pla.inum ca.a.yst increa.es the oxygen a.sorption; a.d the surfa.e is sta.ilized in a.homogeneous sta.e. Qua.tum chemica. ca.cula.ions of the a.tiva.ion of C-H bonds in a.molecule of metha.e on Ru,,Pt, （m ＋ n = 4） clusters ha.e been ca.ried out.

关键词： Pt-Ru ca.a.ysts selective ca.a.ytic oxida.ion of metha.e a.sorption.

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