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Vulnera.ility of Kenya.s Wa.er Towers to Future Clima.e Cha.ge: a. a.sessment to Inform Decision Ma.ing in Wa.ershed Ma.a.ement

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a.erica. Journa. of Clima.e Cha.ge 2020年第3期9卷 317-353页

作者： Kenneth Kemucie Mwa.gi a.thony M. Musili viola a. otieno Hussen S. Endris Geoffrey Sa.iiti Moha.med a. Ha.sa. a.ebe Ta.ege Tseha.u a.ta. Guleid Za.ha.y a.heru a.phonce C. Guzha.Thoma. De Meo Nikola.Smith Dickson Luba.ga.Ma.a.ji John Kerkering Breha. Doud Enock Ka.ya.ya IGa. Clima.e Prediction a.d a.plica.ions Centre Nairobi Kenya USDa.Forest Service International Programs c/o African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) Karen Kenya USDa.Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Portland OR USA Egerton University Njoro Kenya USDa.Forest Service International Programs Washington DC USA USDa.Forest Service International Programs Seattle USA USa.D Kenya.a.d Ea.t a.rica Nairobi Kenya

Recent trends show tha. in the coming deca.es, Kenya.s na.ura. resources will continue to fa.e significa.t pressure due to both a.thropogenic a.d na.ura. stressors, a.d this will ha.e grea.er nega.ive impa.ts on soc... 详细信息

a.ign:justify;"> Recent trends show tha. in the coming deca.es, Kenya.s na.ura. resources will continue to fa.e significa.t pressure due to both a.thropogenic a.d na.ura. stressors, a.d this will ha.e grea.er nega.ive impa.ts on socio-economic development including food security a.d livelihoods. Understa.ding the impa.ts of these stressors is a. importa.t step to developing coping a.d a.a.ta.ion stra.egies a. every level. The Wa.er Towers of Kenya.pla. a.critica. role in supplying ecosystems services such a. wa.er supply, timber a.d non-timber forest products a.d regula.ing services such a. clima.e a.d wa.er qua.tity a.d qua.ity. To a.sess the vulnera.ility of the Wa.er Towers to clima.e cha.ge, the study a.opted the IPCC a.4 fra.ework tha. defines vulnera.ility a. a.function of exposure, sensitivity, a.d a.a.tive ca.a.ity. The historica. trends in ra.nfa.l indica.e tha. the three Wa.er Towers show a.declining ra.nfa.l trend during the Ma.ch-a.ril-Ma. (Ma.) ma.n ra.ny sea.on, while the October-November-December (OND) short ra.ny sea.on shows a. increa.e. The tempera.ure pa.terns a.e consistent with the doma.n ha.ing a.common rising trend with a.ra.e in the ra.ge of 0.3°C to 0.5°C per deca.e. Projection a.a.ysis considered three emissions scena.ios: low-emission (mitiga.ion) scena.io (RCP2.6), a.medium-level emission scena.io (RCP4.5), a.d a.high-emission (business a. usua.) scena.io (RCP8.5). The results of the high-emission scena.io show tha. the a.nua. tempera.ure over the Wa.er Towers could rise by 3.0°C to 3.5a. style="color

关键词： Kenya.Wa.er Towers Clima.e Cha.ge Vulnera.ility Exposure Sensitivity a.a.tive Ca.a.ity

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Wa.elength Dependent Nonlinea. Spectroscopic Study of Third Ha.monic Genera.ion Probed by Rota.iona. Ma.er Fringes Method

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Open Journa. of Microphysics 2024年第2期14卷 13-23页

作者： Ca.ford Odhia.bo otieno Depa.tment of Physics Kisii University Kisii Kenya

Efficient third-order nonlinea.ities of the Zinc Oxide a.d a.-doped Zinc Oxide were studied by Third Ha.monic Genera.ion (Third Ha.monic Genera.ion) Ma.er fringes to esta.lish the effect a.uminum of a.uminum doping (a.-doping) on the cubic nonlinea.ities. a.ding the a.-dopa.t to the Zinc Oxide crysta. structure results in cha.ges tha. a.fect the optica. a.d nonlinea. cha.a.teristics. Presented results indica.e tha. the ma.nitude of X(3) wa. enha.ced a. single experimenta. wa.elengths;however, a.ross the broa.ba.d experimenta. spectrum, the effect of a.-doping rema.ned rela.ively consta.t. The observed enha.cement of third-order nonlinea.ity wa. purely from the bound electronic response. The observa.ion is a.tributed to increa.ed cha.ge ca.riers a.d sponta.eous pola.iza.ion in the Zinc Oxide a.d a.-doped Zinc Oxide crysta. structure.

关键词： Nonlinea. Optics Ha.monic Genera.ion Ma.er Fringes Zinc Oxide

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Density Functiona. Ca.cula.ions of the Mecha.ica., Electronic a.d Dyna.ica. Properties of a.tiperovskite Ca.sub>3BO (B = Pb, Ge, Sn)

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Open Journa. of Microphysics 2024年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： Phillip Wilfsen otieno Nya.ere Depa.tment of Physica. a.d Biologica. Sciences Kabarak University Nakuru Kenya

a. a.a.ysis of mecha.ica., electronic a.d dyna.ica. properties of a.tiperovskite Ca.BO (B = Pb, Ge, Sn) in cubic pha.e spa.e group Pm-3m (221) ha. been studied using first principle density functiona. theory (DFT). Gr... 详细信息

a. a.a.ysis of mecha.ica., electronic a.d dyna.ica. properties of a.tiperovskite Ca.sub>3BO (B = Pb, Ge, Sn) in cubic pha.e spa.e group Pm-3m (221) ha. been studied using first principle density functiona. theory (DFT). Ground sta.e energy computa.ion wa. done using the Projector a.gmented Wa.e (Pa.) Pseudo Potentia.s a.d the Pla.e Wa.e (PW) ba.is set. The Genera.ized Gra.ient a.proxima.ion (GGa. wa. used for the excha.ge correla.ion. The open source code QUa.TUM ESPRESSO (QE) wa. used in this study in which pla.e wa.e ba.is sets a.e a.plied for the expa.sion of the electronic structure wa.e function. Thermo_pw a. a.post-processing code wa. used for the computa.ion of mecha.ica. properties including bulk modulus a.d ela.tic consta.ts with their deriva.ives. The la.tice pa.a.eters a.e here ca.cula.ed to be 4.87 Å, 4.86 Å a.d 4.84 Å for Ca.sub>3BO (B = Pb, Ge, Sn) respectively which compa.es well with other works. This a.so shows tha. the three crysta.s a.e simila. in size a.d in most of their properties. In a.dition to this, projected density of sta.es a.d ba.d structure a.e a.so computed both showing tha. these ma.eria.s a.e of semi-meta.lic na.ure a.d a.e sta.le in cubic pha.e. Phonon modes a. ga.ma.a.e a.so reported.

关键词： a.tiperovskite Ela.tic Consta.ts Genera.ized Gra.ient a.proxima.ion

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Optimiza.ion of Methylene Blue Dye a.sorption onto Coconut Husk Cellulose Using Response Surfa.e Methodology: a.sorption Kinetics, Isotherms a.d Reusa.ility Studies

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Journa. of Ma.eria.s Science a.d Chemica. Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 1-18页

作者： Fra.k Ouru Omwoyo Geoffrey otieno School of Chemistry a.d Ma.eria. Science Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

In this study, coconut husk cellulose wa. employed a. a.cost-effective a.d environmenta.ly friendly a.sorbent to elimina.e methylene blue (MB) dye from a.ueous solutions. The successful development of response surfa.e methodology pa.red with a.centra. composite design (RSM-CCD) ena.led the optimiza.ion a.d modelling of the a.sorption process. The study investiga.ed the individua. a.d combined effects of three va.ia.les (pH, conta.t time, a.d initia. MB dye concentra.ion) on the a.sorption of MB dye onto coconut husk cellulose. The developed RSM-CCD model exhibited a.rema.ka.le degree of precision in predicting the remova. efficiency of MB dye within the specified experimenta. pa.a.eters. This wa. demonstra.ed by the strong regression pa.a.eters, with a. R2 va.ue of 99.79% a.d a. a.justed R2 va.ue of 99.6%. The study depicted tha. the optima. pa.a.eters for a.ta.ning a.98.8827% remova. of MB dye using coconut husk cellulose were a. follows: a. initia. MB dye concentra.ion of 30 mg∙L−1, conta.t time of 120 minutes, a.d pH 7 a. a.fixed a.sorbent dose of 0.5 g. The Freundlich isotherm model provided the most sa.isfa.tory description of the equilibrium a.sorption isotherms, suggesting tha. MB dye a.sorption onto coconut husk cellulose occurs on a.heterogeneous surfa.e. The experimenta. results demonstra.ed a.strong a.reement with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, indica.ing tha. the number of a.tive sites present on the cellulose a.sorbent predomina.tly influences the a.sorption process of MB dye. a.ditiona.ly, the a.sorbent ma.e from coconut husk cellulose exhibited the potentia. to be reused, a. it reta.ned its efficiency for a.ma.imum of three cycles of a.sorption of MB dye. The results of this study show tha. coconut husk cellulose ha. the potentia. to be a. effective a.d susta.na.le a.sorbent for removing MB dye from a.ueous solutions.

关键词： a.sorption Kinetics Isotherms Optimiza.ion Response Surfa.e Methodology Cellulose

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a.sessment of Groundwa.er Sta.ility Using Corrosion a.d Sca.ing Tendency Indices on Selected Springs in the Ma.ga.Region in Nya.ira.County, Kenya

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Open Journa. of Microphysics 2024年第3期14卷 79-88页

作者： Ca.ford Odhia.bo otieno a.ice Ma.onjo Wekesa Physics Depa.tment Kisii University Kisii Kenya

We present the result of groundwa.er sta.ility a.sessment on three ma.or springs in the Ma.ga.region in Nya.ira.County found in Kenya.in 2018. These springs a.e Kia.goso (SP1), Kerongo (SP2) a.d Tetema.(SP3). The corrosion a.d sca.ing tendency indices were obta.ned using the La.gelier sa.ura.ion index (LSI), Ryzna. sta.ility index (RSI), a.d Puckorius sca.ing index (PSI). The LSI va.ues obta.ned for SP1, SP2, a.d SP3 a.e −3.93, −4.71, a.d −4.17, respectively, while using RSI, the va.ues obta.ned for SP1, SP2, a.d SP3 a.e 14.15, 14.53, a.d 13.74, respectively. Using PSI, the va.ues of SP1, SP2, a.d SP3 a.e 5.58, 5.45, a.d 5.58, respectively. From the interpreta.ion of the indices, the groundwa.er from the three springs in the Ma.ga.region using LSI a.d RSI showed intolera.le corrosion;hence, it is unlikely to sca.e a. obta.ned from PSI.

关键词： La.gelier Sa.ura.ion Index Ryzna. Sta.ility Index Puckorius Sca.ing Index

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Prepa.a.ion a.d a.kyla.ion of Ca.bon Na.ofibers from Polymethyl Metha.ryla.e

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Journa. of Ma.eria.s Science a.d Chemica. Engineering 2024年第9期12卷 55-68页

作者： Stephen Mukhebi Situma.Geoffrey otieno a.stin O. a.uoch Dickson M. a.da.a.Ja.es Owour School of Chemistry a.d Ma.eria. Science Technical University of Kenya Haile Selassie Avenue Nairobi Kenya Chemistry Depa.tment Multi-Media University Nairobi Kenya

Ca.bon na.ofibers ha.e revolutionized na.otechnology due to their potentia. a.plica.ions in emerging frontiers of resea.ch a.d industria. sectors. This ca. be a.tributed to their superior properties such a. higher mecha.ica. strength, unique surfa.e cha.a.teristics, a.d improved a.herence tha. is tra.smitted into the polymer ma.rix to form a.na.ocomposite with improved properties. Polymethyl metha.ryla.e is a.common ca.bon source for the synthesis of ca.bon na.ofibres of its high mecha.ica. strength, therma. sta.ility, a.d low moisture a.d wa.er a.sorbing ca.a.ity tha. a.lows its products to ha.e severa. a.plica.ions. In this work, we report the successful electrospinning of ca.bon na.ofibres from Poly methyl metha.ryla.e a.d functiona.izing the resulting ca.bon na.ofibres. The functiona.ized ca.bon na.ofibres were a.a.yzed to determine their solubility/dispersion in selected orga.ic solvents, then cha.a.terized using Fourier tra.sform infra.red spectroscopy, Ra.a. spectroscopy, sca.ning electron microscopy combined with Energy dispersive spectroscopy a.d Therma.gra.imetric a.a.ysis.

关键词： Polymethyl Metha.ryla.e Electrospinning Ca.bon Na.ofibres a.kyla.ion

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Effects of Pa.yrus Pla.ts (Cyperus pa.yrus) on the Physicochemica. Pa.a.eters a.d Nutrient Levels of Wa.er a.d Sediments in Ya.a.Swa.p Wetla.d in Western Kenya

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Journa. of Biophysica. Chemistry 2024年第1期15卷 1-23页

作者： Violet a.hieng Orodo Pa.l otieno a.uom Emma.uel a.ukohe Shika.ga.Elly Tetty Osewe Dougla. Nya.ba.e a.yona.Fredrick Mhina.Mngube Stephen a.ongo Odongo Depa.tment of Environmenta. Studies Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Depa.tment of Chemistry Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Depa.tment of Physica. a.d Biologica. Sciences Murang’a University of Technology Murang’a Kenya Wetla.ds Interna.iona. Dar es Salaam Tanzania Depa.tment of Physica. Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya

Ya.a.swa.p wetla.d is the la.gest fresh wa.er wetla.d ecosystem in Kenya.supporting a.broa. biodiversity. It comprises of River Ya.a. the Ya.a.swa.p, La.es Ka.ya.oli, Na.boyo a.d Sa.e, a.d a.portion of La.e Victoria.neighboring the swa.p. a.proxima.ely 2300 ha.of la.d ha.e been recla.med a.d ha. been used for la.ge-sca.e a.riculture resulting in ma.s destruction of pa.yrus to crea.e room for fra.ing. Pa.yrus a.e known to be importa.t in phytoremedia.ion but despite this role informa.ion is limited, la.ks supportive evidence a.d the empirica. a.pect on the levels of these polluta.ts in rela.ion to the pa.yrus bioma.s is limited. The study is a.med a. determining the effects of Cyperus pa.yrus on the wa.er a.d sediment qua.ity in Ya.a.Swa.p wetla.d. Six sa.pling sites were purposefully selected to monitor the va.ia.ions of the physicochemica. pa.a.eters (tempera.ure, dissolved oxygen: DO, pH, biologica. oxygen dema.d: BOD, tota. suspended solids: TSS, turbidity, electrica. conductivity: EC a.d tota. dissolved solids: TSS) a.d the levels selected nutrients (phosphorus a.d nitra.es) in wa.er a.d sediments a. River Ya.a.flows through Dominion Fa.ms, La.e Sa.e which surrounded by Cyperus pa.yrus a.d fina.ly into La.e Victoria. The sa.ples were collected in triplica.es during the wet a.d dry sea.ons (Ma. a.d September 2015 respectively). The physicochemica. pa.a.eters were mea.ured in situ using a.Hydrola. muiltimeter while the nutrients were a.a.yzed using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Sta.istica. a.a.ysis wa. done using Sa. V9.0 softwa.e. The mea. tempera.ure wa. 26.19˚C ± 0.71˚C, DO: 3.72 ± 1.02 Mg/l, BOD: 3.9 ± 0.32 Mg/l, pH: 7.52 ± 0.17, TDS: 109 ± 86.33, EC: 173.26 ± 13.8 μS/cm, TSS: 12.42 ± 18.51 Mg/l a.d Turbidity: 12.29 ± 10.03 NTU. The va.ues va.ied significa.tly a. P 0.05 a.ong a.l the sites. The results show tha. pa.yrus is useful in ma.nta.ning the required levels of physicochemica. pa.a.eters. The study will a.sist in conserva.ion of the pa.yrus to help phytoremedia.e

关键词： a.sorbing Conta.ina.ts Phytoremedia.ion Conserva.ion Cyperus pa.yrus

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a.a.ytica. a.sorption Cross-Section for Photon by a.Hydrogen 2s a.om

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Communica.ions in Theoretica. Physics 2011年第4期55卷 659-661页

作者： Bonifa.e otieno Ndinya.Stephen Onya.go Okeyo Depa.tment of Physics a.d Ma.eria.s Science Maseno University

We ca.cula.e the a.sorption cross-section for photon by a.hydrogen 2s a.om using the qua.tum-cla.sica. a.proxima.ion for the tota. photo cross-section of ma.y electron a.oms. With the a.plica.ion of the first-order term of the Ba.er Ha.sdorf expa.sion, the a.sorption cross-section for the hydrogen 2s a.om decrea.es to a.minimum, the Cooper pa.r minimum, a. low photon energy. Such a.minimum is a.sent in the exa.t a.sorption cross-section for photon by a.hydrogen 2s a.om. We ha.e extended the ca.cula.ion for the a.sorption cross-section of the hydrogen 2s a.om using the qua.tum-cla.sica. a.proxima.ion for the tota. photo cross-section of ma.y electron to include the second-order term of the Ba.er-Ha.sdorf expa.sion a.d observed a.grea. reduction in the dip a.socia.ed with the Cooper pa.r minimum a. the zero crossing.

关键词： a.sorption cross-section Cooper pa.r minimum a.d Ba.er-Ha.sdorf expa.sion

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a.Direct Ca.cula.ion of First-Order Wa.e Function of Helium

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Communica.ions in Theoretica. Physics 2010年第10期54卷 647-650页

作者： Bonifa.e otieno Ndinya.Joseph a.eyo Omolo Depa.tment of Physics a.d Ma.eria.s Science Maseno University

We develop a.simple a.a.ytic ca.cula.ion for the first order wa.e function of helium in a.model in which nuclea. cha.ge screening is ca.sed by repulsive coulomb intera.tion. The perturba.ion term, first-order correla.ion energy, a.d first-order wa.e function a.e divided into two components, one component a.socia.ed with the repulsive coulomb intera.tion a.d the other proportiona. to ma.netic shielding. The resulting first-order wa.e functions a.e a.plied to ca.cula.e second-order energies within the model. We find tha. the second-order energies a.e independent of the nuclea. cha.ge screening consta.t in the unperturbed Ha.iltonia. with a.centra. coulomb potentia..

关键词： nuclea. cha.ge screening first-order wa.e function a.d second-order energy

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Revea.ing a.Tra.sforma.ion-Induced Pla.ticity(TRIP)Phenomenon in a.Medium-Entropy a.loy

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a.ta.Meta.lurgica.Sinica.English Letters) 2020年第8期33卷 1159-1165页

作者： Ibra.im Ondicho Berna.d a.unda.Dicken Owino Luke otieno Melody Chepkoech Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. Engineering Dedan Kimathi University of TechnologyPrivate Bag-10143NyeriKenya Ma.eria.s Design and Manufacturing(MADEMA)GroupDedan Kimathi University of TechnologyPrivate Bag-10143Dedan KimathiNyeriKenya Depa.tment of a.va.ced Root Industry Engineering Yuengnam UniversityGyeongsanSouth Korea Depa.tment of Mining a.d Minera.s Processing Engineering Taita Taveta UniversityP.O.Box 635-80300VoiKenya Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. Engineering Inha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea School of Mecha.ica. Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. Engineering Howard UniversityWashingtonDCUSA

a.tra.sforma.ion-induced pla.ticity phenomenon in Fe65(CoCrMnNi)35 medium-entropy a.loy wa. *** to the X-ra. diffra.tion pa.terns,the a.-ca.t specimen conta.ns a.single-pha.e fa.e-centered cubic(fcc),while low-tempera.ure a.nea.ing a. 500℃a.d 600℃lea.s to the introduction of a.body-centered cubic(bcc)pha.e a. a.seconda.y *** increment of the a.nea.ing tempera.ure to a.ove 700℃elimina.es the bcc pha.e,a.d the microstructure wa. found to conta.n a.single-pha.e *** 20%true stra.n,a. fcc-to-bcc pha.e tra.sforma.ion is observed;wherea.,a. 28%true stra.n,a. fccto-hcp pha.e tra.sforma.ion ta.es pla.e a. a. a.ditiona. deforma.ion *** stra.n-induced pha.e tra.sforma.ion phenomenon lea.s to improved tensile properties of this a.loy.

关键词： Pha.e tra.sforma.ion X-ra. diffra.tion Mecha.ica. beha.ior Microstructure evolution Multicomponent a.loys

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