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Quality of compounded topical 2% diltiazem hydrochloride formulations for anal fissure

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第34期19卷 5645-5650页

作者： Monil Shah Laura Sandler vishwas rai Charu Sharma Lakshmi Raghavan Ventrus Biosciences Inc. DermPathe Pharmaceuticals

AIM:To investigate the quality of topical 2%diltiazem formulations extemporaneously compounded by retail pharmacies openly offering drug-compounding ***:A participating healthcare professional wrote 12 prescriptions for compounded 2%diltiazem cream,with 2 refills allowed per *** 12sets of prescriptions were filled,at intervals of 1-2 wk between refills,at 12 different independent retail pharmacies that openly offer drug-compounding services in a major metropolitan *** 36 resultant preparations,provided as jars or tubes,were shipped,as soon as each was filled,at ambient temperature to the study core laboratory for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis,within 10 d of *** the HPLC analysis,8 different samples of the topical diltiazem,each approximately 1 g in weight,were taken from prespecified locations within each *** initiate the HPLC analysis,each sample was transferredto a 100 mL volumetric flask,to which methanol was *** HPLC analysis was conducted in accordance with the laboratory-validated method for diltiazem in cream,ointment,and gel *** main outcome measures were potency(percentage of label claim)and content uniformity of the compounded topical 2%diltiazem ***:Of the 36 prescriptions filled,30 were packaged in jars and 6 were packaged as *** prescriptions were specifically for cream formulations,but6 of the 12 pharmacies compounded 2%diltiazem as an ointment;for another pharmacy,which had inadequate labeling,the dosage form was *** United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standard for potency is 90%-115%of label *** the 36 preparations,5(13.89%)were suprapotent and 13(36.11%)were *** suprapotent prescriptions ranged in potency from 117.2%to 128.5%of label claim,and the subpotent prescriptions ranged in potency from34.8%to 89.8%of label ***(38.9%)preparations lacked content uniformity according to the USP standard of 90%-110%pote

关键词： Anal fissure Pharmacy compounding Topical diltiazem Formulation potency Content uniformity

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An experimental study on ballistic impact response of jute reinforced polyethylene glycol and nano silica based shear thickening fluid composite

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第3期18卷 401-409页

作者： vishwas Mahesh Dineshkumar Harursampath Vinyas Mahesh NMCAD Lab Department of Aerospace EngineeringIndian Institute of Science(IISc)Bangalore560012KarnatakaIndia Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Siddaganga Institute of Technology KarnatakaTumakuru572102India Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology SilcharAssam788010India

The present study aims at assessing the ballistic impact behaviour of jute reinforced polyethylene glycol(PEG)and nano silica based shear thickening fluid(STF).Preparation of STF is achieved by dispersing the nano silica particles at different weight percentage loadings of 10%,20%,30%and 40%in PEG and the effect of various weight percentages loading of nano silica particles on ballistic performance of the proposed composites is studied *** studies of the prepared STF’s showed that at all nanosilica loading shear thickening occurred and also the shear thickening was highest at higher loading of nano silica at lower rate of *** study reveals that the ballistic performance of the jute fabric is enhanced with impregnation of *** ballistic results indicate that energy absorption of the proposed composites is enhanced with increased loading of nano silica particles and at the same time,the effect of STF was *** energy absorption(SEA)of the neat fabric and the proposed composites was made use of for the purpose of comparing the energy absorption *** is found that the SEA of proposed composites with 10%nano silica loading is lesser than the neat fabric both in case of 3 layers and 6 *** was also found that proposed composite with 40%nano silica loading exhibits highest SEA compared to neat fabric and its counterparts with its SEA being 3.21 and 3.76 times highest compared to three and six layers of neat fabrics respectively.

关键词： Ballistic impact Shear thickening fluid Nano silica Jute

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Influence of thickness and projectile shape on penetration resistance of the compliant composite

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第1期17卷 245-256页

作者： vishwas Mahesh Sharnappa Joladarashi Satyabodh M.Kulkarni Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka SurathkalMangalore 575025India Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Siddaganga Institute of TechnologyTumakuru 572103KarnatakaIndia

The present study deals with development of conceptual proof for jute rubber based flexible composite block to completely arrest the projectile impacting the target at high velocity impact of 400 m/s through numerical simulation approach using finite element(FE)*** proposed flexible composite blocks of repeating jute/rubber/jute(JRJ)units are modelled with varying thickness from 30 mm to 120 mm in increments of 30 mm and impacted by flat(F),ogival(O)and hemispherical(HS)shaped *** the considered projectiles are impacted with proposed flexible composite blocks of different thicknesses and the penetration behaviour of the projectile in each case is *** penetration depth of the projectile in case of partially penetrated cases are considered and the effect of thickness and projectile shape on percentage of penetration depth is statistically analyzed using Taguchi’s design of experiments(DOE).Results reveal that the though proposed flexible composite block with thickness of 90 mm is just sufficient to arrest the complete penetration of the projectile,considering the safety issues,it is recommended to use the flexible composite with thickness of 120 *** nature of damage caused by the projectile in the flexible composite is also *** studies show that thickness of the block plays a prominent role in determining the damage resistance of the flexible composite.

关键词： Flexible composite blocks Jute Rubber High velocity Projectile shapes Thickness Damage resistance Penetration depth

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A comprehensive review on material selection for polymer matrix composites subjected to impact load

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第1期17卷 257-277页

作者： vishwas Mahesh Sharnappa Joladarashi Satyabodh M.Kulkarni Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka SurathkalMangalore575025India

Polymer matrix composites(PMC)are extensively been used in many engineering *** natural fibers have emerged as potential replacements to synthetic fibers as reinforcing materials composites owing to their fairly better mechanical properties,low cost,environment friendliness and *** of appropriate constituents of composites for a particular application is a tedious task for a designer/*** loading has emerged as the serious threat for the composites used in structural or secondary structural application and demands the usage of appropriate fiber and matrix combination to enhance the energy absorption and mitigate the *** objective of the present review is to explore the composite with various fiber and matrix combination used for impact applications,identify the gap in the literature and suggest the potential naturally available fiber and matrix combination of composites for future work in the field of impact *** novelty of the present study lies in exploring the combination of naturally available fiber and matrix combination which can help in better energy absorption and mitigate the failure when subjected to impact *** addition,the application of multi attributes decision making(MADM)tools is demonstrated for selection of fiber and matrix materials which can serve as a benchmark study for the researchers in future.

关键词： Polymer matrix composites Natural fibers Green composite Impact characterization Flexible composite MADM Approach

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Damage mechanics and energy absorption capabilities of natural fiber reinforced elastomeric based bio composite for sacrificial structural applications

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第1期17卷 161-176页

作者： vishwas Mahesh Sharnappa Joladarashi Satyabodh M.Kulkarni Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka SurathkalMangalore575025India

The present study deals with the experimental,finite element(FE)and analytical assessment of low ballistic impact response of proposed flexible‘green’composite make use of naturally available jute and rubber as the constituents of the composite with stacking sequences namely jute/rubber/jute(JRJ),jute/rubber/rubber/jute(JRRJ)and jute/rubber/jute/rubber/jute(JRJRJ).Ballistic impact tests were carried out by firing a conical projectile using a gas gun apparatus at lower range of ballistic impact *** ballistic impact response of the proposed flexible composites are assesses based on energy absorption and damage *** revealed that inclusion of natural rubber aids in better energy absorption and mitigating the failure of the proposed *** the three different stacking sequences of flexible composites considered,JRJRJ provides better ballistic performance compared to its *** damage study reveals that the main mechanism of failure involved in flexible composites is matrix tearing as opposed to matrix cracking in stiff composites indicating that the proposed flexible composites are free from catastrophic *** obtained from experimental,FE and analytical approach pertaining to energy absorption and damage mechanism agree well with each *** proposed flexible composites due to their exhibited energy absorption capabilities and damage mechanism are best suited as claddings for structural application subjected to impact with an aim of protecting the main structural component from being failed catastrophically.

关键词： Flexible composite Ballistic impact Energy absorbed Rubber Damage mechanism

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The meridional circulation of the Sun: Observations, theory and connections with the solar dynamo

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第3期64卷 46-72页

作者： Arnab rai Choudhuri Department of Physics Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India

The meridional circulation of the Sun, which is observed to be poleward at the surface, should have a return flow at some depth. Since large-scale flows like the differential rotation and the meridional circulation are driven by turbulent stresses in the convection zone, these flows are expected to remain confined within this zone. Current observational(based on helioseismology)and theoretical(based on dynamo theory) evidences point towards an equatorward return flow of the meridional circulation at the bottom of the convection zone. Assuming the mean values of various quantities averaged over turbulence to be axisymmetric,we study the large-scale flows in solar-like stars on the basis of a 2D mean field theory. Turbulent stresses in a rotating star can transport angular momentum, setting up a differential rotation. The meridional circulation arises from a slight imbalance between two terms which try to drive it in opposite directions: a thermal wind term(arising out of the higher efficiency of convective heat transport in the polar regions) and a centrifugal term(arising out of the differential rotation). To make these terms comparable,the poles of the Sun should be slightly hotter than the equator. We discuss the important role played by the meridional circulation in the flux transport dynamo model. The poloidal field generated by the Babcock-Leighton process at the surface is advected poleward, whereas the toroidal field produced at the bottom of the convection zone is advected equatorward. The fluctuations in the meridional circulation(with coherence time of about 30-40 yr) help in explaining many aspects of the irregularities in the solar cycle. Finally, we discuss how the Lorentz force of the dynamo-generated magnetic field can cause periodic variations in the large-scale flows with the solar cycle.

关键词： astrophysical plasma solar physics Sun:solar magnetism Sun:helioseismology fluid flow:rotational

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Characteristics of Emission Non-nulling Pulsars Through Simulation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 91-102页

作者： rai Yuen Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Radio Astrophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China SIfA School of PhysicsUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

We investigate the population and several properties of radio pulsars whose emission does not null(non-nulling)through simulation of a large pulsar *** from a pulsar is identified as non-nulling if(i)the emission does not cease across the whole pulse profile,and(ii)the emission is ***(i),we adopt a model for switching in the plasma charge density,and emission persists if the charge density is ***(ii),we assume that detectable emission originates from source points where it is emitted tangentially to the magnetic field-line and parallel to the *** find that pulsars exhibiting non-nulling emission possess obliquity angles with an average of 42°.5,and almost half the samples maintain a duty cycle between 0.05 and ***,the pulsar population is not fixed but dependent on the obliquity angle,with the population peaking at 20°.In addition,three evolutionary phases are identified in the pulsar population as the obliquity angle evolves,with the majority of samples having an obliquity angle between 20°and 65°.Our results also suggest that emission from a pulsar may evolve between nulling and non-nulling during its lifetime.

关键词： radiation mechanisms:non thermal stars:neutron (stars:)pulsars:general

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Starspots, stellar cycles and stellar flares： Lessons from solar dynamo models

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2017年第1期60卷 1-16页

作者： Amab rai Choudhuri Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India

In this review, we discuss whether the present solar dynamo models can be extrapolated to explain various aspects of stellar activity. We begin with a summary of the following kinds of data for solar-like stars:(i) data pertaining to stellar cycles from Ca H/K emission over many years;(ii) X-ray data indicating hot coronal activity;(iii) starspot data(especially about giant polar spots); and(iv) data pertaining to stellar superflares. Then we describe the current status of solar dynamo modelling—giving an introduction to the flux transport dynamo model, the currently favoured model for the solar cycle. While an extrapolation of this model to solar-like stars can explain some aspects of observational data, some other aspects of the data still remain to be theoretically explained. It is not clear right now whether we need a different kind of dynamo mechanism for stars having giant starspots or producing very strong superflares.

关键词： sunspots solar dynamo solar cycle stellar dynamo, stellar activity

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Smoking under hypoxic conditions: a potent environmental risk factor for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

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Military Medical Research 2018年第3期5卷 263-278页

作者： Md.Saddam Hussain vishwas Tripathi School of Biotechnology Gautam Buddha University

Autoimmune disease management presents a significant challenge to medical science. Environmental factors potentially increase the risk of developing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus. Among various environmental stresses, cigarette smoke and hypoxia have both been reported to lead to an enhanced risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we shed light on all reported mechanisms whereby cigarette smoke and a hypoxic environment can induce inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and discuss how hypoxic conditions influence the cigarette smoke-induced threat of inflammatory and autoimmune disease development. Cigarette smoke and hypoxia both lead to increased oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals, which have various effects including the generation of autoreactive pro-inflammatory T cells and autoantibodies, reductions in T regulatory(Treg) cell activity, and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators [e.g., interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-4(IL-4) and interleukin-8(IL-8)]. Accordingly, smoking and hypoxic environments may synergistically act as potent environmental risk factors for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the direct association of cigarette smoke and hypoxic environments with the risk of developing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Future studies exploring the risk of autoimmune disease development in smokers at high altitudes, particularly military personnel and mountaineers who are not acclimatized to high-altitude regions, are required to obtain a better understanding of disease risk as well as its management.

关键词： Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases Cigarette smoke Hypobaric hypoxia Oxidative stress Epigenetic modifications Pro-inflammatory mediators Autoantibody

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Trade Credit Policy Between Supplier-Manufacturer-Retailer for Ameliorating/Deteriorating Items

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2020年第1期8卷 79-103页

作者： Vandana rai School of Studies in Mathematics Pt.Ravishankar Shukla UniversityRaipurC.G.492010India Associated Cement Company(ACC)Jamul behind ACC Ram MandirPost-JamulDurgChhattisgarh 490024India

This paper is related to the advancement of the inventory models for ameliorating items and focused on the real-life business situation as with the time the deterioration rate of ameliorating items is *** the global world,every supply chain entities as suppliers/manufacturers/retailers want to increase the consumption of their goods without any *** this,he/she tries to lure manufacturer/retailers by offering some discounts,*** period for settling the *** problem states that the manufacturer purchases the ameliorating items from the supplier,where the supplier offers his/her credit period to settle the *** manufacturer purchases ameliorating items(like pigs,fishes,ducklings,etc.)and take those items as rawmaterial;when the livestock matures the manufacturer sells it to the retailer and offer credit time for settling the *** to propose the model is when the quantities of livestock become larger,then the manufacturer faces difficulty in maintaining all the *** such a situation,the traditional method(without offering credit period)fails to provide the maximum profit to the ***,in order to get maximum profit,the manufacturer needs some more realistic scientific outlook for making *** proposed model provides a more realistic assumption of business markets,by offering credit *** the introduced model,manufacturer faces amelioration and deterioration rate simultaneously due to the growth and the death of *** amelioration and deterioration rates are assumed as theWeibull distribution *** allowed only for the retailer,which is partially *** main goal of this paper is to minimize the total relevant inventory cost for both the manufacturer and the retailers,by finding the optimal replenishment *** formulation with optimal solutions for manufacturer and retailers are *** and existence of the proposed model via numerical examp

关键词： Inventory Weibull distribution deterioration Weibull distribution amelioration Partial backlogging Trade credit

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