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Some Physical Aspects of Summer Monsoon Clouds-Comparison of Cloud Model Results with Observations

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1991年第1期8卷 111-124页

作者： A. Mary Selvam R. vijayakumar A. S. R. Murty Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune 411008 IndiaIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune 411008 IndiaIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune 411008 India

The physical characteristics of the summer monsoon clouds were investigated. The results of a simple cloud model were compared with the aircraft cloud physical observations collected during the summer monsoon seasons of 1973, 1974, 1976 and 1981 in the Deccan Plateau *** model predicted profiles of cloud liquid water content (LWC) are in agreement with the observed profiles. There is reasonable agreement between the model predicted cloud vertical thickness and observed *** observed cloud-drop spectra were found to be narrow and the concentration of drops with diameter > 20um is either low or absent on many occasions. In such clouds the rain-formation cannot take place under natural atmospheric conditions due to the absence of collision-coalescence process. A comparison of the model predicted and observed rainfall suggested that the precipitation efficiency in cumulus clouds of small vertical thickness could be as low as 20 per *** clouds forming in the Deccan Plateau region during the summer monsoon are, by and large, cumulus and strato-cumulus type. The vertical thickness of the cumulus clouds is in the range of 1.0-2.0 km. The LWC is found to be more in the region between 1.6-1.9 km A. S. L. , which corresponds to the level at almost 3 / 4 th of the total vertical thickness of the cloud and thereafter the LWC sharply decreased. Nearly 98 per cent of the tops of the low clouds in the region are below freezing level and the most frequent range of occurrence of these cloud-tops is in the range of 2.0-3.0 km A. S. L. The dominant physical mechanism of rain-formation in these summer monsoon clouds is the collision-coalescence process.

关键词： heat Some Physical Aspects of Summer Monsoon Clouds-Comparison of Cloud Model Results with Observations

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Enteric Red Mouth disease and its causative bacterium, Yersinia ruckeri, in Indian Major Carps from culture ponds in Andhra Pradesh, India

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第3期6卷 289-299页

作者： Shameem Ummey Sharmila Khan P.P.N vijayakumar Adanki Ramya Department of Zoology Andhra UniversityVisakhapatnam530003India Advanced Analytical Laboratory Andhra UniversityVisakhapatnam530003India

During the present investigation,studies were carried out to investigate the outbreak of Redmouth disease in culture ponds situated at Krishna,West Godavari and East Godavari districts of Andhra *** Red Mouth disease or Yersiniosis is a serious infectious bacterial disease,sometimes responsible for causing severe economic loss to fish farming *** disease is clinically characterized by symptoms like bleeding at the base of fins,inside and around mouth,bilateral exophthalmia with or without haemorrhage,and per-ocular and peri-oral *** the present study,live or moribund fish showing lesions similar to enteric redmouth disease were collected and the causative agent was isolated by culture *** identification was carried out by conventional biochemical methods and molecular polymerase chain *** extracted from isolated pathogen was subjected to PCR amplification with a pair of *** specific *** PCR product was run on 1.5%agarose gel electrophoresis and positive bands with a molecular size of approximately 500bp were *** is similar to that given for PCR products with primers specific for ***.

关键词： Yersinia ruckeri PCR Enteric Red Mouth Disease Indian Major Carps Andhra Pradesh

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Coinfection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in HIV-infectedpatients in south India

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第37期13卷 5015-5020页

作者： Shanmugam Saravanan vijayakumar Velu Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy Subhadra Nandakumar Kailapuri Gangatharan Murugavel Pachamuthu Balakrishnan Solomon Suniti Sadras Panchatcharam Thyagarajan Department of Microbiology Dr ALM PGIBMS University of Madras Chennai 600 113 and National Referral Centre for Viral Hepatitis India YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education VHS campus Taramani Chennai 600 113 India Department of Microbiology Dr ALM PGIBMS University of Madras Chennai 600 113 and National Referral Centre for Viral Hepatitis India YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education VHS campus Taramani Chennai 600 113 India Department of Microbiology Dr ALM PGIBMS University of Madras Chennai 600 113 and National Referral Centre for Viral Hepatitis IndiaYRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education VHS campus Taramani Chennai 600 113 India

AIM: To screen for the co-infection of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in southern India. METHODS: Five hundred consecutive HIV infected patients were screened for Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg and HBV-DNA) and Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV and HCV-RNA) using commercially available ELISA kits; HBsAg, HBeAg/ anti-HBe (Biorad laboratories, USA) and anti-HCV (Murex Diagnostics, UK). The HBV-DNA PCR was performed to detect the surface antigen region (pre S-S). HCV-RNA was detected by RT-PCR for the detection of the constant 5' putative non-coding region of HCV. RESULTS: HBV co-infection was detected in 45/500 (9%) patients and HCV co-infection in 11/500 (2.2%) subjects. Among the 45 co-infected patients only 40 patients could be studied, where the detection rates of HBe was 55% (22/40), antiHBe was 45% (18/40) and HBV-DNA was 56% (23/40). Among 11 HCV co-infected subjects, 6 (54.5%) were anti-HCV and HCV RNA positive, while 3 (27.2%) were positive for anti-HCV alone and 2 (18%) were positive for HCV RNA alone. CONCLUSION: Since the principal routes for HIV transmission are similar to that followed by the hepatotropic viruses, as a consequence, infections with HBV and HCV are expected in HIV infected patients. Therefore, it would be advisable to screen for these viruses in all the HIV infected individuals and their sexual partners at the earliest.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Humanimmunodeficiency virus Co-infection Hepatotrophicviruses HBV and HCV India HBV and HCV and HIV

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Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of sea lemon oil and its diesel blends in a diesel engine

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2009年第3期2卷 69-75页

作者： V.S.Hariharan K.vijayakumar Reddy K.Rajagopal Department of Mechanical Engineering Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of EngineeringMylavaramKrishna Dt.Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering JNTU College of EngineeringHyderabadIndia

Experimental tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance,emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using neat sea lemon oil and its blends of 25%,50%,&75%and standard diesel fuel *** common problems posed when using vegetable oil in a compression ignition engine are poor atomization,carbon deposits,ring sticking *** is because of the high viscosity and low volatility of vegetable *** blended with diesel,sea lemon oil presented lower viscosity,improved volatility,better combustion and less carbon *** was found that there was reduction in NO for neat sea lemon oil and its diesel blends along with marginal increase in smoke,HC and CO emissions compared to that of standard *** thermal efficiency was slightly lower for neat sea lemon oil and its diesel *** the combustion analysis,it was found that sea lemon oil-diesel blends performed better than neat sea lemon oil.

关键词： sea lemon oil blends performance emission and combustion characteristics

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Ultimate Physical Reality of the Universe

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Journal of Modern Physics 2018年第3期9卷 387-394页

作者： Moolathurai Rangasamy vijayakumar Bharathiar University Coimbatore India

According to modern concepts, space continues in all directions, and has no known limits. The sun and billions of other stars make up a giant galaxy whirling through space. Countless other galaxies are scattered throughout space as far as man can see with the largest telescopes. The Newtonian uni-verse, Minkowski universe, Einstein’s General Relativistic Universe and the Big-Bang and Steady State models deal with creation and evolution of the universe. Following Einstein, Milne, Friedman, Lemaitre, De Sitter, Bondi and Gold, Hoyle, Narlikar and Brons Dicke have given their own models and tried to explain the nature of the universe. All the above mentioned concepts and models are not able to explain the Ultimate Physical Reality of the Universe. Here I suggest for the first time, the Ultimate Physical Reality of the Universe by explaining that there is no separate “space” without the presence of matter. I give the answer for the unexplained puzzling question: “What the universe expands into?” and explain that the universe is just closed and finite. I explain that the universe is ever expanding. I also give answers to important unan-swered questions so far.

关键词： Ultimate Reality of the Universe

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A two-scale approach for estimating forest aboveground biomass with optical remote sensing images in a subtropical forest of Nepal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2119-2136页

作者： Upama A.Koju Jiahua Zhang Shashish Maharjan Sha Zhang Yun Bai Dinesh B.I.P.vijayakumar Fengmei Yao Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital EarthCASBeijing 100094People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100094People’s Republic of China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Kathmandu 44600Nepal The Laboratory of Forest Inventory The National Institute of Geographic and Forest InformationNancyFrance

Forests account for 80%of the total carbon exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ***,to better manage our responses to global warming,it is important to monitor and assess forest aboveground carbon and forest aboveground biomass(FAGB).Different levels of detail are needed to estimate FAGB at local,regional and national ***-scale remote sensing analysis from high,medium and coarse spatial resolution data,along with field sampling,is one approach often ***,the methods developed are still time consuming,expensive,and inconvenient for systematic monitoring,especially for developing countries,as they require vast numbers of field samples for ***,we recommend a convenient two-scale approach to estimate FAGB that was tested in our study *** study was conducted in the Chitwan district of Nepal using GeoEye-1(0.5 m),Landsat(30 m)and Google Earth very high resolution(GEVHR)Quickbird(0.65 m)*** the local scale(Kayerkhola watershed),tree crowns of the area were delineated by the object-based image analysis technique on GeoEye *** overall accuracy of 83%was obtained in the delineation of tree canopy cover(TCC)per plot.A TCC *** model was developed based on the TCC estimations from GeoEye and FAGB measurements from field sample plots.A coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.76 was obtained in the modelling,and a value of 0.83 was obtained in the validation of the *** upscale FAGB to the entire district,open source GEVHR images were used as virtual field *** delineated their TCC values and then calculated FAGB based on a TCC versus FAGB *** the multivariate adaptive regression splines machine learning algorithm,we developed a model from the relationship between the FAGB of GEVHR virtual plots with predictor parameters from Landsat 8 bands and vegetation *** model was then used to extrapolate FAGB to the entire *** approach considerably reduced the need for field data and com

关键词： Forest aboveground biomass Google Earth imagery Multi-scale remote sensing Virtual plot Optical imagery

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Review of Fresnel incoherent correlation holography with linear and non-linear correlations

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Chinese Optics Letters 2021年第2期19卷 1-6页

作者： vijayakumar Anand Tomas Katkus Soon Hock Ng Saulius Juodkazis Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials(SEAM) School of ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVIC 3122Australia Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication ANFFClaytonVIC 3168Australia Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative(WRHI) School of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1OokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography(FINCH)is a well-established incoherent imaging *** FINCH,three selfinterference holograms are recorded with calculated phase differences between the two interfering,differently modulated object waves and projected into a complex *** object is reconstructed without the twin image and bias terms by a numerical Fresnel back propagation of the complex hologram.A modified approach to implement FINCH by a single camera shot by pre-calibrating the system involving recording of the point spread function library and reconstruction by a nonlinear cross correlation has been introduced *** expression of the imaging characteristics from the modulation functions in original FINCH and the modified approach by pre-calibration in spatial and polarization multiplexing schemes are *** study reveals that a reconstructing function completely independent of the function of the phase mask is required for the faithful expression of the characteristics of the modulating function in image *** the polarization multiplexing method by non-linear cross correlation,a partial expression was observed,while in the spatial multiplexing method by non-linear cross correlation,the imaging characteristics converged towards a uniform behavior.

关键词： digital holographic imaging Fresnel incoherent correlation holography holographic techniques imaging systems incoherent holography and speckle noise

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Laplace Decomposition Method for Time-Fractional Fornberg-Whitham Type Equations

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第2期9卷 260-271页

作者： Thilagarajah Mathanaranjan Dayalini vijayakumar Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jaffna Jaffna Northern Province Sri Lanka

In this study, the closed form of series solutions of the original and modified nonlinear time-fractional Fornberg-Whitham equations are derived by means of the Laplace decomposition method (LDM). The fractional order derivatives are expressed in the sense of Caputo. For the specific choice of parameters, the obtained solutions are compared with the exact solutions to validate the accuracy of this method. Numerical solutions are represented graphically which illustrate the behavior of the solutions. Further, the computations express that the above method is straightforward, and it desires the smaller size of computation.

关键词： Fractional Derivative Fractional Fornberg-Whitham Equation Laplace Transformation Adomian Decomposition Method

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Fresnel incoherent correlation holography with single camera shot

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2020年第8期3卷 12-22页

作者： Anand vijayakumar Tomas Katkus Stefan Lundgaard Denver P.Linklater Elena P.Ivanova Soon Hock Ng Saulius Juodkazis Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials(SEAM) School of ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn 3122Australia Department of Physics Royal Melbourne Institute of TechnologyGPO Box 2476Melbourne 3001Australia Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Australian National Fabrication Facility151 Wellington RoadClaytonVIC 3168Australia Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative(WRHI) School of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1OokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography(FINCH)is a self-interference based super-resolution three-dimensional imaging *** in inline configuration requires an active phase modulator to record at least three phase-shifted camera shots to reconstruct objects without twin image and bias *** this study,FINCH is realized using a randomly multiplexed bifocal binary diffractive Fresnel zone lenses fabricated using electron beam *** object space is calibrated by axially scanning a point object along the optical axis and recording the corresponding point spread holograms(PSHs).An object is mounted within the calibrated object space,and the object hologram was recorded under identical experimental conditions used for recording the *** image of the object at different depths was reconstructed by a cross-correlation between the object hologram and the *** potential including bio-medical optics is discussed.

关键词： imaging holography correlation three-dimensional imaging diffractive optics

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An Effective Network Traffic Data Control Using Improved Apriori Rule Mining

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第10期7卷 3162-3173页

作者： Subbiyan Prakash Murugasamy vijayakumar Department of Information Technology Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nandha College of Technology Erode India

The increasing usage of internet requires a significant system for effective communication. To pro- vide an effective communication for the internet users, based on nature of their queries, shortest routing path is usually preferred for data forwarding. But when more number of data chooses the same path, in that case, bottleneck occurs in the traffic this leads to data loss or provides irrelevant data to the users. In this paper, a Rule Based System using Improved Apriori (RBS-IA) rule mining framework is proposed for effective monitoring of traffic occurrence over the network and control the network traffic. RBS-IA framework integrates both the traffic control and decision making system to enhance the usage of internet trendier. At first, the network traffic data are ana- lyzed and the incoming and outgoing data information is processed using apriori rule mining algorithm. After generating the set of rules, the network traffic condition is analyzed. Based on the traffic conditions, the decision rule framework is introduced which derives and assigns the set of suitable rules to the appropriate states of the network. The decision rule framework improves the effectiveness of network traffic control by updating the traffic condition states for identifying the relevant route path for packet data transmission. Experimental evaluation is conducted by extrac- ting the Dodgers loop sensor data set from UCI repository to detect the effectiveness of theproposed Rule Based System using Improved Apriori (RBS-IA) rule mining framework. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed RBS-IA rule mining framework provides significant improvement in managing the network traffic control scheme. RBS-IA rule mining framework is evaluated over the factors such as accuracy of the decision being obtained, interestingness measure and execution time.

关键词： Network Traffic Internet Traffic Condition Rule Mining Decision Rule Framework Interestingness Traffic Data Web Log

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