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Winter survival of microbial contaminants in soil:An in situ verification

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 131-138页

作者： Antonio Bucci vincenzo allocca Gino Naclerio Giovanni Capobianco Fabio Divino Francesco Fiorillo Fulvio Celico University of Molise Department of Biosciences and Territory University "Federico Ⅱ" Department of Earth Sciences University of Sannio Department of Geological and Environmental Studies University of Parma Department of Physics and Earth Sciences "Macedonio Melloni"

The aim of the research was to evaluate, at site scale, the influence of freezing and freeze/thaw cycles on the survival of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci in soil, in a climate change perspective. Before the winter period and during grazing, viable cells of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci were detected only in the first 10 cm below ground, while,after the winter period and before the new seasonal grazing, a lower number of viable cells of both faecal indicators was detected only in some of the investigated soil profiles, and within the first 5 cm. Taking into consideration the results of specific investigations, we hypothesise that the non-uniform spatial distribution of grass roots within the studied soil can play an important role in influencing this phenomenon, while several abiotic factors do not play any significant role. Taking into account the local trend in the increase of air temperature, a different distribution of microbial pollution over time is expected in spring waters, in future climate scenarios. The progressive increase in air temperature will cause a progressive decrease in freeze/thaw cycles at higher altitudes, minimising cold shocks on microbial cells, and causing spring water pollution also during winter.

关键词： Climate change Cold shock Faecal indicator Freeze/thaw cycle Microbial contamination

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Viral infections in inflammatory bowel disease:Tips and tricks for correct management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第27期27卷 4276-4297页

作者： vincenzo Craviotto Federica Furfaro Laura Loy Alessandra Zilli Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet Gionata Fiorino Silvio Danese Mariangela allocca Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSRozzano 20089MilanoItaly Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Inserm U954 University Hospital of NancyLorraine UniversityNancy 54511France Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele 20090MilanoItaly

Over the past decades,the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)has become more targeted,anticipating the use of immune-modifying therapies at an earlier *** top-down approach has been correlated with favorable short and long-term outcomes,but it has also brought with it concerns regarding potential infectious *** large IBD population treated with immunemodifying therapies,especially if combined,has an increased risk of severe infections,including opportunistic infections that are sustained by viral,bacterial,parasitic,and fungal *** infections have emerged as a focal safety concern in patients with IBD,representing a challenge for the clinician:they are often difficult to diagnose and are associated with significant morbidity and *** first step is to improve effective preventive strategies,such as applying vaccination protocols,adopt adequate prophylaxis and educate patients about potential risk *** viral infections in immunosuppressed patients may present atypical signs and symptoms,the challenges for the gastroenterologist are to suspect,recognize and diagnose such *** treatment of common viral infections allows us to minimize their impact on disease outcomes and patients’*** practical review supports this standard of care to improve knowledge in this subject area.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Viral infections Opportunistic infections Standard of care Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis

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