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Quaternary tectonic history of seismically active intraplate Kachchh Rift Basin,western India:A review

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 192-204页

作者： Girish Ch.Kothyari Raj Sunil Kandregula Rakesh Dumka Gaurav chauhan Ajay Kumar Taloor Institute of Seismological Research GandhinagarGujaratIndia CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute HyderabadTelanganaIndia Department of Earth and Environmental Science KSKV Kachchh UniversityBhujIndia Department of Remote Sensing and GIS University of JammuJammuIndia

Since the recorded historical period,the Kachchh Rift Basin(KRB)has encountered numerous moderate to large magnitude *** to the series of seismicity research so far,there are several important points of debate regarding the tectonic history and evolution of the KRB,especially during the Quaternary ***,the main objective of the present research is to inspect and perceive the association amongst the strain build-up,earthquake provenance,landform evolution and progression as archived by the Quaternary deposits of the *** previous studies demonstrated the evolutions of various landforms,such as the uplifted fluvial terraces,formation of the gorges,uplifted alluvial fan sequences,which can be ideally used to reconstruct the neotectonic history along active faults of *** this,the analysis of the accessible and supportive data,including geochronology provided by earlier studies along with some new dataset for a superior knowledge on the Quaternary tectonic forces prevailing in the KRB,have been carried ***,we also emphasized the differences and directions for future potential research *** observations of variability in uplift rates across the various active faults in the KRB suggest a complex geological history during the Quaternary *** results show that the vertical uplift rate along the significant active faults range from 0.8 to 2.8 mm/yr,demonstrating the variable tectonic stress regime prevailing in the *** uplift rates constricted from geomorphic and chronological aspects suggest that the tectonic movements within the Kachchh intraplate region is regulated by the fault segments and the present tectonic stress field is in accordance with the encompassing tectonic stress field associated with the northward movement of the Indian plate corresponding to the Eurasian plate.

关键词： Quaternary tectonics Uplift rates Active faults Kachchh Rift Basin

Magnetic fabric and geomorphic characteristic of Neotectonic activity along strike direction of North Almora Thrust,Kumaun Lesser Himalaya,India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 261-274页

作者： Ritu chauhan Girish Ch Kothyari Surendra S.Bhakuni Pitamber Dutt Pant Ajay Kumar Taloor CAS in Geology Kumaun UniversityNainitalIndia Institute of Seismological Research RaisanGandhinagar382009India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology DehradunIndia Department of Remote Sensing and GIS University of JammuJammuIndia

Structurally,the North Almora Thrust(NAT),is placed in the northern proximity of the Almora Nappe(AN)in the Kumaun Lesser *** NAT is characterized by the presence of a zone of mylonitic rocks of basal Saryu Formation(1800±100 Ma)in the hanging wall and the metasedimentaries of Inner Lesser Himalayan rocks as the footwall *** NAT has been dextrally offset by two estabilished maj or faults *** River Fault(SRF)in Saryu Valley and Dwarahat-Chaukhutia Fault(DCF)in Ramganga *** present study,we identified four new faults,based on field study,geomorphic landform and magnetic fabric *** faults are N-S trending Pancheshwar Fault,NE-SW Rameshwer Fault,NNE-SSW trending Kosi Fault,and NNE-SSW trending Gagas Fault(GF).Our results show that the zone is bound by cross cutting relation with NAT and these fault zones are comparatively more active than other ***,we suggest that the steep and NW-SE orientation of magnetic foliation within the NAT zone is a result of NE-SW oriented progressive regional *** magnetic foliations represent the unseen internal foliations in the rocks developed due to preferred alignment of magnetic minerals and can be found through the Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS)*** in the alignment of the field and magnetic foliations are developed due to superimposed brittle deformation along the faults over the pre-existing field *** foliations represent the impact of last stage deformation and significant to find brittle deformation and finite strain in the rocks of the study *** lowering of anisotropy(Pj)away from the fault zone represents distribution of strain across the NAT *** fabric confirms the presence of faults developed across the NAT zone and also explains the deformation pattern along these *** geomorphic anomalies and steepness changes across the NAT zone are correlated with active deformation along the NAT and associated transverse

关键词： North Almora Thrust(NAT) Geomorphology Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility Neotectonics Kumaun Lesser Himalaya

Status of Indian medicinal plants in the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the future of Ayurvedic drugs: Shouldn’t think about Ayurvedic fundamentals?

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第4期17卷 238-243页

作者： Deepak Kumar Semwal Ashutosh chauhan An kit Kumar Sonali Aswal Ruchi Badoni Semwal Abhimanyu Kumar Department of Phytochemistry Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Uttarakhand Ayurved University Harrawala Dehradun 248001 India Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Uttarakhand Ayurved University Harrawala Dehradun 248001 India Research and Development Centre Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Uttarakhand Ayurved University Harrawala Dehradun 248001 India Department of Chemistry Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Government Postgraduate College Rishikesh Uttarakhand 249201 India Uttarakhand Ayurved University Harrawala Dehradun 248001 India

The present market for herbal drugs is estimated about ?40 billion, which is expected to increase by 16% in next 3-4 years. The current production of many Ayurvedic herbs is less than their market demand, which incentivizes adulteration in the Ayurvedic drug supply chain. The present work aims to highlight the most used Ayurvedic plants that have been listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature's "red list" of endangered or vulnerable plants. The future of Ayurvedic medicines from these listed plants is uncertain, as the collection of herbs from their natural habitat is prohibited and their cultivation does not meet market demands. Many of these plants, such as Taxus baccata and T. wallichiana, are endangered and are only grown in their natural habitats;their cultivation in other areas is impractical. This is the present state, and will worsen as demand continues to grow, with increasing populations and increasing adoption of this system of medicine. It is possible that in coming years most of the Ayurvedic drugs will be adulterated, and will cause only side effects rather than the therapeutic effects. The Ayurvedic fundamentals are under-explored areas where the Ayurvedic practitioners and research scientists can work together. The scientific work on the basic principles will unravel many unknown or little-known facts of this ancient science. Hence, the present review emphasizes the conservation of Ayurvedic herbs, minimization of the use of medicinal plants and the promotion of the research based on Ayurvedic fundamentals.

关键词： Ayurvedic fundamentals Ayurvedic herbs Endangered plants Polyherbal formulations Prakriti

Identification and characterization of genotype A and D recombinant hepatitis B virus from Indian chronic HBV isolates

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第40期14卷 6228-6236页

作者： Ranjit chauhan Syed Naqui Kazim Manoj Kumar Jayashree Bhattacharjee Narayanasamy Krishnamoorthy Shiv Kumar Sarin Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Center for Liver Diseases G.B.Pant Hospital Department of Biochemistry Lady Hardinge Medical College Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences The Centre for Genomic Application

AIM： To confirm the presence of recombination, fulllength hepatitis B virus （HBV） from chronic patients was sequenced and analyzed. METHODS： Full-length HBV genomes from 12 patients were amplified and sequenced in an automated sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on full-length, Core and preS2/Surface regions using MEGA software. SimPIot Boot Scanning and amino acid sequence analysis were performed for confirmation of recombination. RESULTS： Eight patients were infected with genotype D strain; one patient with genotype A and three patients had genotype A and D recombination; two of them had cirrhosis and one had hepatocellular carcinoma. Phylogenetic analysis of core and preS2/surface regions separately showed evidence of genotype A and D recombination. The breakpoints of recombination were found to be at the start of preS2 and at the endof surface coding regions. CONCLUSION： We identified and characterized recombinant A and D genotype HBV in hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg）-positive patients.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Genotype Variation Evolution Recombination

Nutrition in alcohol-related liver disease:Physiopathology and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第22期26卷 2916-2930页

作者： Umair Kamran Jennifer Towey Amardeep Khanna Abhishek chauhan Neil Rajoriya Andrew Holt The Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Dietetics Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Centre for Liver Research Institute of Immunology and Inflammationand National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreThe Medical SchoolUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Malnutrition encompassing both macro-and micro-nutrient deficiency,remains one of the most frequent complications of alcohol-related liver disease(ArLD).Protein-energy malnutrition can cause significant complications including sarcopenia,frailty and immunodepression in cirrhotic *** reduces patient’s survival and negatively affects the quality of life of individuals with ***,nutritional deficit increases the likelihood of hepatic decompensation in *** recognition of at-risk individuals,early diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition remains a key component of ArLD *** this review,we describe the pathophysiology of malnutrition in ArLD,review the screening tools available for nutritional assessment and discuss nutritional management strategies relevant to the different stages of ArLD,ranging from acute alcoholic hepatitis through to decompensated end stage liver disease.

关键词： Malnutrition Sarcopenia Alcohol-related liver disease Nutritional assessment Nutrition support Micronutrients

Nosocomial diarrhea in children:is astrovirus the leading pathogen?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第5期3卷 410-411页

作者： Anita Chakravarti Manisha Jain Mayank Singh chauhan Anju Sharma Sayani Tewari Department & institution Department of MicrobiologyMaulana Azad Medical CollegeBahadur Shah Zafar MargNew Delhi 110002

Objective:To screen for the presence of mixed infection with ***:The present study included 140 children aged less than 2 years with acute *** samples of all these patients were analyzed for the presence of astroviral antigen by enzyme *** 40 rotavirus positive fecal samples were screened for the presence of ***:In case of acute diarrhea in children the prevalence of astrovirus was around 34% (48/140).It was seen that even in rotavirus positive cases astrovirus co infection was 25% .Conclusions:Astrovirus is a growing problem which is often *** the rotavirus vaccine licensure being imminent astrovirus will emerge out as the single most important cause of viral

关键词： Astrovirus Diarrhea Children

Genetic diversity and relationship between cultivated clones of Dalber- gia sissoo of wide geographical origin using RAPD markers

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 507-517页

作者： H. S. Ginwal Shalini Singh Maurya Priti chauhan Division of Genetics and Tree Propagation Forest Research Institute P.O. I.P.E Kaulagarh Road Dehradun 248195 (Uttarakhand) India

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA （RAPD） polymor- phism was employed to assess the genetic diversity in the elite germplasm＇of Dalbergia sissoo. Sixty-seven clones that are under cultivation in northern India, originated frorri six different states of India and Nepal were analyzed with 30 RAPD primers that generated a total of 342 fragments out of which 290 were polymorphic. Total genetic diversity （Ht） varied between 0.01 and 0.37, with an average of 0.19. Shannon＇s Information index （I） varied between 0102 and 0.54, with an average of 0.31. Marker attributes like Polymorphism Information Content （PIC）, Marker Index （MI） and Effective Multiplex Ratio （EMR） values were calculated to assess the discriminatory power of 30 primers used. The PIC values ranged from 0.01 to 0.37 with an average of 0.17 per primer and the EMR ranged from 0.17 to 21.00 with a mean of 8.66 across all genotypes. Closely related clones were C49 and C51 with similarity index of 0.86 while the least similar or most dissimilar clones were C14 and S-DB showing similarity index of 0.58. The UPGMA-phenogram categorized the 67 clones into six clusters based on genetic similarity and dissimilarity. The clustering of clones in relation to their geographical location has been discussed.

关键词： clones Dalbergia sissoo genetic diversity polymorphic RAPD

An Improved Methodology to Overcome Key Issues in Human Fecal Metagenomic DNA Extraction

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2016年第6期14卷 371-378页

作者： Jitendra Kumar Manoj Kumar Shashank Gupta Vasim Ahmed Manu Bhambi Rajesh Pandey Nat Singh chauhan Department of Biochemistry Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak 124001India Ayurgenomics Unit Translational Research and Innovative Science Through AyurgeomicsCouncil of Scientific and Industrial ResearchInstitute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew Delhi 110020India

Microbes are ubiquitously distributed in nature, and recent culture-independent studies have highlighted the significance of gut microbiota in human health and disease. Fecal DNA is the primary source for the majority of human gut microbiome studies. However, further improvement is needed to obtain fecal metagenomic DNA with sufficient amount and good quality but low host genomic DNA contamination. In the current study, we demonstrate a quick, robust, unbiased, and cost-effective method for the isolation of high molecular weight （〉 23 kb） metagenomic DNA （260/280 ratio 〉 1.8） with a good yield （55.8 ± 3.8 ng/mg of feces）. We also confirm that there is very low human genomic DNA contamination （eubacterial： human genomic DNA marker genes = 227.9：1） in the human feces. The newly-developed method robustly performs for fresh as well as stored fecal samples as demonstrated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using 454 FLX＋. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that compared to other DNA extraction methods tested, the fecal metagenomic DNA isolated with current methodology retains species richness and does not show microbial diversity biases, which is further confirmed by qPCR with a known quantity of spike-in genomes. Overall, our data highlight a protocol with a balance between quality, amount, user-friendliness, and cost effectiveness for its suitability toward usage for cultureindependent analysis of the human gut microbiome, which provides a robust solution to overcome key issues associated with fecal metagenomic DNA isolation in human gut microbiome studies.

关键词： Metagenomic DNAextraction Gut microbiome Human feces 16S rRNA

Identification of SNP and InDel variations in the promoter and 5′ untranslated regions of γ-tocopherol methyl transferase(ZmVTE4) affecting higher accumulation of α-tocopherol in maize kernel

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The Crop Journal 2019年第4期7卷 469-479页

作者： Abhijit Kumar Das Rashmi Chhabra Vignesh Muthusamy Hema Singh chauhan Rajkumar Uttamrao Zunjare Firoz Hossain The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) New Delhi 110012 India

Deficiency of vitamin-E or tocopherol causes neurological and cardiovascular disorders in humans. Though maize kernel is rich in total tocopherol, the level of α-tocopherol possessing the highest vitamin-E activity is low. Mutant allele of ZmVTE4 with deletion of 7 bp and 118 bp (0/0: most favorable haplotype) in 5′UTR and promoter region, respectively significantly enhances α-tocopherol in maize kernel than wild type haplotype (7/118).α- tocopherol estimation in 15 diverse inbreds revealed that mean α-/γ-tocopherol and α-/ total-tocopherol was much higher in genotypes with favorable haplotype (1.51 and 0.41) than unfavorable class (0.19 and 0.13), respectively. However even within favorable class,α- tocopherol ranged from 4.76 to 30.07 μg g 1. Sequence analysis of part of 5′UTR and promoter of ZmVTE4 among the genotypes with favorable haplotype revealed 14 SNPs (SNP1 to SNP14) and eight InDels (InDel1 to InDel8). SNP7 at 606 bp (G to A), and InDels viz., InDel1 (27 bp), InDel4 (27 bp) and InDel8 (14 bp) differentiated low and high α-tocopherol accumulating inbreds with favorable haplotype. Hence the newly identified SNP and InDels in addition to the already reported InDels can be useful in selection of favorable genotypes with higher α-tocopherol in maize.

关键词： Maize Vitamin-E InDel SNP Biofortification