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Using Pyroxasulfone for Downy Brome (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>L.) Control in Winter Wheat

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 2367-2378页

作者： vipan kumar Prashant Jha Amit J. Jhala Department of Research Centers Southern Agricultural Research Center Montana State University Bozeman MT USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

Downy brome is one of the most troublesome weeds in no-till wheat production systems of the US Great Plains. Pyroxasulfone is a relatively new, soil-applied residual herbicide (root/shoot growth inhibitor) labeled for use in wheat. Multiple field experiments were conducted near Huntley, MT from 2012 through 2016 to determine the efficacy of pyroxasulfone to control downy brome in imidazolinone (IMI)-tolerant (Clearfield™) winter wheat. Pyroxasulfone did not cause any injury to wheat in any of the three studies. Downy brome injury with pyroxasulfone preemergence (PRE) only program did not differ between 89 or 178 g·ai (active ingredient)·ha-1 rates, and averaged 82% and 84% in 2 separate studies. In a preplant (PP) burndown program, the addition of pyroxasulfone (178 g·ai·ha-1) to glyphosate improved downy brome end-season injury from 15% to 74%. In a separate study, the end-season injury with pyroxasulfone was greater when applied PRE (84%) compared to the delayed PRE (DPRE) timing (74%). In addition, the water dispersible granule (WDG) formulation of pyroxasulfone performed slightly better than the suspension concentrate (SC) formulation for downy brome injury. Pyroxasulfone applied PRE in the fall at a rate of 89 g·ai·ha-1 followed by (fb) imazamox (44 g·ai·ha-1 rate) applied postemergence (POST) in the spring effectively controlled downy brome (99% end-season injury). Furthermore, the injury was consistent with the standard program comprising of propoxycarbazone (29 g·ai·ha-1) PRE fb imazamox POST in IMI-tolerant winter wheat. In conclusion, pyroxasulfone applied PRE in the fall can be effectively utilized in conjunction with a standard acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor-based POST herbicide program for a season-long downy brome management in winter wheat.

关键词： Downy Brome Pyroxasulfone Soil-Applied Herbicide Herbicide Rate Application Timing Formulation Wheat

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Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides for Crop Safety and Weed Control in Safflower

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 2358-2366页

作者： Prashant Jha vipan kumar Charlemagne A. Lim Ramawatar Yadav Southern Agricultural Research Center Department of Research Centers Montana State University Bozeman MT USA

Weed management in safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) is a major challenge for growers due to very limited herbicide options available, particularly for broadleaf weed control. Field experiments were conducted at the Montana State University Southern Agricultural Research Center (MSU-SARC) near Huntley, MT in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate preemergence (PRE) soil-residual herbicides for crop safety and season-long broadleaf weed control in safflower. Among all herbicide programs tested, only sulfentrazone (105 g·ai·ha-1) alone or with pendimethalin (1064 g·ai·ha-1) caused 4% to 12% early-season visible injury to safflower, although the injury was not evident beyond 30 DAT. Sulfentrazone alone or with pendimethalin and pyroxasulfone (59 g·ai·ha-1) with pendimethalin had a season-long residual activity on kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad] and Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus L), with 89% to 99% control at 60 DAT, and up to 98% reduction in weed density compared with dimethenamid-P (213 g·ai·ha-1) and S-metolachlor (433 g·ai·ha-1) at 65 DAT. Pyroxasulfone (59 or 118 g·ai·ha-1) alone or dimethenamid-P with pendimethalin provided a moderate to good control (65% to 79% at 60 DAT) of kochia and Russian-thistle. However, the end-season control of kochia or Russian-thistle was inadequate ( S-metolachlor alone program. Safflower grain yield with sulfentrazone alone or with pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone alone or with pendimethalin, and dimethenamid-P with pendimethalin averaged 3559 kg·ha-1, which was 195% higher compared with the nontreated check. In conclusion, sulfentrazone and pyroxasulfone or dimethenamid-P in combination with pendimethalin will be effective PRE herbicide programs for kochia and Russian-thistle control in safflower.

关键词： Safflower Weed Control Preemergence Herbicide Kochia Russian-Thistle

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Standardized gum tapping techniques to maximize yield from high-value Indian tree,Sterculia urens

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 615-619页

作者： Amol Vasishth vipan Guleria Department of Forest Products&Utilization College of Horticulture&ForestryJhalrapatan-JhalawarRajasthan 326023India Regional Horticulture Research&Training Station Jachh DistrictKangraHimachal PradeshIndia

Industrial applications of natural gums have been expanding tremendously, so gum collection from trees provides an important livelihood for local dwellers in drought-prone Rajasthan and its surroundings states. Traditional gum tapping is crude and unscientific; deep incision, untimely extraction and high concentration of chemicals in gum have affected Sterculia urens species in its natural habitat. In studies 2 years on trees having diameter at breast height 〉40 cm from natural stands to maximize gum collection and standardize the tapping method （bore holes vs. V blazes）, tapping season, chemical and concentration, different tapping techniques were tes- ted. For tapping maximum gum was collected using bore hole. Ethephon was better as extraction chemical than sulphuric acid. Bore-hole tapping with a 5-cm hole and ethephon at 300 mg/mL yielded the most gum （135.20 g/ tree）. Ethephon at 300 mg/mL yielded the most gum. Ethephon induced gummosis without affecting the health of tree. Tapping seasons also significantly affected the gum yield; the most gum was obtained in April-June.

关键词： Bore-hole tapping Ethephon Natural gum Sterculia urens Tapping

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Paediatric cornea crosslinking current strategies:A review

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2023年第2期3卷 55-62页

作者： Pawan Prasher Ashok Sharma Rajan Sharma vipan K.Vig Verinder S.Nirankari Department of Ophthalmology Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and ResearchAmritsarPunjabIndia Cornea Centre SCO 2463-2464Sector 22 C160022ChandigarhIndia Amritsar Eye Hospital GNDU Shopping ComplexAmritsarPunjabIndia Department of Ophthalmology University of MarylandUSA

Background:In the general population,1 in 2000 people has *** and other people from Southeast Asia have a higher incidence of *** with keratoconus typically present earlier in life and with a more severe *** the eyes has been identified as a risk *** have a higher incidence and a faster rate of keratoconus *** rehabilitation in children with keratoconus is *** have a low compliance with contact lens *** of these children require penetrating keratoplasty at an early ***,stopping the progression of keratoconus in children is of paramount *** text:Compared to treatment,keratoconus progression prophylaxis is not only preferable,but also *** collagen cross-linking has been shown to be safe and effective in stopping its progression in *** Dresden protocol,which involves central corneal deepithelization(7-9 mm),saturation of the stroma with riboflavin(0.25%),and 30 min UV-A exposure,has proven to be the most *** significant disadvantages of the typical Dresden regimen are the prolonged operating time and the significant post-operative ***-CXL(9 mW/cm^(2) x 10 min)has been studied to reduce operative time and has been shown to be equally effective in some *** to accelerated CXL or traditional CXL,epi-off procedures,transepithelial treatment without the need for de-epithelialization and without postoperative discomfort,have been shown to be safer but less *** crosslinking should only be performed after treating children with active vernal *** opacity,chronic corneal edema,sterile infiltrates,and microbial keratitis have been reported after cross-linking of corneal ***:The"Dresden protocol",also known as the conventional corneal cross-linking approach,should be used to halt the progression of keratoconus in young ***,if the procedure needs to

关键词： Keratoconus Corneal collagen cross-linking Corneal transplant Pediatric keratoconus

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Soil Informatics for Evaluating and Mapping SoilProductivity Index in an Intensively CultivatedArea of Punjab, India

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第1期4卷 71-76页

作者： Raj Setia vipan Verma Pawan Sharma 不详

Soil Informatics, the GIS-based decision-support system, helps to establish the potentials and limitations of different soils for crop production. A new methodology combining soil survey indices with available nutrients (P and K) was developed to evaluate soil productivity. Physiographic-soil map was generated by interpretation of IRS 1C/1D LISS III satellite data and soil survey in an agricultural region of Punjab, India. Georeferenced surface (0 m - 0.15 m) soil samples were collected from 267 sites using Global Positioning System (GPS). Available P (Olsen P) content varied from 5.49 kg?ha–1 to 67.0 kg?ha–1 and available K (1N NH4OAc extractable K) from 44.8 kg?ha–1 to 784 kg?ha–1. The nutrient maps (P and K) generated using ArcGIS clearly point out the specific locales where deficiency of nutrients constrained crop production. Multi nutrient (PK) map indicated that the combined P and K deficiency at a single place was negligible. The productivity index was computed by taking into account soil texture and available nutrients to evaluate the productivity of soils in each mapping unit. This approach is proposed as a method for the evaluation of sustainable soil management.

关键词： Macro Nutrient Soil GIS Remote Sensing Soil Productivity

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Soil Informatics for Evaluating and Mapping Soil Productivity Index in an Intensively Cultivated Area of Punjab, India

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Journal of Geographic Information System（地理信息系统） 2012年第1期

作者： Raj Setia vipan Verma Pawan Sharma

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