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Discharge water temperature assessment of thermal power plantusing remote sensing techniques

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第2期3卷 172-181页

作者： Priyom Roy Ivaturi n.rao Tapas Ranjan Martha K.vinod Kumar Geosciences Group National Remote Sensing CentreISROHyderabadIndia Environment&Sustainability Coastal Gujarat Power LimitedMundraGujaratInd

Thermal power plants are generally constructed near to sea coast to meet their requirement of coolingwater. The warm water discharge from the thermal power plant is one of the major environmentalconcerns in view of the thermal pollution in the sea water. The temperature limit for the warm waterdischarge from the thermal power plant has to be monitored and controlled. Coastal Gujarat PowerLimited (CGPL) operates (24×7) at an “once-through system” based sea water circulation for powergeneration. The used sea water is then discharged into the sea through an outlet channel. As per environmental norms, the discharge water temperature needs to be maintained below the stipulated “delta”rise (+7 ℃) with respect to ambient sea surface temperature at the inlet. We demonstrate the applicability of thermal remote sensing data in understanding the seasonal and temporal variations of thetemperature difference between the discharge water and the ambient sea water. We used thermal banddata from Landsat-8 satellite imagery to map water surface temperature and create temperature profilesalong the intake and outflow channels (till the sea), to understand the variation of temperature andestimate the “DT” between intake point and various observation points along the outflow. This analysiswas carried out for all 11 months (except June) of the year 2018 to correlate temperature variations withseasonal changes. Tidal conditions during the time of data acquisition were also considered to accountfor the effect of tides on DT. The result shows that the average temperature rise between intake andoutflow are maintained at ~3 ℃ across all the months of 2018, with minor variations in the months ofJuly and August. Further, average temperature drop from outflow to cooling channel (before diaphragm)is seen to be ~2 ℃ across all the months with similar seasonal fluctuations.

关键词： Discharge water Thermal power plant Ambient temperature Landsat 8 Seawater pollution

SWR1 Chromatin-Remodeling Complex Subunits and H2A.Z Have non-overlapping Functions in Immunity and Gene Regulation in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2016年第7期9卷 1051-1065页

作者： Souha Berriri Sreeramaiah n Gangappa and S vinod Kumar Cell and Developmental Biology Department John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Incorporation of the histone variant H2A.Z into nucleosomes by the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex is a critical step in eukaryotic gene regulation. In Arabidopsis, SWRlc and H2A.Z have been shown to con- trol gene expression underlying development and environmental responses. Although they have been implicated in defense, the specific roles of the complex subunits and H2A.Z in immunity are not well under- stood. In this study, we analyzed the roles of the SWRlc subunits, PHOTOPERIOD-InDEPEnDEnT EARLY FLOWERInG1 （PIE1）, ACTIn-RELATED PROTEIn6 （ARP6）, and SWR1 COMPLEX 6 （SWC6）, as well as H2A.Z, in defense and gene regulation. We found that SWRlc components play different roles in resistance to different pathogens. Loss of PIE1 and SWC6 function as well as depletion of H2A.Z led to reduced basal resistance, while loss of ARP6 fucntion resulted in enhanced resistance. We found that mutations in PIE1 and SWC6 resulted in impaired effector-triggered immunity. Mutation in SWRlc components and H2A.Z also resulted in compromised jasmonic acid/ethylene-mediated immunity. Genome-wide expres- sion analyses similarly reveal distinct roles for H2A.Z and SWRlc components in gene regulation, and sug- gest a potential role for PIE1 in the regulation of the cross talk between defense signaling pathways. Our data show that although they are part of the same complex, Arabidopsis SWRlc components could have non-redundant functions in plant immunity and gene regulation.

关键词： arabidopsis SWR1 chromatin remodeling H2A.Z immunity gene regulation

Artificial neural network approach for prediction of stress–strain curve of near b titanium alloy

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Rare Metals 2014年第3期33卷 249-257页

作者： Srinivasu Gangi Setti R.n.rao Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology

In the present study, artificial neural network（Ann） approach was used to predict the stress-strain curve of near beta titanium alloy as a function of volume fractions of a and b. This approach is to develop the best possible combination or neural network（nn） to predict the stress-strain curve. In order to achieve this, three different nn architectures（feed-forward back-propagation network,cascade-forward back-propagation network, and layer recurrent network）, three different transfer functions（purelin, Log-Sigmoid, and Tan-Sigmoid）, number of hidden layers（1 and 2）, number of neurons in the hidden layer（s）,and different training algorithms were employed. Ann training modules, the load in terms of strain, and volume fraction of a are the inputs and the stress as an *** system was trained using the prepared training set（a,16 % a, 40 % a, and b stress-strain curves）. After training process, test data were used to check system accuracy. It is observed that feed-forward back-propagation network is the fastest, and Log-Sigmoid transfer function is giving the best results. Finally, layer recurrent nn with a single hidden layer consists of 11 neurons, and Log-Sigmoid transfer function using trainlm as training algorithm is giving good result, and average relative error is1.27 ± 1.45 %. In two hidden layers, layer recurrent nn consists of 7 neurons in each hidden layer with trainrp as the training algorithm having the transfer function of LogSigmoid which gives better results. As a result, the nn is founded successful for the prediction of stress-strain curve of near b titanium alloy.

关键词： Artificial neural network (Ann) Stressstrain curve Titanium alloys

Separation of Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon nanotubes Through Fluorous Chemistry

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nano Research 2009年第3期2卷 183-191页

作者： Sandeep Ghosh n.R.rao Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit DST unit on Nanoscience and CSIR Centre of Excellence in ChemistryJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientifi c ResearchJakkur P.O.Bangalore-560064India Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore-560012India

Separation of metallic from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes has been a major challenge for some time and some previous efforts have resulted in partial success. We have accomplished the separation effectively by employing fl uorous chemistry wherein the diazonium salt of 4-heptadecafl uorooc tylaniline selectively reacts with the metallic nanotubes present in the mixture of nanotubes. The resulting fl uoroderivative was extracted in perfl uorohexane leaving the semiconducting nanotubes in the aqueous layer. The products have been characterized by both Raman and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The method avoids the cumbersome centrifugation step required by some other procedures.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes metallic semiconducting fl uorous separation

Event-driven flood management:design and computational modules

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2016年第1期19卷 39-55页

作者： vinod Kumar Sharma G.Srinivasa rao E.Amminedu P.V.nagamani Abhinav Shukla K.Ram Mohan rao V.Bhanumurthy national Remote Sensing Centre ISRO HyderabadHyderabadTelanganaIndia Department of Geo-Engineering Andhra UniversityVisakhapatnamAndhra PradeshIndia

Flood management is a set of activities that have to be carried out in collaboration with multiple *** flood information with early warning generated using remote sensing satellite technologies can help the agencies to effectively manage the situation on *** environmental parameters and forecasts provided by different agencies can be analyzed and compared with historical flood events for generating probable flood event *** information(environmental parameters)provided by the agencies are heterogeneous and noncompliant to standards and distributed in *** of data from distributed resources and automation of data analysis process for flood management is a primary prerequisite for faster and efficient *** 2.0-based web services enable data creation,sharing,communication,and collaboration on *** data sharing on web 2.0 for making quality of service using open-source software for efficient flood management is a *** software architectures proposed for risk and environmental crisis management are too generic in nature and needs lot of modification for flood *** event-driven model coupled with data standardization procedures using service-oriented architecture provides an effective framework for flood *** this paper,a framework capable of collecting heterogeneous distributed flood-related information for analyzing and alerting probable flood events is *** framework has been implemented to generate automatic flood extent maps,by analyzing the distributed satellite data(as service).The automation of flood delineation process reduces the overall flood product generation ***-source web tools have been utilized in development of spatial information system to visualize and analyze the actual situation on ground facilitating overall decision-making process.

关键词： Flood management software architectures service oriented architecture(SOA) event-based methods automation heterogeneous data

Chloride binding and time-dependent surface chloride content models for fly ash concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 112-120页

作者： S. MUTHULInGAM B. n. rao Department of Civil Engineering SSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam 603 110 India Structural Engineering Division Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036 India

Corrosion of embedded rebars is a classical deterioration mechanism of reinforced concrete structures exposed to chloride environments. Such environments can be attributed to the presence of seawater, deicing or sea-salts, which have high concentrations of chloride ion. Chloride ingress into concrete, essential for inducing rebar corrosion, is a complex interaction between many physical and chemical processes. The current study proposes two chloride ingress parameter models for fly ash concrete, namely： 1） surface chloride content under tidal exposure condition; and 2） chloride binding. First, inconsistencies in surface chloride content and chloride binding models reported in literature, due to them not being in line with past research studies, are pointed out. Secondly, to avoid such inconsistencies, surface chloride content and chloride binding models for fly ash concrete are proposed based upon the experimental work done by other researchers. It is observed that, proposed models are simple, consistent and in line with past research studies reported in literature.

关键词： binding isotherms chloride ingress concrete fly ash surface chloride content

Growth Kinetics of nanocrystals and nanorods by Employing Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Other Techniques

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第4期24卷 615-627页

作者： Kanishka BISWAS neenu VARGHESE C.n.R.rao Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit DST Nanoscience Unit and CSIR Centre of Excellence in ChemistryJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur P.O.Bangalore 560064India Solid State and Structural Chemistry UnitIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit DST Nanoscience Unit and CSIR Centre of Excellence in ChemistryJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur P.O.Bangalore 560064India

In this article, we report the results of our detailed investigations of the growth kinetics of zero-dimensional nanocrystals as well as one-dimensional nanorods by the combined use of small angel X-ray scattering （SAXS）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） along with other physical techniques. The study includes growth kinetics of gold nanocrystals formed by the reduction of HAuCl4 by tetrakis（hydroxymethyl） phosphonium chloride in aqueous solution, of CdSe nanocrystals formed by the reaction of cadmium stearate and selenium under solvothermal conditions, and of ZnO nanorods formed by the reaction of zinc acetate with sodium hydroxide under solvothermal conditions in the absence and presence of capping agents. The growth of gold nanocrystals does not follow the diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening, and instead follows a Sigmoidal rate curve. The heat change associated with the growth determined by isothermal titration calorimetry is about 10 kcal·mol^-1 per I nm increase in the diameter of the nanocrystals. In the case of CdSe nanocrystals also, the growth mechanism deviates from diffusion-limited growth and follows a combined model containing both diffusion and surface reaction terms. Our study of the growth kinetics of uncapped and poly（vinyl pyrollidone）（PVP）-capped ZnO nanorods has yielded interesting insights. We observe small nanocrystals next to the ZnO nanorods after a lapse of time in addition to periodic focusing and defocusing of the width of the length distribution. These observations lend support to the diffusion-limited growth model for the growth of uncapped ZnO nanorods. Accordingly, the time dependence on the length of uncapped nanorods follows the L3 law as required for diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening. The PVP-capped nanorods, however, show a time dependence, which is best described by a combination of diffusion （L^3） and surface reaction （L^2） terms.

关键词： Growth kinetics Gold nanocrystals CdSe nanocrystals ZnO nanorods Small angle X-ray scattering Transmission electron microscopy Ostwald ripening and sigmoidal growth

Validation of Transverse Phase Space Tomography at TRIUMF

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原子能科学技术 2022年第9期56卷 1760-1773页

作者： rao Y n BAARTMAn R TRIUMF 4004 Wesbrook MallVancouver British ColumbiaV6T2A3Canada

Knowledge of the phase space density distribution in details is useful to understand subsequent evolution of the charged particle beam in a transport *** makes the beam tomography very useful in the application for beam *** application is not limited by the beam energy,as opposed to the emittance *** paper presented the simulations and measurements we undertook in TRIUMF beam-lines to validate the maximum entropy(MEnT)technique for the tomographic reconstruction of beam density distribution in the 2-dimensional transverse phase *** profiles were taken with a single wire scanner while changing an upstream quadrupole’s ***,the phase space plots were directly measured with emittance scanner.A close comparison was made on the resulting phase space density distribution and the emittance value at the same location of the *** show good agreement.

关键词： beam tomography maximum entropy algorithm phase space emittance

PGE and isotopic characteristics of Shergol and Suru Valley Ophiolites,Western Ladakh:Implications for supra-subduction tectonics along Indus Suture Zone

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 473-488页

作者： Irfan Maqbool Bhat Talat Ahmad D.V.Subba rao Srinivasan Balakrishnan n.V.Chalapathi rao Department of Earth Sciences University of KashmirSrinagar 190006India Vice Chancellors Office University of KashmirSrinagar 190006India Geochemistry Division CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute(NGRI)Hyderabad 500007India Department of Earth Sciences Pondicherry UniversityPuducherry 605014India Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

Present study reports the PGE-geochemistry of mantle peridotites and nd-isotope geochemistry of arc related mafic rocks from the Indus Suture Zone(ISZ),western *** total PGE concentration of the Shergol and Suru Valley peridotites(∑PGE=96-180 ppb)is much higher than that of the primitive mantle and global ophiolitic mantle *** studied peridotites show concave upward PGE-distribution patterns with higher palladium-group PGE/Iridium-group PGE ratios(i.e.,0.8-2.9)suggesting that the partial melting is not the sole factor responsible for the evolution of these *** observed PGE-distribution patterns are distinct from residual/refractory mantle peridotites,which have concave downward or flat PGE-distribution *** enrichment of palladium-group PGE as well as other whole-rock incompatible elements(e.g.,LILE and LREE)and higher Pd/Ir ratio(1.1-5.9)reflects that these peridotites have experienced fluid/melt interaction in a supra-subduction zone(SSZ)tectonic ***,the Shergol mafic intrusives and Dras mafic volcanics,associated with the studied peridotites,have high^(143)nd/^(144)nd ratios(i.e.,0.512908-0.513078 and 0.512901-0.512977,respectively)and positiveε_(nd)(t)(calculated for t=140 Ma)values(i.e.,+5.3 to+8.6 and+5.1 to+6.6,respectively),indicating derivation from depleted mantle sources within an intra-oceanic arc setting,similar to Spongtang and nidar ophiolites from other parts of Ladakh *** transition from SSZ-type Shergol and Suru Valley peridotites to Early Cretaceous tholeiitic Shergol mafic intrusives followed by tholeiitic to calc-alkaline Dras mafic volcanics within the neo-Tethys Ocean exhibit characteristics of subduction initiation mechanism analogous to the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc system within western Pacific.

关键词： PGE nd-isotope Mantle peridotites Ophiolites Ladakh neo-Tethys Ocean