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The ecology of predispersal insect herbivory on tree reproductive structures in natural forest ecosystems

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 182-198页

作者： Thomas Boivir violette Doublet Jean-Noel Candau Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste Marie Ontario Canada URFM INRA Avignon FranceGreat Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste Marie Ontario Canada

Plant-insect interactions are key model systems to assess how some species affect the distribution, the abundance, and the evolution of others. Tree reproductive structures represent a critical resource for many insect species, which can be likely drivers of demography, spatial distribution, and trait diversification of plants. In this review, we present the ecological implications of predispersal herbivory on tree reproductive structures by insects (PIHR) in forest ecosystems. Both insect's and tree's perspectives are addressed with an emphasis on how spatiotemporal variation and unpredictability in seed availability can shape such particular plant-animal interactions. Reproductive structure insects show strong trophic specialization and guild diversification. Insects evolved host selection and spatiotemporal dispersal strategies in response to variable and unpredictable abundance of reproductive structures in both space and time. If PIHR patterns have been well documented in numerous systems, evidences of the subsequent demographic and evolutionary impacts on tree populations are still constrained by time-scale challenges of experimenting on such long-lived organisms, and modeling approaches of tree dynamics rarely consider PIHR when including biotic interactions in their processes. We suggest that spatially explicit and mechanistic approaches of the interactions between individual tree fecundity and in sect dynamics will clarify predictions of the demogenetic implications of PIHR in tree populations. In a global change context, further experimental and theoretical contributions to the likelihood of life-cycle disruptions between plants and their specialized herbivores, and to how these changes may gen erate novel dynamic patterns in each partner of the interaction are increasingly critical.

关键词： diapause dispersal forest dynamics masting predispersal seed predation plant-insect interactions

“violette的礼仪课堂”之开篇——时代呼唤礼仪

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检察风云 2005年第16期 74-75页

作者： violette

时代在发展,世界趋向和融,如何看待中西文化差异,有选择地吸收西方礼仪?有志于成为绅士淑女的读者朋友,欢迎光临violette的礼仪课堂。

关键词：绅士 violette 手套社交场合欧贝手机维多利亚澳大利亚

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Phenotyping by Cluster Analysis: Typical Sleepy, Obese Middle-aged Men with Desaturating Events are A Minority of Patients in A Multi-ethnic Cohort of 33% Women

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Current Medical Science 2021年第4期41卷 729-736页

作者： Chloe Van Overstraeten Fabio Andreozzi Sidali Ben Youssef Ionela Bold Sarah Carlier Alexia Gruwez Anne-violette Bruyneel Marie Bruyneel Department of Pulmonary Medicine Saint-Pierre University HospitalUniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrussels1000Belgium Department of Pulmonary Medicine Brugmann University HospitalUniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrussels1020Belgium KiCarre Research DepartmentLentilly 69210France

Objective Several clinical obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)phenotypes associated with heterogeneous cardiovascular risk profiles have been recently *** purpose of this study was to identify clusters amongst these profiles that allow for the differentiation of *** This retrospective study included all moderate-to-severe OSAS patients referred to the sleep unit over a 5-year ***,symptom,comorbidity,polysomnographic,and continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)adherence data were *** analyses were performed to identify clusters of *** A total of 567 patients were included(67%men,54±13 years,body mass index:32±7 kg/m2,65%Caucasian,32%European African).Five clusters were identified:less severe OSAS(n=172);healthier severe OSAS(n=160);poorly sleeping OSAS patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities(n=87);younger obese men with sleepiness at the wheel(n=94);sleepy obese men with very severe desaturating OSAS and cardiometabolic comorbidities(n=54).Patients in clusters 3 and 5 were older than those in clusters 2 and 4(P=0.034).Patients in clusters 4 and 5 were significantly more obese than those in the other clusters(P=0.04).No significant differences were detected in terms of symptoms and *** profiles were very discriminating between *** adherence was similar in all clusters but,among adherent patients,daily usage was more important in cluster 1(less severe patients)than in cluster *** This study highlights that the typical sleepy obese middle-aged men with desaturating events represent only a minority of patients in our multi-ethnic moderate-to-severe OSAS cohort of 33%females.

关键词： obstructive sleep apnea syndrome polysomnography continuous positive airway pressure cluster analysis sleep disturbance cardiovascular risk

“At Least Your Baby Is Healthy” Obstetric Violence or Disrespect and Abuse in Childbirth Occurrence Worldwide: A Literature Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第11期10卷 1544-1562页

作者： violette Perrotte Arun Chaudhary Annekathryn Goodman Massachusetts General Hospital Boston USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yawkey Boston Massachusetts USA

Obstetric violence or disrespect and abuse in childbirth is a worldwide phenomenon that takes on various forms, from absence of informed consent to physical harm. The objective of this review is to assess prevalence and root causes of obstetric violence in different countries, and potential solutions to address disrespect and abuse in childbirth. The review finds that obstetric violence is rooted in a patriarchal understanding of gender stereotypes and is exacerbated by power dynamics between health professionals and patients, especially for minorities. Obstetric violence has a long-lasting impact on women’s lives and can jeopardize subsequent decisions to access healthcare services.

关键词： Obstetric Violence Disrespect and Abuse Childbirth Women

Survival after Sexual Violence and Genocide: Trauma and Healing for Yazidi Women in Northern Iraq

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Health 2020年第6期12卷 612-628页

作者： Annekathryn Goodman Hannah Bergbower violette Perrotte Arun Chaudhary Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Strength & Serenity MGH Initiative to End Gender Based Violence Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Integral Global Atlanta GA USA Strength & Serenity MGH Initiative to End Gender Based Violence Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Strength & Serenity MGH Initiative to End Gender Based Violence Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA

Introduction: In August 2014, the Yazidi community of Sinjar, in the Nineveh Governorate of Northern Iraq, was brutally targeted by the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) for annihilation through murder, torture, and the systematic and premeditated use of rape and sexual slavery of Yazidi women. In 2016, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights concluded that ISIS was committing genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes against Yazidis. Methods: Using current international literature, which includes reviews, qualitative interviews of survivors, and reports from medical and humanitarian actors, this paper explores the short and potentially long-term physical and mental health consequences of the extreme physical and sexual violence and atrocities perpetrated against Yazidi women. Results: dana;">dana;">dana;">Yazidi women survivors of kidnapping, sex slavery, and rape experienced significant levels of physical ailments, chronic pain, and mental health conditions. All women reported feelings of guilt, stress, insomnia, and severe flashb

关键词： Rape Rape as a Weapon of War Sexual Violence Sexual Slavery Kidnapping ISIS ISIL daESH Yazidi Genocide

Quality of terrestrial data derived from UAV photogrammetry:A case study of Hetao irrigation district in northern China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第3期11卷 171-177页

作者： Hongming Zhang Jiangtao Yang Jantiene E.M.Baartman Shuqin Li Bei Jin Wenting Han Xiaomei Yang Lingtong Gai Coen J.Ritsema violette Geissen College of Information Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina College of Economics and Management Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Soil Physics and Land Management Group Wageningen UniversityPO Box 476700AA Wageningenthe Netherlands

Most crops in northern China are irrigated,but the topography affects the water use,soil erosion,runoff and *** for collecting high-resolution topographic data are essential for adequately assessing these *** surveys and techniques of light detection and ranging have good accuracy,but data acquisition can be time-consuming and expensive for large *** rapid technological development has provided new,flexible,high-resolution methods for collecting topographic data,such as photogrammetry using unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).The accuracy of UAV photogrammetry for generating high-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM)and for determining the width of irrigation channels,however,has not been assessed.A fixed-wing UAV was used for collecting high-resolution(0.15 m)topographic data for the Hetao irrigation district,the third largest irrigation district in China.112 ground checkpoints(GCPs)were surveyed by using a real-time kinematic global positioning system to evaluate the accuracy of the DEMs and channel widths.A comparison of manually measured channel widths with the widths derived from the DEMs indicated that the DEM-derived widths had vertical and horizontal root mean square errors of 13.0 and 7.9 cm,*** photogrammetric data can thus be used for land surveying,digital mapping,calculating channel capacity,monitoring crops,and predicting yields,with the advantages of economy,speed and ease.

关键词： UAVs GIS DEM irrigation area photogrammetry accuracy evaluation