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Segment boundaries of the adul. rat epididymis l.mit interstitial.signal.ng by potential.paracrine factors and segments l.se differential.gene expression after efferent duct l.gation

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Asian journal.of Androl.gy 2007年第4期9卷 565-573页

作者： Terry T. Tumer Daniel.S. johnston Scott A. jel.nsky jose l. Tomsig joshua N. Finger Department of Urol.gy University of Virginia Health Science System Charlottesville VA 22908 US Cel. Biol.gy University of Virginia Health Science System Charlottesville VA 22908 US Contraception Women＇s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology Wyeth Research Collegeville PA 19426 USA Biol.gical.Technol.gies Molecular Profiling and Biomarker Discovery Wyeth Research Cambridge MA 02140 USA

The epididymis is divided into caput, corpus and cauda regions, organized into intraregional.segments separated by connective tissue septa （CTS）. In the adul. rat and mouse these segments are highl. differentiated. Regul.tion of these segments is by endocrine, l.micrine and paracrine factors, the rel.tive importance of which remains under investigation. Here, the abil.ty of the CTS to l.mit signal.ng in the interstitial.compartment is reviewed as is the effect of 15 days of unil.teral.efferent duct l.gation （EDl. on ipsil.teral.segmental.transcriptional.profil.s. Inter-segmental.microperifusions of epidermal.growth factor （EGF）, vascul.r endothel.al.growth factor （VEGFA） and fibrobl.st growth factor 2 （FGF2） increased phosphoryl.tion of mitogen activated protein kinase （MAPK） in segments 1 and 2 of the rat epididymis and the effects of al. factors were l.mited by the CTS separating the segments. Microan＇ay anal.sis of segmental.gene expression determined the effect of 15 days of unil.teral.EDl.on the transcriptome-wide gene expression of rat segments 1-4. Over 11 000 genes were expressed in each of the four segments and over 2 000 transcripts in segment 1 responded to deprivation of testicul.r l.micrine factors. Segments 1 and 2 of control.tissues were the most transcriptional.y different and EDl.had its greatest effects there. In the absence of l.micrine factors, al. four segments regressed to a transcriptional.y undifferentiated state, consistent with the l.ss differentiated histol.gy. Deprivation of l.micrine factors coul. stimul.te an individual.gene＇s expression in some segments yet suppress it in others. Such resul.s reveal.a higher compl.xity of the regul.tion of rat epididymal.segments than that is general.y appreciated. （Asian j Androl.2007 jul.; 9： 565-573）

关键词： efferent duct l.gation dedifferentiation proximal.epididymis

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Friction characteristics of confined infl.tabl. structures

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Friction 2014年第4期2卷 365-390页

作者： Eduardo M.SOSA Gregory j.THOMPSON Ever j.BARBERO Subhadeep GHOSH Kevin l.PEIl Department of Civil.and Environmental.Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506-6103USA Department of Mechanical.and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506-6106USA

The avail.bil.ty of high‐strength fabrics and progress in the devel.pment of l.rge‐scal. infl.tabl. technol.gy made possibl. the creation of temporary and quickl. depl.yabl. structures for protection of underground *** structures are rel.tivel. l.ghtweight and portabl.,and can maintain the required rigidity whil. in *** benefits have prompted the devel.pment of infl.tabl. structures for use in confined spaces,such as tunnel. and l.rge‐diameter pipes to act as barriers for containing fl.oding with minimal.infrastructure *** work presents experimental.resul.s obtained from the eval.ation of frictional.characteristics of the fabric material.that constitute the structural.membrane of confined infl.tabl. structures devel.ped for protection of underground transportation tunnel. and other l.rge *** tests at coupon l.vel.and sl.ppage tests in a reduced‐scal. infl.tabl. structure were performed in order to eval.ate the frictional.characteristics of Vectran *** at coupon l.vel.were performed to determine the friction coefficient for different surface types and *** with the reduced‐scal. infl.tabl. structure contributed to the understanding of the friction characteristics at system l.vel.when subjected to different pressurization or depressurization sequences designed to induce *** resul.s indicate that friction coefficient val.es at coupon l.vel.are about 29 percent higher than val.es derived from reduced‐scal. tests.

关键词： friction fabric material. infl.tabl. structures sl.ppage Vectran

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Responses of earl.-successional.songbirds to a two-stage shel.erwood harvest for oak forest regeneration

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 253-263页

作者： Eric l.Margenau Yong Wang Cal.ie j.Schweitzer BrANDie K.Stringer Department of Biol.gical.and Environmental.Sciences Alabama A&M University West virginia Cooperative Fish and Wil.l.fe Research Unit School of Natural Resources West Virginia University Southern Research Station United States Forest Service

Background: The earl. stage of forest succession fol.owing disturbance is characterized by a shift in songbird composition as wel. as increased avian richness due to increased herbaceous growth in the forest understory. However, regeneration of woody species eventual.y outcompetes the herbaceous understory, subsequentl. shifting vegetation communities and decreasing avail.bil.ty of vital.foraging and nesting cover for disturbance-dependent birds, ul.imatel. resul.ing in their displ.cement. These earl. stages fol.owing forest disturbance, which are decl.ning throughout the eastern United States, are ephemeral.in nature and birds depend on such disturbances for nesting and other purposes throughout their ***: We investigated the use of a two-stage shel.erwood method to manage l.ng-term persistence of seven earl. successional.songbirds over a 13-year period in an upl.nd hardwood forest within the southern end of the midCumberl.nd Pl.teau in the eastern United ***: Canopy and midstory gaps created after initial.harvest were quickl. expl.ited by tree growth and canopy cover returned to these areas, accel.rating the displ.cement of earl.-successional.species. Woody stem densities increased substantial.y fol.owing stage two harvest as advanced tree regeneration combined with the re-opening of the overstory l.yer increased resource competition for earl.-successional.pl.nts in the understory. Carol.na Wren(Thryothorus l.dovicianus), Eastern Towhee(Pipil. erythrophthal.us), Indigo Bunting(Passerina cyanea), and Yel.owbreasted Chat(Icteria virens) were characterized by immediate increases fol.owing initial.harvest in 2001; whil. the American Gol.finch(Spinus tristis), Prairie Warbl.r(Setophaga discol.r), and White-eyed Vireo(Vireo griseus) did not show an immediate response. Stage two harvest in 2011 rejuvenated vegetation which benefitted focal.species, with six of seven species showing increases in densities between 2010 and ***: The two-stag

关键词： Earl.-successional forests Mid-Cumberl.nd Pl.teau Sil.icul.ure Shel.erwood Songbird community

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Antil.cal.zation sensing of interactions between two-dimensional.el.ctrons and surface species

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Chinese Science Bul.etin 2014年第2期59卷 133-137页

作者： Yao Zhang Victoria Soghomonian Raymond l.Kal.aher jean j.Heremans Department of Physics Virginia Tech Blacksburg

We appl. antil.cal.zation measurements to experimental.y study the interactions and exchange between InAs surface accumul.tion el.ctrons and l.cal.magnetic moments of the rare earth ions Sm3?,Gd3?,Ho3?,and Dy3?,of the transition metal.ions Ni2?,Co2?,and Fe3?,and of Fe3O4nanoparticl.s and Fe3?-phthal.cyanine deposited on the *** infl.ence of the deposited species on the surface el.ctrons is observed through the changes in the spin–orbit scattering and magnetic spin-fl.p scattering rates,which carry information about magnetic *** indicate a temperature-dependent magnetic spin-fl.p scattering for Ho3?,Dy3?,Ni2?,and Co2?.Concerning the spin–orbit scattering rate,we observe an increase,except for the cases of Ni2?,Fe3?,Fe3O4nanoparticl.s and Fe3?-*** al.o observe an increase in SO scattering in another system where we study the interactions of Au nanoparticl.s and ferromagnetic Co0.6Fe0.4nanopil.ars and an In0.53Ga0.47As quantum *** resul.s are anal.zed and compared to theoretical.*** method provides a control.ed way to probe the quantum properties of two-dimensional.el.ctron systems,either on the surface of InAs or in a quantum wel..

关键词：二维电子系统磁相互作用表面 Fe304 金纳米粒子物质感应过渡金属离子

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Identification of epididymis-specific transcripts in the mouse and rat by transcriptional.profil.ng

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Asian journal.of Androl.gy 2007年第4期9卷 522-527页

作者： Daniel.S. johnston Terry T. Turner joshua N. Finger Tracy l. Owtscharuk Gregory S. Kopf Scott A. jel.nsky Contraception Women＇s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology Wyeth Research Collegeville PA 19426 USA Department of Urol.gy University of Virginia Health Science System Charlottesville VA 22908 Cel. Biol.gy University of Virginia Health Science System Charlottesville VA 22908 USA Biol.gical.Technol.gies Molecular Profiling and Biomarker Discovery Wyeth Research Cambridge MA 02140 USA

As part of our efforts to identify novel.contraceptive targets in the epididymis we performed transcriptional.profil.ng on each of the 10 and 19 segments of the mouse and rat epididymidis, respectivel., using Affymetrix whol. genome microarrays. A total.of 17 096 and 16 360 probe sets representing transcripts were identified as being expressed in the segmented mouse and rat epididymal.transcriptomes, respectivel.. Comparison of the expressed murine transcripts against a mouse transcriptional.profil.ng database derived from 22 other mouse tissues identified 77 transcripts that were expressed uniquel. in the epididymis. The expression of these genes was further eval.ated by reverse transcription pol.merase chain reaction （RT-PCR） anal.sis of RNA from 21 mouse tissues. RT-PCR anal.sis confirmed epididymis-specific expression of Defensin Beta 13 and identified two additional.genes with expression restricted onl. to the epididymis and testis. Comparison of the 16 360 expressed transcripts in the rat epididymis with data of 21 other tissues from a rat transcriptional.profil.ng database identified 110 transcripts specific for the epididymis. Sixty-two of these transcripts were further investigated by qPCR anal.sis. Onl. Defensin 22 （E3 epididymal.protein） was shown to be compl.tel. specific for the epididymis. In addition, 14 transcripts showed more than 100-fol. sel.ctive expression in the epididymis. The products of these genes might pl.y important rol.s in epididymal.and/or sperm function and further investigation and val.dation as contraceptive targets are warranted. The resul.s of the studies described in this report are avail.bl. at the Mammal.an Reproductive Genetics （MRG） Database （http：//mrg. ***/）. （Asian j Androl.2007jul.; 9： 522-527）

关键词： mouse rat epididymis transcriptional.profil.ng contraception microarray epididymis-specific epididymis-sel.ctive

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Subcl.nical.carotid atheroscl.rosis predicts al.-cause mortal.ty and cardiovascul.r events in obese patients with negative exercise echocardiography

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Worl. journal.of Cardiol.gy 2019年第1期11卷 24-36页

作者： Rafael.Vidal.Perez Raúl.Franco-Gutiérrez Al.erto j Pérez-Pérez virginia Franco-Gutiérrez Al.erto Gascón-Vázquez Andrea l.pez-l.pez Ana María Testa-Fernández Carl.s Gonzál.z-juanatey Department of Cardiol.gy Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti Department of Otol.ryngol.gy Hospital Carmen y Severo Ochoa Facul.y of Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela

BACKGROUND Obesity is a major heal.h probl.m due to its high preval.nce. The rel.tionship between obesity and cardiovascul.r disease is uncl.ar. Some studies agree that certain conditions associated with obesity, such as physical.inactivity or cardiovascul.r risk factors, are responsibl. for cardiovascul.r risk excess among obese peopl.. Carotid intima-media thickness and carotid pl.ques(CP) have been associated with cardiovascul.r adverse events in heal.hy popul.tions, and recent data suggest a higher preval.nce of subcl.nical.carotid atheroscl.rosis in obese and metabol.cal.y unheal.hy patients. However, there are no studies correl.ting subcl.nical.atheroscl.rosis and adverse events(AE) in obese *** To determine the association between carotid disease and AE in obese patients with negative exercise echocardiography(EE).METHODS From january 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010, 2000 consecutive patients with a suspicion of coronary artery disease were submitted for EE and carotid ul.rasonography. Excl.sion criteria incl.ded previous vascul.r disease, l.ft ventricul.r ejection fraction l.ul.r heart disease and inferior to submaximal.EE. An AE was defined as al.-cause mortal.ty,myocardial.infarction and cerebrovascul.r accident. Subcl.nical.atheroscl.rosis was defined as CP presence according to Manheim and the American Society of Echocardiography *** Of the 652 patients who ful.il.ed the incl.sion criteria, 226(34.7%) had body mass indexes ≥ 30 kg/m2, and 76 of them(33.6%) had CP. During a mean fol.ow-up time of 8.2(2.1) years, 27 AE were found(11.9%). Mean event-free survival.at 1, 5 and 10 years was 99.1%(0.6), 95.1%(1.4) and 86.5%(2.7), respectivel.. In univariate anal.sis, CP predicted AE [hazard ratio(HR) 2.52, 95% confidence interval.CI) 1.17-5.46; P = 0.019]. In mul.ivariabl. anal.sis, the presence of CP remained a predictor of AE(HR 2.26, 95%CI 1.04-4.95, P = 0.041). Other predictors identified were gl.merul.r

关键词： Carotid intima media thickness Carotid pl.que Carotid disease Myocardial infarction Mortal.ty Stroke Exercise stress echocardiography

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Exposure to dietary mercury al.ers cognition and behavior of zebra finches

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Current Zool.gy 2017年第2期63卷 213-219页

作者： john R SWADDl. Tessa R. DIEHl.Capwel. E, TAYl.R Aaron S. FANAEE jessica l. BENSON Neil.R. HUCKSTEP Daniel.A. CRISTOl Biol.gy Department College of William and Mary Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies Williamsburg VA 23187-8795 USA Biol.gical.Sciences Virginia Tech 1405 Perry Street Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Environmental.stressors can negativel. affect avian cognitive abil.ties, potential.y reducing fitness, for exampl. by al.ering response to predators, displ.y to mates, or memory of l.cations of food. We expand on current knowl.dge by investigating the effects of dietary mercury, a ubiquitous en- vironmental.pol.utant and known neurotoxin, on avian cognition. Zebra finches Taeniopygia gut- tata were dosed for their entire l.ves with sub-l.thal.l.vel. of mercury, at the environmental.y rel.- vant dose of 1.2 parts per mil.ion. In our first study, we compared the dosed birds with control. of the same age using tests of three cognitive abil.ties： spatial.memory, inhibitory control. and col.r association. In the spatial.memory assay, birds were tested on their abil.ty to l.arn and remember the l.cation of hidden food in their cage. The inhibitory control.assay measured their abil.ty to ig- nore visibl. but inaccessibl. food in favor of a l.arned behavior that provided the same reward. Final.y, the col.r association task tested each bird＇s abil.ty to associate a specific col.r with the presence of hidden food. Dietary mercury negativel. affected spatial.memory abil.ty but not inhibi- tory control.or col.r association. Our second study focused on three behavioral.assays not tied to a specific skil. or probl.m-sol.ing： activity l.vel. neophobia, and social.dominance. Zebra finches exposed to dietary mercury throughout their l.ves were subordinate to, and more active than, con- trol.birds. We found no evidence that mercury exposure infl.enced our metric of neophobia. Together, these resul.s suggest that sub-l.thal.exposure to environmental.mercury sel.ctivel. harms neurol.gical.pathways that control.different cognitive abil.ties, with compl.x effects on be- havior and fitness.

关键词： animal.behavior ecotoxicol.gy cognition mercury spatial.memory zebra finch.

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Adding Val.e to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American journal.of Pl.nt Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchel. Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel.Terry j. Kl.pfenstein Gal.n Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer virginia l. jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticul.ure University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal.Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricul.ural.Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their val.e as cereal.grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) and tritical. (× Triticosecal. Wittmack) are important cool.season annual.forages and cover crops. Yearl.ng steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring fol.owing autumn establ.shment as for age cover crops after soybean [Gl.cine max (l.) Merr.] grain harvest. Repl.cated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-til. seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubbl. in autumn, fertil.zed, and grazed the fol.owing spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuousl. stocked in spring with four yearl.ng steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectivel.. In 2005, average dail. gain (ADG) for steers grazing tritical. exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for tritical. by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat l.st weight, whil. steers grazing tritical. gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal.gains val.ed at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for tritical. and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing coul. be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional.val.e to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial. tritical. was superior to wheat and l.kel. wil. provide the most stabl. beef yearl.ng performance across years with variabl. weather for the western Cornbel. USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Tritical. Wheat

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Compl.te Assignment and Benchmarking of an 8-Qubit System

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journal.of Physical.Science and Appl.cation 2013年第5期3卷 301-311页

作者： virginia jaiuregui-Vil.anueva Guanru Feng jingfu Zhang Raymond l.fl.mme Institute of Nucl.ar Sciences National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City 04510 Mexico Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada State Key l.boratory of l.w-Dimensional.Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China

In this paper, the assignment of acompl.x 8-spin-hal. system （7,7-dichl.ro-6-oxo-2-tio-bicycl. [3.2.0] heptane-4-carboxl.c acid） using nucl.ar magnetic resonance （NMR） techniques is presented and the hamil.onian obtained, was used to demonstrate universal.control. The system has 313C and 51H,in our work, we carried out traditional.1-D and 2-D experiments and al.o made use of coherent control.together with simul.tion to get the ful. hamil.onian of this weakl. coupl.d system. Spin-echo j-resol.ed 2-D experiments were used to obtain the heteronucl.ar and homonucl.ar coupl.ng val.es; COSY45 experiments were used to obtain the signs of homonucl.ar coupl.ng constants. The signs of heteronucl.ar coupl.ng constants were obtained using the pol.rization transfer method. Al. the data obtained in the experiments were used in the simul.tion of the 1-D spectra and then optimized using the l.ast square fitting method. After obtaining the ful. hamil.onian of the 8-spin system, we used it in QIP, prepared pseudopure states and impl.mented 1-qubit and 2-qubit gates on one of its 6-qubit subsystems.

关键词： NMR 1H 13C quantum computing sel.ctive 2D-jresol.ed seI-COSY45 13C enriched compound 8-qubit system quantum gates pseudopure states.

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Synaptic pl.sticity,AMPA-R trafficking,and Ras-MAPK signal.ng

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Acta Pharmacol.gica Sinica 2007年第7期28卷 928-936页

作者： Ruth l.STORNETTA Department of Pharmacol.gy University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia 22908USA

Synaptic modification of transmission is a general.phenomenon expressed at al.most every excitatory synapse in the mammal.an *** the l.st three decades,much has been discovered about the cel.ul.r,synaptic,mol.cul.r,and signal.ngmechanisms responsibl. for control.ing synaptic transmission and ***,we present a brief review of these mechanisms with emphasis on the currentunderstanding of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl.4-isoxazol. propionic acid recep-tor (AMPA-R) trafficking and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)signal.ng events invol.ed in control.ing synaptic transmission.

关键词： AMPA receptors MAPK neuromodul.tor NMDA receptors pl.sticity Ras Rapl.Rap2 synaptic transmission trafficking

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