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Suitability of Soil Water Retention Characteristic Models (SWRC) in Regions and Soil Depth

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第6期11卷 740-747页

作者： vitalis k. too Christian T. Omuto Elijah k. Biamah John P. O. Obiero Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Soil Water Retention Characteristics (SWRC) models have been widely used in many applications. Presently, there are many models in the literature and many more still being developed so much so that it is confusing which model to prefer. The current choice of the appropriate model to use has not been well guided by any incisive research on the predictive performance of these models. Consequently, SWRC model applications have been largely moved by convenience. This study used a global dataset to evaluate 12 commonly used SWRC models. The measured data onto which the models were evaluated was grouped into different soil depths and different regions of the world. The evaluation used correlation, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, and residual standard error statistics to choose the best overall performing model and models for each category. It gives an indication of the type of SWRC models to use in different regions of the world and depths of sampling. The suitability of the models to regions showed that the Fredlund and Xing model had the best performance in subsoils in Africa;Omuto in Southern Asia;and van Genuchten in subsoils of the other regions. It is recommended that many more models be tested using the procedures in this study so that benchmark. can be established on SWRC model selection suitable for various regions.

关键词： Soil Water Retention Characteristic Soil Properties Retention Models

Retinoid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha： a k.y gene setting brain circuits

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 791-794页

作者： Tania vitalis Jean Mariani PROTECT Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Université Paris Diderot Paris France Université Pierre et Marie Curie Sorbonne Université Paris France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8256 Institut de Biologie de Paris Seine (IBPS) Biological adaptation and ageing (B2A) Team Brain Development Repair and Ageing Paris France Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris Départements Hospitalo-Universitaires FAST Institut de la Longévité Ivry-Sur-Seine France

The retinoid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha（RORα） is thought to act as a constitutive activator of transcription by binding to the ROR response element（RORE） of target genes. Several mouse models in which RORα is defective have revealed the decisive roles of RORα on the development, maturation and neuroprotection of various cerebral regions including the cerebellar and somatosensory systems. We have recently shown that RORα is needed for accurate thalamic sensory system organization and somatosensory cortex development. The phenotype of various RORα deficient mice models（staggerer mutant or mouse lack.ng RORα in specific somatosensory regions） is, in part, reminiscent of what has been described in mice lack.ng thyroid hormone triiodothyronine（T3）. As in in vitro studies or in other models, our studies strongly suggest that the T3/RORα-pathway, among others, is in part responsible for the staggerer phenotype. We have indeed identified some genes that were both regulated by T3 and RORα and that are k.own to be implicated in the cerebellar or somatosensory system development. Moreover, several groups have shown that RORα is at the crossroad of many biological processes and pathologies, including psychiatric and degenerative disorders. In particular, defective RORα-signalling has been demonstrated in humans to be associated with the emergence of autistic-lik. disorders. We believe that determining the appropriate amount of RORα activity could be crucial in detecting and preventing the emergence of specific brain diseases.

关键词： cerebellum cerebral cortex development maturation neuroprotection psychiatric disorders somatosensory system

Assessment of Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) on Plant Available Water (PAW) in Dry Lands

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第2期15卷 90-105页

作者： Vincent Ng’eno Christian Omuto Duncan Mbuge vitalis too Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

One of the ways of overcoming the cost of irrigation is through in-situ water harvesting at the plant roots. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) can facilitate water harvesting at the plant roots. This study attempted to assess the effect of SAP on plant available water (PAW) of different soils. In this study, SAP was sequentially added at the rate of 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5% of the soil weight and its impact assessed in clay, sandy clay and sandy loam soils. The moisture retention characteristics of the original and SAP treated soils were studied using soil water retention curves (SWRC) and results modelled using Gardner model. PAW was estimated from SWRC as the difference between moisture content at 1.5 and 3 bar in all soils. The difference in PAW between original and treated soils was assessed at 5% level of significance. The WRC of all the samples was adequately found to be described by the Gardner model (Coefficient of determination R2 ≥ 98% and residual standard error (RSE) ≤ 0.04). SWRC changed with increase in SAP percentage in clay, sandy clay and sandy loam soils. Clay had a higher change in water retention then sandy clay and lastly sandy loam. Plant available water content (PAW) in all soils increased. In clay soil it increased with increase in SAP from 0.3291 at zero SAP to 0.6223 at 0.5% SAP. Sandy clay soil increased in PAW from 0.2721 at zero SAP to 0.5335 at 0.5% SAP and Sandy loam soils from 0.1691 at zero SAP to 0.3461 at 0.5% SAP. Hence, from the study SAP can be used to conserve irrigation water in the plant roots and therefore reducing the cost since PAW has been increased.

关键词： Plant Available Water (PAW) Soil Water Retention Curve (SWRC) Soil Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)

Forcing biological sciences into architectural design: On conceptual confusions in the field of biomimetic architecture

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第2期11卷 179-190页

作者： Louis vitalis Natasha Chayaamor-Heil UMR MAP-MAACC CNRS National Architecture School of Paris La VilletteParisFrance

Certain confusion may be observed in the field of biomimetic architecture,as it emerges at the crossroad of two disciplinary domains:architectural design and biological *** biomimetics is defined as a science,once it is applied to architecture,biomimetic architecture should logically be defined as a science *** assertion collides with the nature of architectural design,which may rather be defined as a technology:its aim is to transform the world,not to explain *** the one hand,there is no obvious relationship between architecture and life *** the other hand,the biomimetic approach tends to redefine the concept of science itself by seek.ng to avoid the excesses of ***,existing applications of biomimetic design show that it is difficult to observe a genuine biomimetic architecture;most cases are closer to engineering component or urban planning and sometimes they involve little or no life *** aim of this paper is to describe this conceptual confusion through two movements called“forcings”,occurring between design and *** forcings are conceptualised as shifts between constructed scientific objects and given empirical ***,used in biology as in architecture,allow these shifts by virtue of their double *** are both tools for k.owledge and for design,thus they may be conceptually forced into what they are not supposed to be,particularly in the field of biomimetic architecture where design process and scientific k.owledge are said to meet.

关键词： Biomimetic architecture Architectural design Epistemology Design with biology Modeling theory

Biology and architecture:An ongoing hybridization of scientific k.owledge and design practice by six architectural offices in France

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021年第2期10卷 240-262页

作者： Natasha Chayaamor-Heil Louis vitalis UMR MAP-MAACC CNRS National Architecture School of Paris La VilletteParisFrance

As a highly interdisciplinary field,architecture is being influenced by many subjects of natural and social *** despite being apparently distant from architecture is currently a scientific field blending into design practices,which have evolved and shifted towards a new hybrid *** this article,we present an emerging design field of what we categorize as biomimetic architecture pioneering by six architectural offices in *** observe the impact of scientific researches on design processes and practices through six case studies led by these offices,which can be seen through the actors who involved in various types of interdisciplinary collaborations,through the competencies of the architect himself,and through new sources of ideas coming from biological sciences and related *** propose to use a classification of theoretical uses in modeling practice to better understand the role that biological k.owledge plays in architectural design ***,the result of this analysis shows that the use of biology tak.ng place in a design space has external purposes,which transform it to produce engineering devices or urban schemes rather than architectural *** also shows that biology in architectural design induces other k.nds of non-biological k.owledge,is not strictly theoretical and could be obsolete or *** findings lead to an epistemological discussion concerning the confusion between biological,k.owledge,and architectural design‘k.ow-how’.

关键词： Biology Biomimetic architecture Architectural design Hybridization Design epistemology Research-practice

Characterisation and mapping of land subsidence based on geodetic observations in Lagos,Nigeria

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2020年第2期11卷 151-162页

作者： Ik.emonisan Femi Emmanuel Ozebo vitalis Chidi Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LagosAkokaLagosNigeria

The pervasive seasonal flooding,aquifer contamination,and saline water intrusion in parts of Lagos are some of the long-term effects of land subsidence caused by the excessive groundwater exploitation and land reclamation that has been tak.ng place in the *** to monitor the extent and pattern of land deformation will help in many ways to mitigate the effects of flooding and other geohazards associated with land *** this study,we characterised and mapped the land subsidence in the Lagos city based on the analyses of geodetic data,which included Global Positioning Satellite(GPS),Envisat,Sentinel-1,and GRACE *** applied the SBAS technique to the Envisat and Sentinel-1 datasets acquired from 2004-2011 and 2015-2019,respectively,and to perform multi-temporal analyses and produce corresponding subsidence maps over the Lagos *** GRACE data were used to infer the extent and trend of groundwater changes at the GPS *** results indicate that the subsidence is a widespread phenomenon in Lagos city,with subsidence rates varying between-2 mm/year and-87 mm/*** highest subsidence rate was observed around the coastal zones and areas where heavy structures are built on *** the highest rate at present,subsidence has gradually increased in the last 15 *** the development of indiscriminate groundwater exploitation,urbanization,and rapid population growth,the subsidence rate in Lagos city is lik.ly to rise significantly in the coming years,which,in turn,may further escalate the flood rate and other associated geohazards.

关键词： InSAR P-SBAS Deformation time series Land subsidence Lagos

Nitrogen Fertilizer and Panicle Removal in Sweet Sorghum Production: Effect on Biomass, Juice Yield and Soluble Sugar Content

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2017年第1期7卷 14-26页

作者： Maru k. k.ring vitalis W. Temu Laban k. Rutto Virginia State University Agriculture Research Station Petersburg VA USA

Alternative and renewable bio-based energy sources are gaining prominence worldwide. Sweet sorghum is currently being evaluated throughout the world because its stem juices are rich in sugars that can be directly fermented to ethanol. In this two-year study, sweet sorghum varieties;Dale, Theis, Topper 76-6, and M81E (Obtained from Mississippi State University Experiment Station, MS) and CHR-SW8 (Obtained from Chromatin Inc., IL) were used. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates of 0, 40, 80 or 120 k.·N·ha-1 were applied to experimental units. The experiment was a randomized complete block.design with treatments in a split-split plot arrangement with three replications. Nitrogen rate was the main plot, cultivar as sub-plot, and panicle removal as sub-plot. Results showed that N application increased fresh stem yield, juice volume, but had minimal effect on juice soluble sugar concentration. Compared to controls, application of ≥40 k.·N·ha-1 increased fresh yield and juice by >60% and 10%, respectively. There were also variety differences in harvested fresh biomass, juice volume and oBrix, and soluble sugar content. Dale and Theis consistently showed lower sucrose compared to other varieties over the two years. Panicle removal during early reproductive phase increased oBrix, sucrose and total sugar content in all varieties. Across the two years of study, panicle removal increased oBrix by more than 10%, sucrose and total sugar increased by more than 20%. Selection of varieties that produce high juice volume with high sugar content and strategies to inhibit seed formation may result in improved juice quality.

关键词： Sweet Sorghum Juice Sugar Panicle Nitrogen

Early Forage Biomass and Sward Structures of Native Warm-Season Grasses Established at Different Seedling Densities

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 832-844页

作者： vitalis W. Temu Christos Galanopoulos Maru k. k.ring Laban k. Rutto Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg USA

Effects of transplanted seedling density and species on sward structure of native warm-season grass (NWSG) stands were compared in a randomized complete block.design. About 6-week.old NWSG (big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii Vitman), eastern gamagrass (GG, Tripsacum dactyloides L.), indiangrass [IG, Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] and switchgrass (SG, Panicum virgatum) seedlings were transplanted in 45-cm wide rows on clean-tilled seedbeds. Within-row spacing was 30, 25, or, 20 cm giving 10, 12, and 15 plants m-2 as low, medium, and high seedling density, respectively. During establishment, the stands were allowed uninterrupted first year growth without fertilizers or irrigation but when necessary, tall-growing broadleaf weeds were mechanically removed. In the following spring, all dead standing biomass was mowed down to allow emerging tillers access to sunlight. During the second year after planting, early-spring basal diameters, row-length intercepted by the NWSG crowns, mid-summer sward heights, and percentage bare ground were determined. From the second June after planting, and for two consecutive years, plots were harvested twice year-1 to assess forage biomass. Data showed that, unlik. species, seedling density had no effect on the assessed parameters. Cumulative forage biomass, in k. DM ha-1, was the least for GG (4901) at low and the most (18,245) for SG at high seedling density during the second year. Corresponding values for the third year were 4500 and 7799 k. DM ha-1. Basal diameters ranged from 18 cm (BB) to 24 cm (IG) while percent row intercepts were from 6 (GG) to 46 (IG) with sward heights measuring 41 cm (IG) to 54 cm (GG). In each stand, percent ground cover by the NWSGs, and at every seedling density, averaged 60.5. Transplanting at ≥10 plant m-2 resulted in harvest-ready stands by the second year of establishment. And while close spacing favored the NWSGs against weeds, data showed that an initial plant density of >10 plants m-2 may not result

关键词： Forage Native Warm-Season Grass Establishment Transplant Seedling Density Yield Cover Habitat Quality Sward Structure

Assessment of some demographic risk.factors associated with diaphyseal humeral fractures among Nigerians

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Burns & Trauma 2015年第1期3卷 35-40页

作者： vitalis Chuk.uma Ezeuk. Agbonluai Richard Ehimigbai Ehijele Loveth Esechie Department of Anatomy School of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Medical SciencesUniversity of BeninBenin CityEdoNigeria

Back.round:The epidemiology of fractures of the humeral shaft has received little attention in *** study was aimed at investigating the possible risk.factors associated with diaphyseal humeral fractures among ***:The study was carried out retrospectively at the Department of Medical Records,National Orthopaedic Hospital,Igbobi,Lagos State,Nigeria,between 2007 and *** notes and plain films of X-ray from a total number of 206 patients of ages from birth to one hundred years(0–100 years),comprising of 140 males and 66 females,were used for the *** analyses were done using Statistical Pack.ge for Social Sciences(SPSS)version 16.0 and presented in bar *** frequencies were reported as *** differences in frequencies were compared using chi-square ***:The results showed that the percentage frequency of diaphyseal humeral fractures was significantly higher(Pk.n by all the parties involved,especially government agencies,to address this menace in term of road maintenance and general well-being of the ***,since it was observed that different regions of the bones of interest present diverse characteristics with respect to associated risk.factors,it is recommended that such studies as this should be region-based rather than whole-bone based.

关键词： Humerus fracture Diaphyseal Nigerian Risk.factor