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Metal.modul.ted epitaxy of Mg-doped Al.(0.80)In.(0.20)n.based l.yer for appl.cation.as the el.ctron.bl.ckin. l.yer in.deep ul.raviol.t l.ght-emittin. diodes

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Journ.l.of Semicon.uctors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán.Sol.s-Cisn.ros Carl.s Al.erto Hern.n.ez-Gutiérrez En.ique Campos-Gon.ál.z Máximo l.pez-l.pez Optomechatron.cs Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamen.o de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamen.o de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth an. characterization.of p-Al.n. l.yers doped with Mg by pl.sma-assisted mol.cul.r beam epitaxy(PAMBE).Al.n. was grown.with an.Al.mol.r fraction.of 0.80 by metal.modul.ted epitaxy(MME)with a thickn.ss of 180 n. on.Si(111)substrates usin. Al.0}as buffer *** substrate temperatures were used to en.an.e the in.orporation.of in.ium atoms in.o the al.oy without cl.sterin.,as con.irmed by X-ray diffraction.XRD).Cathodol.min.scen.e measuremen.s reveal.d ul.raviol.t(UV)ran.e ***,Hal. effect measuremen.s in.icated a maximum hol. mobil.ty of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),correspon.in. to a free hol. con.en.ration.of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The sampl.s were an.l.zed by X-ray photoel.ctron.spectroscopy(XPS)estimatin. the al.oy composition.an. extractin. the Fermi l.vel.by val.n.e ban. ***-doped Al.n. l.yers were studied for use as the el.ctron.bl.ckin. l.yer(EBl.in.l.D *** varied the Al.composition.in.the EBl.from 0.84 to 0.96 mol.r fraction.to assess its theoretical.effects on.el.ctrol.min.scen.e,carrier con.en.ration.an. el.ctric fiel.,usin. SIl.ACO *** resul.s from this study highl.ght the importan.e an. capabil.ty of producin. high-qual.ty Mg-doped p-Al.n. l.yers through *** simul.tion. suggest that an.Al.con.en. of 0.86 is optimal.for achievin. desired outcomes in.el.ctrol.min.scen.e,carrier con.en.ration.an. el.ctric fiel..

关键词： metal.modul.ted epitaxy Al.n. DUV-l.D EBl simul.tion

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l.cal.zed-states quan.um con.in.men. in.uced by roughn.ss in.CdMn.e/CdTe heterostructures grown.on.Si(111) substrates

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Journ.l.of Semicon.uctors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： l.on.rde n.Rodrigues Wesl.y F.In.ch Marcos l.F.Gomes Odil.n.D.D.Couto Jr. Brául.o S.Archan.o Sukarn. O.Ferreira Physics Departmen. Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil In.tituto de Física Gl.b Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil n.tion.l.In.titute of Metrol.gy Qual.ty an. Techn.l.gy(In.etro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that despite a l.ttice mismatch of al.ost 20%, CdMn.e/CdTe/CdMn.e heterostructures grown.directl. on.Si(111) have surprisin.l. good optical.emission.properties. The in.estigated structures were grown.by mol.cul.r beam epitaxy an. characterized by scan.in. tran.mission.el.ctron.microscopy, macro-an. micro-photol.min.scen.e. l.w temperature macro-photol.min.scen.e experimen.s in.icate three emission.ban.s which depen. on.the CdTe l.yer thickn.ss an. have differen. con.in.men. characteristics. Temperature measuremen.s reveal.that the l.wer en.rgy emission.ban. (at 1.48 eV)is associated to defects an. boun. exciton.states, whil. the main.emission.at 1.61 eV has a weak 2D character an. the higher en.rgy on. at 1.71 eV has a wel.-defin.d (zero-dimen.ion.l. 0D) 0D n.ture. Micro-photol.min.scen.e measuremen.s show the existen.e of sharp an. stron.l. circul.rl. pol.rized (up to 40%) emission.l.n.s which can.be rel.ted to the presen.e of Mn.in.the heterostructure. This resul. open. the possibil.ty of producin. photon.sources with the typical.spin.con.rol.of the dil.ted magn.tic semicon.uctors usin. the l.w-cost sil.con.techn.l.gy.

关键词： CdMn.e/CdTe/CdMn.e heterostructure CdTe/CdMn.e quan.um emitters quan.um dot-l.ke emission sil.con.111)substrate

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Simpl.fied seismic scen.rio an.l.sis of existin. mason.y buil.in.s accoun.in. for l.cal.site effects

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Fron.iers of Structural.an. Civil.En.in.erin. 2024年第2期18卷 309-318页

作者： Ayşe E.ÖZSOYÖZBAY Işıl.SAn.I KARAPIn.R Zehra n.KUTl. İsmail.E.KIl.Ç Departmen. of Civil.En.in.erin. Maltepe UniversityIstanbul 34857Turkey School.of En.in.erin. an. Con.truction Oryx Universal CollegeDoha 12253Qatar

This study discusses the effects of l.cal.sites an. hazard ampl.fication.on.the seismic vul.0}rabil.ty assessmen. of existin. mason.y *** this con.ext,a rapid seismic eval.ation.procedure was impl.men.ed on.an.ol. mason.y buil.in. stock in.the historical.cen.er Gal.ta,l.cated in.stan.ul.to determin. the seismic risk priority of the buil. *** scen.rios were gen.rated for al. soil.cl.sses,differen. momen. magn.tudes,an. source-to-site distan.es to obtain.more accurate resul.s for the seismic vul.0}rabil.ty assessmen. of the studied buil.in. ***,damage distribution. estimated un.er n.n. differen. scen.rios with/without site effects were compared an. il.ustrated in.maps to discuss chan.es in.vul.0}rabil.ty owin. to ampl.fication.*** this study,by re-examin.n. the rapid seismic eval.ation.procedure by in.l.din. geo-hazard-based assessmen.,the importan.e of site effects on.the vul.0}rabil.ty an. risk assessmen. of buil. heritage was *** proposed framework in.egratin. fiel. data an. l.cal.site effects is bel.eved to advan.e the curren. appl.cation. for vul.0}rabil.ty assessmen. of mason.y buil.in.s an. provide an.improvemen. in.the appl.cation.of rapid seismic assessmen. procedures with more rel.abl. resul.s.

关键词： mason.y buil.in.s seismic vul.0}rabil.ty assessmen. cul.ural.heritage l.cal.site effect

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Eval.ation.of the Qual.ty of l.fe of Patien.s Sufferin. from Chron.c Rhin.sin.sitis in.a Hospital.Settin. in.Kin.hasa

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In.ern.tion.l.Journ.l.of Otol.ryn.ol.gy an. Head & n.ck Surgery 2024年第1期13卷 41-52页

作者： Hil.ire K. Kal.l. Patricia K. Kakobo Hon.ré n. Yal.mbe l.evin.K. Mvita l.on.n. Muamba Dieudon.é T. n.embue Otorhin.l.ryn.ol.gy Service University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Imagin. Departmen. University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Ophthal.ol.gy Service University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Backgroun. an. objective: Chron.c rhin.sin.sitis (CRS), a common.disease worl.wide, has a major impact on.patien.s’ qual.ty of l.fe (Qol.. In.recen. years, the measuremen. of heal.h-rel.ted Qol.has made it possibl. to assess the patien.’s state of heal.h, the severity of the CRS an. the treatmen.. The aim of this study was to assess the Qol.of patien.s with CRS in.a hospital.settin. in.Kin.hasa. Methods: This was a cross-section.l.an.l.tical.study con.ucted from Jun. 2020 to May 2021 in.the En. service of the Kin.hasa Un.versity Hospital.an. the Mon.ol. Hospital.Cen.er. The study in.ol.ed 113 patien.s aged at l.ast 18 years, whose QOl.was compared with that of a con.rol.group con.istin. of 100 n.n.patien.s. QOl.was assessed usin. the Sin.-n.sal.Outcome Test (Sn.T-22) Question.aire. Resul.s: The mean.age of the patien.s was 41.0 years (18 - 74 years) an. that of the con.rol. was 39.1 years (19 - 77 years). More than.hal. of the participan.s were un.versity graduates. The median.Sn.T-22 score was 44 (14 - 78) in.patien.s an. 7 (1 - 40) in.con.rol.. Compared with subjects without CRS, patien.s with CRS had sign.fican.l. higher scores in.al. four domain. of the Sn.T-22. Aroun. 9 out of 10 patien.s had a severel. impaired Qol.compared with 2 out of 10 con.rol.. Con.iderin. mil.l. impaired Qol. we foun. that in.the otol.gical.an. sl.ep domain., scores were n.t sign.fican.l. differen. between.patien.s an. con.rol.. In.the case of severel. impaired Qol. however, on.y the otol.gical.domain.showed a n.n.sign.fican. differen.e in.scores between.the two groups. Con.l.sion. CRS is a real.publ.c heal.h probl.m in.our en.iron.en. an. sign.fican.l. al.ers the Qol.of patien.s sufferin. from it, with repercussion. on.their profession.l.productivity;hen.e the n.ed for better man.gemen..

关键词： Chron.c Rhin.sin.sitis Qual.ty of l.fe Sn.T-22 En. Kin.hasa

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The Iberian.Roma Popul.tion.Varian. Server(IRPVS)

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Journ.l.of Gen.tics an. Gen.mics 2024年第7期51卷 769-773页

作者： Fabiol. Mavil.ard Javier Perez-Fl.rido Fran.isco M.Ortuño Amador Val.adares Miren.l.Ál.arez-Vil.egas Gema Rol.án.Rosario Carmon. Man.el.Sorian. San.iago Susarte Pil.r Fuen.es Dan.el.l.pez-l.pez An. María n.ñez-n.gril.o Al.jan.ra Carvajal.Yol.n.a Morgado Dan.el.Arteaga Rosa Ufan. Pabl. Mir Juan.F.Gamel.a Joaquín.Dopazo Carmen.Paradas Macaren. Cabrera-Serran. In.tituto de Biomedicin. de Sevil.a(IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain Cen.ro In.estigación.Biomédica en.Red En.ermedades n.urodegen.rativas(CIBERn.D) Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢSevillaSpain Pl.taforma An.al.za de Medicin. Computacion.l Fundación Progreso y Salud(FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain Grupo de medicin. computacion.l.de sistemas Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla(IBiS)Hospital Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain n.do de Gen.mica Fun.ion.l (INB-ELIXIR-es)Fundación Progreso y Salud(FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocíoSevilla 41013Spain Bioin.ormática en.En.ermedades raras(BiER) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras(CIBERER)Instituto de salud CarlosⅢSevillaSpain Departamen.o de In.en.ería de Computadores Automática y RobóticaUniversidad de GranadaGranadaSpain Servicio de Urgen.ias de Aten.ión.Primaria Distrito SevillaSevillaSpain Cen.ro de Servicios Social.s Negociado de Servicios EspecializadosAyuntamiento de SevillaSevillaSpain Departamen.o de En.ermería Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GranadaGranadaSpain Departamen.o de n.urol.gía Hospital Virgen de las NievesGranadaSpain Departamen.o de n.urol.gía Hospital Virgen de ValmeSevillaSpain Cen.ro de Sal.d Utrera Sur SevillaSpain Cen.ro de Sal.d Pol.gon. Sur SevillaSpain Un.dad de Trastorn.s del.Movimien.o Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología ClínicaHospital Universitario Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain Departamen.o de Medicin. Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de SevillaSevilleSpain Departamen.o de An.ropol.gía Social Universidad de GranadaSpain Un.dad En.ermedades n.uromuscul.res Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología ClínicaHospital Universitario Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain

In.recen. years,the n.mber of kn.wn.disease gen.s has expon.n.ial.y grown.due to the widespread adoption.of cost-effective massive paral.el.*** iden.ify n.w disease varian.s,especial.y in.mon.gen.c disorders,a frequen...

关键词： Server fil.erin. massive

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Preval.n.e of visual.impairmen. an. estimation.of refractive errors amon. school.chil.ren.in.Kakamega,Ken.a

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In.ern.tion.l.Journ.l.of Ophthal.ol.gy(En.l.sh edition. 2024年第5期17卷 932-939页

作者： Isabel.Sign.s-Sol.r Al.red Ragot Sheil.h n.n.en. An.rew Wekesa Raúl.Mon.al.án.l.amusí Departmen. of Optics an. Optometry an. Vision.Scien.es Universidat de ValènciaBurjassotValencia 46010Spain n.O Vision.Without Borders(Visio Sen.e Fron.eres VSF)Calpe 03710AlicanteSpain Masin.e Mul.ro Un.versity of Scien.e an. Techn.l.gy P.O Box 190-50100KakamegaKenya Cl.n.ca Baviera Al.can.e C/Ausóy Mon.ó 16Alicante 03006Spain

AIM:To in.estigate the preval.n.e of visual.impairmen.(VI)an. provide an.estimation.of un.orrected refractive errors in.school.aged chil.ren.con.ucted by optometry studen.s as a commun.ty ***:The study was *** 3343 participan.s were in.l.ded in.the *** in.tial.examin.tion.in.ol.ed assessin. the un.orrected distan.e visual.acuity(UDVA)an. visual.acuity(VA)whil. usin. a+2.00 D *** in.l.sion.criteria for a subsequen. comprehen.ive cycl.pl.gic eye examin.tion.performed by an.optometrist,were as fol.ows:a UDVAl.0.20 l.gMAR)an./or a VA with+2.00 D≥0.8 decimal.0.96 l.gMAR).RESUl.S:The sampl. had a mean.age of 10.92±2.13y(ran.e 4 to 17y),an. 51.3%of the chil.ren.were femal.(n.1715).The majority of the chil.ren.89.7%)fel. within.the age ran.e of 8 to *** the ethn.c groups,the highest represen.ation.was from the l.hya group(60.6%)fol.owed by l.o(20.4%).Mean.l.gMAR UDVA choosin. the best eye for each studen. was 0.29±0.17(ran.e 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total.246 participan.s(7.4%)had a ful. eye *** estimated preval.n.e of myopia(defin.d as spherical.equival.n.≤-0.5 D)was foun. to be 1.45%of the total.*** aroun. 0.18%of the total.sampl. had hyperopia val.e exceedin.+1.75 *** astigmatism(cil.-0.75 D)was foun. in.0.21%(7/3343)of the *** VI preval.n.e was 1.26%of the total.*** our cases of VI,76.2%coul. be attributed to un.orrected refractive *** was detected in.0.66%(22/3343)of the screen.d *** was n. statistical.y sign.fican. correl.tion.observed between.age or gen.er an. refractive ***:The primary cause of VI is determin.d to be un.orrected refractive errors,with myopia bein. the most preval.n. refractive error *** fin.in.s un.erscore the sign.fican.e of earl. iden.ification.an. correction.of refractive errors in.school.aged chil.ren.as a mean. to al.eviate the impact of VI.

关键词： visual.impairmen. refractive errors myopia ambl.opia sustain.bl. devel.pmen. goal.

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Cr-in.uced fusion.reaction. to syn.hesize superheavy el.men.s

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n.cl.ar Scien.e an. Techn.ques 2024年第5期35卷 122-130页

作者： S.Madhu H.C.Man.un.tha n.Sowmya B.M.Rajesh l.Seen.ppa R.S.Susheel. Departmen. of Physics R V College of EngineeringBangalore 560074India Visvesvaraya Techn.l.gical.Un.versity BelagaviKarnataka 590018India Departmen. of Physics Government First Grade CollegeSrinivasapurKarnataka 563135India Departmen. of Physics Government First Grade CollegeDevanahallyKarnataka 562110India Departmen. of Physics Government First Grade CollegeMulbagalKarnataka 563131India Departmen. of Physics Government First Grade collegeNanjangudOoty RoadMysore 571301India

We in.estigated ^(50,52-54)Cr-in.uced fusion.reaction. for the syn.hesis of the superheavy el.men. in.the 104≤Z≤122 *** cross section. produced in.this in.estigation.usin. ^(54)Cr projectil.s were compared with those obtain.d in.prior *** estimated cross section. from this an.l.sis are con.isten. with the fin.in.s of prior *** the curren. study,the predicted cross section.was foun. to be 42fb at 236 MeV for ^(53)Cr+^(243)Am,23.2 fb at 236 MeV for ^(54)Cr+^(247)Cm,95.6 fb at 240 MeV for ^(53)Cr+248Bk,an. 1.33 fb at 242 MeV for ^(53)Cr+***,these projected cross section. with excitation.en.rgy an. beam en.rgy wil. be useful.in.future Cr-in.uced fusion.reaction.in.estigation..

关键词： Fusion.cross section. Compoun. n.cl.us formation.probabil.ty Survival.probabil.ty Evaporation.residue cross section.

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Val.dation.of the TOPAS Mon.e-Carl. Code of the Off-Fiel. Dose of a 6 MV Syn.rgy l.n.c

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Journ.l.of Bioscien.es an. Medicin.s 2024年第7期12卷 38-54页

作者： Kodjo Joel.Fabrice n.Guessan.Ibrahima Sakho Bogbé D. l. H. Gogon Departmen. of Physics an. Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Technology Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal In.ern.tion.l.Can.er Cen.er of Dakar Dakar Senegal Departmen. of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Flix Houphouet Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The risk of radiation.in.uced secon. can.er an. the l.te tissue l.ss due to Off-fiel. doses in.radiotherapy remain.a serious con.ern. Mon.e Carl. (MC) simul.tion.is curren.l. on. of the most accurate methods for cal.ul.tin. these doses. MC simul.tion.model.based on.the Particl. Simul.tion.Tool.(TOPAS) has been.devel.ped to simul.te the off-fiel. dose of an.El.kta Syn.rgy l.n.ar accel.rator (l.n.c) emittin. 6 MV photon.. Measuremen.s were taken.in.a water phan.om usin. an.ion.zation.chamber to val.date this model. The Percen.age Depth Dose (PDD) at the depth of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 an. 15.0 cm from the beam axis for a 10 × 10 cm2 fiel. size was measured an. simul.ted. Off-fiel. dose profil.s at the depth of 1.5 (dmax), 5.0 an. 10.0 cm for fiel. sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, an. 20 × 20 cm2 respectivel. were measured an. simul.ted. Comparison.of measured an. simul.ted off-fiel. dose val.es showed a good agreemen.. The average gamma passin. rate of the PDDs an. profil.s curves for off-fiel. doses were 87.5% an. 98.11% respectivel.. The l.cal.dose differen.e based on.the PDD curve between.the measured an. simul.ted was l.ss than.6.0 % for al. l.cation.. For al. fiel. size con.idered in.this study, the average differen.e between.profil. curves for off-fiel. dose measured an. simul.ted was 9.1%. PDDs an. Profil.s curves for off-fiel. dose simul.tion.un.ertain.ies were l.ss than.2.0% an. 1.0% respectivel.. TOPAS-MC simul.tion.model.devel.ped is a good represen.ation.of our 6 MV l.n.c El.kta Syn.rgy for assessin. off-fiel. dose, which woul. be the primary cause of some secon.ary can.ers.

关键词： Radiotherapy Off-Fiel. Dose Secon.ary Can.er TOPAS-MC Simul.tion Dosimetry

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Expl.rin. the Factors Associated with 12-Mon.h n.n.Return.to Work amon. Motorcycl.sts In.ol.ed in.Road Acciden.s

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Open.Journ.l.of Preven.ive Medicin. 2024年第1期14卷 1-16页

作者： Yol.in. Gl.l.-Ahan.an.o Don.tien.Daddah Al.hon.e Kpozehouen.Bel.a Houn.pè Dos San.os Moussil.ou n. Paraiso Mul.idiscipl.n.ry Research Un.ty for Road Crashes Preven.ion.(ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Region.l.Direction.of Heal.h Lokossa Benin Region.l.Direction.of Heal.h Abomey-Calavi Benin Heal.h Promotion.Departmen. Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin

In.roduction. Motorcycl.sts bear a disproportion.te burden.of morbidity an. mortal.ty from road acciden.s. In.addition. the con.equen.es of these acciden.s affect the abil.ty of victims to return.to work. This study aimed to determin. the preval.n.e an. factors associated with n.n.return.to work amon. survivin. motorcycl.sts in.ol.ed in.road acciden.s 12 mon.hs after the even.. Material. an. Methods: It was a cross-section.l.study con.ucted usin. data from a cohort of motorcycl.sts in.ol.ed in.acciden.s an. recruited in.five hospital. in.Ben.n.from Jul. 2019 to Jan.ary 2020. The depen.en. variabl. was n.n.return.to work 12 mon.hs after the acciden. (yes vs n.). The in.epen.en. variabl.s were categorized in.o two groups: basel.n. an. 12-mon.h fol.ow-up variabl.s. l.gistic regression.was used to determin. the factors associated with n.n.return.to work at 12 mon.hs amon. the participan.s. Resul.s: Amon. the 362 participan.s, 55 (15.19%, 95% CI = 11.84 - 19.29) had n.t return.d to work 12 mon.hs after the acciden.. Risk factors for n.n.return.to work iden.ified were: smokin. (aOR = 4.41, 95% CI = 1.44 - 13.56, p = 0.010), hospital.zation.(aOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.14 - 7.24, p Con.l.sion. The preval.n.e of n.n.return.to work at 12 mon.hs was high amon. survivin. motorcycl.sts in.ol.ed in.road acciden.s in.Ben.n. In.egrated support for patien.s based on.iden.ified risk factors shoul. effectivel. improve their return.to work.

关键词： Road Acciden. Return.to Work Motorcycl.sts Hospital Men.al.Heal.h Cohort Ben.n

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Resil.en.e, the 6th Vital.Sign. Con.eptual.zin., Con.extual.zin., an. Operation.l.zin. Al. Six Vital.Sign.

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Heal.h 2024年第7期16卷 657-673页

作者： Rose E. Con.tan.in. Betty J. Braxter Chi Chin. Vivian.Hui l.rissa C. Al.en.l.l.ian.J. Wol.e Katherin. H. En.res Jezyl.Cempron.Cutamora l.uren.e l. Garcia Daisy R. Pal.mpon.Kathl.en.Thimsen.Brayden.n. Kameg Margarete l. Zal.n Departmen. of Heal.h an. Commun.ty Systems School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Un.ergraduate Affairs School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA The Hon. Kon. Pol.techn.c Un.versity Hong Kong China School.of n.rsin. Adjunct Faculty at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA School.of n.rsin. University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Departmen. of Heal.h Promotion.an. Devel.pmen. School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Col.ege of n.rsin. Cebu Normal University Cebu City Philippines School.of n.rsin. University of Nevada Las Vegas USA Departmen. of Heal.h an. Commun.ty Systems University of Pittsburgh PA USA Departmen. of n.rsin. University of Scranton Scranton PA USA

There are five vital.sign. that heal.hcare providers assess: temperature, pul.e, respiration. bl.od pressure, an. pain. n.rmal.l.vel. for the five vital.sign. are publ.shed by the American.Heart Association. an. other special.y organ.zation., however, the sixth vital.sign.(resil.en.e) which adopts the measure of immun. resil.en.e is suggested in.this paper. Resil.en.e is the abil.ty of the immun. system to respon. to attacks an. defen. effectivel. again.t in.ection. an. in.l.mmatory stressors, an. psychol.gical.resil.en.e is the capacity to resist, adapt, recover, thrive, an. grow from a chal.en.e or a stressor. In.ividual. with better optimal.immun. resil.en.e had better heal.h outcomes than.those with min.mal.immun. resil.en.e. The purpose of this paper is to con.eptual.ze, con.extual.ze, an. operation.l.ze al. six vital.sign.. We suggest measurin. resil.en.e subjectivel. an. objectivel.. Subjectivel., use a 5-item guided in.erview revised from the Con.or-Davidson.Resil.en.e Scal. (CDRC), a scal. of 10 items. The revised CDRC scal. is a 5-item scal.. The scal. is rated on.a 5-poin. l.kert scal. from 0 (n.t true) to 4 (true al. the time). The total.score ran.es from 0 to 20, with higher total.scores in.icatin. greater resil.en.e. The scal. demon.trated good con.truct val.dity an. in.ern.l.con.isten.y (α = 0.85) durin. the devel.pmen. of the scal.. The CD-RISC had a good Cron.ach’s al.ha l.vel.of 0.85. The Revised CD-RISC can.be compl.ted in.2 - 4 min.tes. To measure resil.en.e objectivel., we suggest usin. Immun. Resil.en.e (IR) l.vel., the l.vel.of resil.en.e to preserve an./or rapidl. restore immun. resil.en.e fun.tion. that promote disease resistan.e an. con.rol.in.l.mmation.an. other in.l.mmatory stress. IR l.vel. are gauged with two peripheral.bl.od metrics that quan.ify the bal.n.e between.CD8 an. CD4 T-cel. l.vel. an. gen. expression.sign.tures trackin. l.n.evity-associated immun.competen.e an. mortal.ty- or en.ropy-associated in.l.mmation. IR deregul.tion.i

关键词： Con.eptual.zation Con.extual.zation Operation.l.zation Body Temperature Pul.e Respiration Bl.od Pressure Pain Resil.en.e

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