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The Use of Clay as a Methane Emission Mitigating Feed Additive in DjallonkéRams

Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第10期6卷 1176-1185页

作者： Armel Laibi Marcel Senou Etienne Sagbo Mohamed Dahouda virgil ahyi Gado Tchangbedji Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Campus Universitaire d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Campus Universitaire d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Institut Régional du Génie Industriel des Biotechnologies IRGIB Africa Cotonou Bénin Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Four groups each composed of six rams with 15 kg average body weight were submitted to one of the following diet: Panicum maximum C1 (PM), Panicum maximum C1 plus concentrate (PM_Co), Panicum m. C1 plus clay (PM_Ar ) and Panicum maximum C1 plus concentrate plus clay (PM_Co_Ar). The concentrate is composed of 90% weat bran, 9.25% cottonseed cake, 0.5% premix and 0.25 cooking salt. The clay used was a mixture of 59% smectite, 14% kaolinite and 27% quartz. The significance of treatments on variation in physico-chemical characteristics (ruminal pH and concentration of ammonia nitrogen), as well as in the rumen fermentation profile i.e. Volatile Fatty Acid concentration and in the enteric methane (CH4) production, depending on the rumen fluid collection time (at 9 o’clock and 13 o’clock), were studied using AOV. The highest ruminal pH was recorded in animals fed the mixture of Panicum plus clay, which is 7.02 ± 0.12 against 6.96 ± 0.12, 6.8 ± 0.06 and 6.69 ± 0.15, respectively in animals fed with PM, PM_Co and PM_Co_Ar. Incorporation of clay in the mixture of Panicum C1 plus concentrate had a stabilizing effect on ruminal pH. A significant decrease in the concentration of ruminal N-NH3 was recorded with PM_Ar (56.6 ± 15.2 g/ml), compared to PM (89.0 ± 18.9 g/ml). However, the ruminal N-NH3 concentration of animals fed the PM_Co diet (71.0 ± 15.1g /ml) increased in comparison to that of the PM_Co_Ar diet fed animals. Compared to the enteric methane concentration of the PM ration fed animals, the decrease of CH4 concentration was 2% - 5%, 7% - 11% and 19% - 23% respectively in the PM_Ar, the PM_Co and the PM_Co_Ar diets fed rams. These results suggest that the methane reducing effect of clay might be emphasized by the concentrate supplementation of the diet.

关键词： Greenhouse Gases Djallonké Rams Methanogenesis Clay Supplementation

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Peroxide Index, Trans Fatty Acids, Acrylamide and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pah) Contents in Frying Oils and Fried Tuna Fish Involved in “Garba” Production in Côte d’Ivoire

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第8期10卷 947-962页

作者： Massogbè Diabate Daouda Nimaga Charlemagne Nindjin virgile ahyi Joseph Dossou N’Guessan Geoges Amani Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Transformation (LBATPT) University of Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Department of Engineering Agronomy Forest and Environment University of Man Man C&#244 te d’Ivoire Laboratory of IRGIB Africa Institute IRGIB Africa Institute of Cotonou Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Food Processing Bioengineering (LABIOPA) University of Abomey Calavi Cotonou Benin

This current study aims at determining the profile and contents of degradation compounds produced during the interaction between the frying oils and tuna fish involved in the cooking of “Garba”, a street food largely consumed in Côte d’Ivoire. For this purpose, the peroxide index and the neoformed compounds, especially trans fatty acids, acrylamid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined. This trial was carried out on 90 samples of frying oils and fried tuna fish collected from restaurant owners of “Garba” food in three locations in Abidjan. The samples were divided into three groups (G1, G2, and G3) according to the similarity of the practices adopted by the restorers. The results show that the peroxide values (14.95;15.01 and 11.97 meqO2/kg) of the oils respectively for G2, G3, and G1 are higher than the values fixed by the Codex Alimentarius. The trans fatty acid contents of the frying oils were 56.80%;61.01% and 55.18% respectively for G3, G2 and G1. The average acrylamide content of fried Tuna (69.43 μg/kg) is higher than the value recorded in the cooking oil (19.99 μg/kg). The average contents of the eleven HAPs determined in the oils are higher than those of the Tuna. The Benzo (a) pyrene contents of both matrices are lower than the EU standard 1881/2011 except for the G2 oil (2.66 μg/kg). Increased consumption of “Garba” may pose health risks to consumers as practices of frying Tuna generate compounds that are harmful to human health.

关键词： Garba Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Trans-Fatty Acids Acrylamide

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加拿大艾伯塔省福克斯克里克附近潜在水压致裂诱发地震的震源分析

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世界地震译丛 2017年第3期48卷 191-203页

作者： Ruijia Wang Yu Jeffrey Gu Ryan Schultz ahyi Kim Gail Atkinson 邹长桥（译）朱玉萍（校）不详中国地震局地球物理勘探中心中国地震局地球物理研究

2015年6月13日,在加拿大西部艾伯塔省中部发生了4.4级(M_L)地震,这是2015年福克斯克里克附近页岩气勘探区发生的第三次有感地震事件。我们对该区域宽频带数据进行地震矩张量反演得到的结果显示为近垂直于断层走向的强走滑机制解。地震... 详细信息

2015年6月13日,在加拿大西部艾伯塔省中部发生了4.4级(M_L)地震,这是2015年福克斯克里克附近页岩气勘探区发生的第三次有感地震事件。我们对该区域宽频带数据进行地震矩张量反演得到的结果显示为近垂直于断层走向的强走滑机制解。地震矩张量解的分解绝大多数是双力偶,而补偿线性向量偶极作用甚微(约20%)。此次地震的震源深度是3~4km,靠近沉积层底部,其矩震级(M=3.9)远小于最初报道的M_L值。震源位置、深度和震源机制有利于证明此次地震与迪韦奈页岩区域水压致裂作业之间存在潜在联系。

关键词：诱发地震水压致裂震源深度克里克福克斯加拿大地震矩张量反演塔

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