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Algal biomass as a global source of transport fuels:Overview and development perspectives

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2014年第4期24卷 329-339页

作者： Kifayat Ullah Mushtaq Ahmad Sofia vinod Kumar Sharma Pengmei Lu Adam Harvey Muhammad Zafar Shazia Sultana C.n.Anyanwu Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyPark RoadChak ShahzadIslamabadPakistan Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan EnEA Research Centre Trisaia Technical Unit for Trisaia Technologies75026 Rotondella (MT)Italy 4. Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas HydrateGuangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesNo.2Nengyuan RoadWushanTianhe 5. School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced MaterialsNewcastle UniversityMerz CourtNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RUUnited Kingdom 6. National center for energy research and developmentUniversity of NsukkaNigeria

As a result of the global fuel crisis of the early 1970 s,coupled with concerns for the environment,the use of biofuel has been on the increase in many regions throughout the *** present,a total of approximately 30 billion(30×109) liters of biofuel are utilized worldwide annually,although most countries rely hugely on the first generation *** limitations of the first and second generation biofuel gave rise to current interest in algae as a promising alternative to these conventional biofuel *** biomass could provide a lion’s share of the global transport fuel requirements in *** present review highlights some important developments in,and potentials of algaculture as a major biomass resource of the ***,the major constraint to commercial-scale algae farming for energy production is the cost factor,which must be addressed adequately before its potentials can be harnessed.

关键词： Algae Biofuel Economic feasibility Energy production Transport fuels

The Role of Vanadia for the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol over Heteropolymolybdate Supported on Alumina

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催化学报 2011年第11期32卷 1719-1726页

作者： Pasupulet Siva nageswara rao Kasanneni Tirumala Venkateswara rao Potharaju S. SAI PRASAD nakka LInGAIAH Catalysis Laboratory Inorganic and Physical Chemistty Division Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 607 lndia

A series of 12-molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) supported on V2O5 dispersed γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different vanadia loadings were prepared by impregnation and characterized by n2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, in situ laser Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption of nH3 techniques. Their catalytic activities were evaluated for the vapor phase aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity and the conversion of benzyl alcohol depended on the vanadia content while the catalyst with 15 wt% V2O5 content showed optimum activity. The characterization results suggest the presence of well-dispersed V2O5 and partially disintegrated Keggin ions of MPA on the support. In situ Raman studies showed a reduced Mo(IV) species when the catalysts were calcined at high temperatures. The high oxidation activity of the catalysts is related to the synergistic effect between MPA and V2O5.

关键词： molybdophosphoric acid vanadia alumina oxidation benzyl alcohol

Delamination Testing of AlSi10Mg Sandwich Structures with Pyramidal Lattice Truss Core made by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2021年第6期34卷 51-62页

作者： M.nuño J.Bühring M.n.rao K.-U.Schröder Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design RWTH Aachen UniversityWüllnerstraβe 752072 AachenGermany

Sandwich structures possess a high bending stiffness compared to monolithic structures with a similar *** makes them very suitable for lightweight applications,where high stiffness to weight ratios are *** common manufacturing methods of sandwich structures involve adhesive bonding of the core material with the ***,adhesive bonding is prone to delamination,a failure mode that is often difficult to *** paper presents the results of delamination testing of fully additive manufactured(AM)AlSi10Mg sandwich structures with pyramidal lattice truss core using Laser Powder Bed Fusion(LPBF).The faces and struts are 0.5 mm thick,while the core is 2 mm *** inclination of the struts is 45°.To characterise the bonding strength,climbing drum peel tests and out-of-plane tensile tests are *** formulas are derived to predict the expected failure loads and *** analytics and tests are supported by finite element(FE)*** the analytic approach,design guidelines to avoid delamination in AM sandwich structures are *** study presents a critical face sheet thickness to strut diameter ratio for which the structure can *** ratio is mainly influenced by the inclination of the *** peel tests resulted in face yielding,which can also be inferred from the analytics and *** out-of-plane tensile tests didn’t damage the structure.

关键词： Additive Manufacturing Sandwich Structures Pyramidal Lattice Core

Advanced machine learning decision policies for diameter control of carbon nanotubes

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1454-1462页

作者： Rahul rao Jennifer Carpena-núñez Pavel nikolaev Michael A.Susner Kristofer G.Reyes Benji Maruyama Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research LaboratoryWPAFBDaytonOH 45433USA UES Inc.DaytonOH 45423USA Department of Materials Design and Innovation University at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA

The diameters of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCnTs)are directly related to their electronic properties,making diameter control highly desirable for a number of *** we utilized a machine learning planner based on the Expected Improvement decision policy that mapped regions where growth was feasible *** feasible and further optimized synthesis conditions to selectively grow SWCnTs within a narrow diameter *** maximized two ranges corresponding to Raman radial breathing mode frequencies around 265 and 225 cm^(−1)(SWCnT diameters around 0.92 and 1.06 nm,respectively),and our planner found optimal synthesis conditions within a hundred *** post-growth characterization showed high selectivity in the optimized growth experiments compared to the unoptimized growth ***,our planner revealed significantly different synthesis conditions for maximizing the two diameter ranges in spite of their relative *** study shows the promise for machine learning-driven diameter optimization and paves the way towards chirality-controlled SWCnT growth.

关键词： synthesis carbon diameters

Petrology and Sr-nd isotope systematics of the Ahobil kimberlite(Pipe-16)from the Wajrakarur field, Eastern Dharwar craton, southern India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1167-1186页

作者： Abhinay Sharma Alok Kumar Praveer Pankaj Dinesh Pandit Ramananda Chakrabarti n.V.Chalapathi rao EPMA and SEM Laboratories Department of Geology Banaras Hindu University Centre for Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Science

Detailed mineralogical, bulk-rock geochemical and Sr-nd isotopic data for the recently discovered Ahobil kimberlite(Pipe-16) from the Wajrakarur kimberlite field(WKF), Eastern Dharwar craton(EDC),southern India, are presented. Two generations of compositionally distinct olivine, Ti-poor phlogopite showing orangeitic evolutionary trends, spinel displaying magmatic trend-1, abundant perovskite, Tirich hydrogarnet, calcite and serpentine are the various mineral constituents. On the basis of(i) liquidus mineral composition,(ii) bulk-rock chemistry, and(iii) Sr-nd isotopic composition, we show that Ahobil kimberlite shares several characteristic features of archetypal kimberlites than orangeites and lamproites. Geochemical modelling indicate Ahobil kimberlite magma derivation from small-degree melting of a carbonated peridotite source having higher Gd/Yb and lower La/Sm in contrast to those of orangeites from the Eastern Dharwar and Bastar cratons of Indian shield. The T_(Dm) nd model age(～2.0 Ga) of the Ahobil kimberlite is(i) significantly older than those(1.5～1.3 Ga) reported for Wajrakarur and narayanpet kimberlites of EDC,(ii) indistinguishable from those of the Mesoproterozoic EDC lamproites,and(iii) strikingly coincides with the timing of the amalgamation of the Columbia supercontinent. High bulk-rock Fe-Ti contents and wide variation in oxygen fugacity fO_2, as inferred from perovskite oxybarometry, suggest non-prospective nature of the Ahobil kimberlite for diamond.

关键词： Petrology Isotopes Kimberlite Wajrakarur Dharwar craton India

An overview on importance, synthetic strategies and studies of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(HnIW)

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 401-418页

作者： J.VEnKATA VISWAnATH K.J.VEnUGOPAL n.V.SRInIVASA rao A.VEnKATARAMAn Materials Chemistry Laboratory Department of Materials Science Gulbarga University R&D Center Premier Explosive Limited Department of Chemistry Gulbarga University

2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(HnIW), commonly called as CL-20, is a high energy and high density material of keen interest to both commercial and scientific worlds due to its greater insensitivity(reduced sensitivity) along with a positive high heat of formation, which is due to the azanitro groups attached to the skeleton of HnIW and its highly strained cage structure. It plays a remarkable role in modification and replacement of most of the propellant(gun and rocket) preparations. In this report we present the comparative strategies involved in the syntheses of HnIW with respect to economical and environmental aspects. Various methods reported in the literature on the purification of the crude HnIW(α-HnIW) to obtain ε-form of HnIW(high dense/more potential) are consolidated. Understanding of the structure, morphology, energetics, thermal behavior and their modification to meet the applicability(decreased impact sensitivity) determines the industrial application of HnIW. A compilation of the available literature on the aforementioned characteristic properties for obtaining a value added ε-HnIW is discussed here. This overview also reports the literature available on newer forms of HnIW including derivatives and cocrystals,which increase the performance of HnIW.

关键词： High energetic materials Synthetic strategies Caged nitramine Thermal stability Impact sensitivity

Suberin Biopolymer in Rice Root Exodermis Reinforces Preformed Barrier Against Meloidogyne graminicola Infection

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Rice science 2021年第3期28卷 301-312,I0028-I0030页

作者： Divya SInGH Tushar K.DUTTA Tagginahalli n.SHIVAKUMARA Manoranjan DASH Haritha BOLLInEDI Uma rao Division of nematology ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012India Division of Genetics ICARIndian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012India

Exploration of novel genetic resources against root-knot nematode(RKn)is necessary to strengthen the resistance breeding program in cultivated rice,and investigations on the role of genotype-specific root anatomy in conferring a structural barrier against nematode invasion are largely ***,we reported a highly-resistant rice germplasm Phule Radha that conferred remarkably lower RKn parasitic fitness in terms of reduced penetration and delayed development and reproduction when compared with susceptible cultivar *** histological and biochemical analyses,we demonstrated that an enhanced suberin deposition in the exodermal root tip tissue of Phule Radha compared to PB1121 can effectively form a penetrative barrier against RKn infection,and this preformed barrier in the control tissue did not necessarily alter to a greater extent when challenged with RKn *** qRT-PCR analysis,we showed that a number of suberin biosynthesis genes were greatly expressed in the exodermis of Phule Radha compared to *** sum,the present study established the role of rice exodermal barrier system in defense against an important soil-borne pathogen.

关键词： penetration suberin lamellae root-knot nematode rice root exodermis

Hydro-elastic computational analysis of a marine propeller using two-way fluid structure interaction

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第3期7卷 280-291页

作者： V.Rama Krishna Srinivas Prasad Sanaka n.Pardhasaradhi B.Raghava rao naval Science&Technological Laboratory Visakhapatnam532007India Department of Mechanical Engineering V.R.Siddhartha Engineering CollegeVijayawada520007India

Marine propellers have complex geometry and their performance is determined by costly and time consuming open water *** of numerical techniques helps researchers in effective design of *** approaches are used that predicted either hydrodynamic and acoustic response or structural ***-way fluid-structure interaction(FSI)analysis is a very useful approach providing all three responses which helps in the design,analysis and optimization of a *** objective of this paper is to predict the hydro-elastic response of a propeller using two-way FSI on a 0.2m diameter,DTMB-4119 propeller using AnSYS ***-way FSI analysis is carried out using system coupling approach that transfers the data between the structural and fluid *** turbulence effects are captured using the large-eddy simulation(LES)model and the Ffowcs Williams Hawkings(FWH)acoustic model is used for evaluating the sound pressure level(SPL)generated by *** is extended to evaluate the hydro-elastic and acoustic response of the propeller after validating the hydrodynamic performance with the experimental result in the *** results from Two-way FSI analysis are in close agreement when compared with the one-way FSI ***-way FSI can accommodate the peak value of stress and deformation developed during the initial part of the transient solution which is important in the design of *** study reveals that metallic(nAB)propeller can be replaced by a composite *** acoustic response from two-way FSI analysis will be more realistic due to the consideration of hydro-elastic effect of propeller.

关键词： Advance ratio Coupled analysis CFD Marine propeller Hydrodynamic parameters Two-way fluid structure interaction

Choice of laxatives and colonoscopic preparation in pregnant patients from the viewpoint of obstetricians and gastroenterologists

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第48期13卷 6549-6552页

作者： Jeevan vinod Jennifer Bonheur Burton I Korelitz Georgia Panagopoulos Department of Gastroenterology Lenox Hill Hospital New York University School of Medicine

AIM： To elucidate the preferences of gastroenterologists at our institution and compare them to those of obstetricians when making decisions in the pregnant patient, including which type of bowel preparations to use for flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, as well as which laxatives can be used safely.METHODS： Surveys were mailed to all attending gastroenterologists （n = 53） and obstetricians （n = 99） at our institution. Each survey consisted of the 14 most common laxative or motility agents used in pregnancy and inquired about the physician＇s prescribing habits in the past as well as their willingness to prescribe each medication in the future. The survey also listed four common bowel preparations used prior to colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy and asked the physician to rank the order of the preferred agent in each case.RESULTS： With regard to common laxatives, both gastroenterologists and obstetricians favor the use of Metamucil, Colace, and Citrucel. Both groups appear to refrain from using Fleets Phosphosoda and Castor oil. Of note, obstetricians are less inclined to use PEG solution and Miralax, which is not the case ,with gastroenterologists. In terms of comparing bowel preparations for colonoscopy, 50% of gastroenterologists prefer to use PEG solution and 50% avoid the use of Fleets Phosphosoda. Obstetricians seem to prefer Fleets Phosphosoda （20%） and tend to avoid the use of PEG solution （26%）. With regard to bowel preparation for sigmoidoscopy, both groups prefer Fleets enema the most （51%）, while magnesium citrate is used least often （38%）.COnCLUSIOn： It is clear that preferences in the use of bowel cleansing preparations between the two groups exist, but there have not been many case controlled human studies in the pregnant patient that give clear cut indications for using one versus another drug. In light of the challenge of performing controlled trials in pregnant women, more extensive surveys should be undertaken to gather a larger amount of data

关键词： Laxative Pregnancy Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Gastroenterologists Obstetricians