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Impact of Oil and Gas Activities on Acidity of Rain and Surface Water of Niger Delta, Nigeria: An Environmental and Public Health Review

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第4期7卷 566-581页

作者： John Kanayochukwu Nduka vincent nwalieji okafor Isaac Omoche Odiba Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit Pure & Industrial Chemistry Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Chemistry Federal University Lafia Nigeria Department of Chemistry Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education Owerri Nigeria

Acidic aerosols resulting from gas flaring and refinery operations in the Niger Delta are a serious environmental and public health concern. Several thousand tons of flue gas components (dust particles, SOx, CO and NOx) are released into the atmosphere by flaring billions of cubic meters of natural gas, refining and volatilizing the spilt oil. Heat wave is generated by flaring travels several meters away from flare points, destroying crops, farm lands, exotic species that are hunters delight while causing extinction of fragile soil flora and fuana. The occurrence of acid rain in the region implies that the natural receptors of the area are the final recipient of land and atmospheric pollutants. In effect, the water needs and public health of the populace are greatly impeded. Nitric and sulphuric acids are regarded as the sole contributors of nitrate and sulphate in precipitation influenced by combusted hydrocarbons: fine nitrate aerosols that dissolve in rain water are conversion products of NO2 that arise from flaring, power plants and motor vehicles. Scientific evidence has shown that rain water and surface water quality in the Niger Delta can accentuate the poor health burden, and may be perpetuated through generations unborn. Diagnostic health risk assessment has revealed that drinking nitrate contaminated water may be associated with spontaneous miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, adult malignant lymphomas, soft tissues sarcomas, cancers and lesions with added health burden associated with heavy metals and other ions. All these pose public health emergency and may significantly entrench health risk for generations to come. Therefore, this manuscript is intended to close certain gaps that were not covered by toxicological information and available data on environmental and food contamination and human internal exposure: it will serve as a continuous reminder and a useful guide to public health policy makers, workers and community bas

关键词： Precursor Gases Acid Precipitation Natural Receptors Gas Flaring Environmental Pollution Public Health Niger Delta Nigeria

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Adsorption and Thermodynamics Study of the Inhibition of Corrosion of Mild Steel In H2SO4Medium Using Vernonia Amygdalina

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第9期11卷 885-890页

作者： Joseph Tagbo Nwabanne vincent Nwoye okafor Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University PMB 5025 Awka Nigeria

In this work, adsorption and thermodynamics study of the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 medium using Vernonia amygdalina was carried out. The inhibitive and adsorptive properties of ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina for the corrosion of mild steel in 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated using weight loss technique. The result has proved that that the extract is a good inhibitor of corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4. The inhibition efficiencies ranged from 23.37 to 38.59% and from 22.45 to 35.78% at 303 and 323K respectively. The inhibition efficiency of the extract decreased as temperature and time of immersion increased but increased with increase in concentration of extract. The adsorption of the inhibitor on surface of mild steel was found to be exothermic, spontaneous and consistent with the mechanism of physical adsorption as the value for heat of adsorption ranged from -2.12 to -4.87KJ mol–1. The adsorption data fitted well to Langmuir, Temkin, Frumkin and Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherms.

关键词： Adsorption Corrosion Mild Steel Inhibition Vernonia Amygdalina

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Sexual Identity, Preference and Prevalence of Forced Sexual Intercourse among Young People in an Urban Community in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2018年第3期8卷 25-38页

作者： C. okafor Kingsley C. Azuike Emmanuel Y. Adam vincent Department of Public Health Federal Medical Centre Keffi Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City Nigeria

Background: Young people are at risk of being victims or perpetrators ofcoerced or forced sexual sex. In predominantly low- and middle-income countries, this contributes significantly to their risk for HIV infection, unwanted pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. Current trends show that young people sexual identity and preferences affect their sexual and reproductive health. Objective: This study aims to determine prevalence of coerced or forced sexual intercourse, sexual identity and sexual preferences of young people in Oluku Community, Ovia North East, Local Government, Edo State, South Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in June, 2013 using multi-stage sampling method. Results: A total of 400 young people participated in this study. The mean age was 17.8 ± 3.9 years. A higher proportion of respondents were of the Bini ethnic group 145 (36.3%). Most respondents were Christians 346 (86.5%) while 33 (8.2%) were Moslems. Majority of the respondents had secondary education 271 (67.8%), most were single 363 (90.8%) and were from families with a monogamous setting 289 (72.3%). The prevalence of forced sex was 12.9%, similarly, condom use during forced sex was 27.8%. More females (15.3%) than males (9.6%) had experienced forced sex;forced sex was common among young people from older age group, monogamous homes, and those living in a flat or self contained. Majority (95.3%) of adolescent’s sexual preference was vaginal, only a few preferred oral (3.3%) and anal sex (1.5%). Religion was associated with sexual preference and identity. The sexual identity of most (98.0%) young person’s was heterosexual (or different sex), while 0.5% were homosexual (or same sex) and 1.5% bisexual (or both). Conclusion and Recommendations: Legislation against forced and coerced sex, rape and other forms of sexual violence should be formulated and implemented.

关键词： Sexual Identity Sexual Preferences Homosexuals Forced/Coerced Sex Young People

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Removal of Pigments from Palm Oil Using Activated Ibusa Kaolinite: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2019年第4期7卷 157-170页

作者： vincent Nwoye okafor Ikechukwu Abuchi Nnanwube John Ifeanyi Obibuenyi Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli Regina Obiageli Ajemba Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Madonna University Akpugo Nigeria

The effectiveness of Ibusa kaolinite as an adsorbent in removing pigments from palm oil has been investigated in this study. Ibusa kaolinite was prepared as an adsorbent by treating it with hydrochloric acid. The surface area of the clay was found to increase with increase in acid dosage up to a maximum and then de-creased while its cation exchange capacity decreased with increase in acid dosage. The activated clay was used as an adsorbent for the removal of pigments from palm oil. The bleaching process was investigated by varying the clay dosage, acid concentration and temperature. The highest removal of pigments was recorded at 7 M HCl concentration, 4 g clay dosage and 100°C temperature, and about 97.4% pigments were removed in 80 minutes. Four isotherm models, three kinetic models, and the intra-particle diffusion model were applied to fit the experimental data. It was found that the equilibrium data were best represented by the Temkin isotherm model. The experimental data fitted well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Diffusion studies indicated that in-tra-particle diffusion is not the sole rate-controlling factor. The bleaching pro-cess was found to be spontaneous and endothermic, with increasing random-ness of adsorbed species.

关键词： Kaolinite Bleaching Kinetics Palm Oil Thermodynamics

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Removal of Pigments from Palm Oil Using Activated Ibusa Kaolinite: Equilibrium,Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering（矿物质和材料特性和工程） 2019年第4期

作者： vincent Nwoye okafor Ikechukwu Abuchi Nnanwube John Ifeanyi Obibuenyi Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli Regina Obiageli Ajemba

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