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Toward sustainable waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in Maldives context

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 133-148页

作者： Yao Wang Alejandro Ruiz-Acevedo Eemaan Rameez vijaya ragh.van Abid Hussain Xunchang Fei School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore United Nations Office for Project Services(UNOPS) United Nations BuildingBuruzu MaguMale’20184Maldives Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte-Anne-De-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6H9X 3V9Canada

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Maldives due to limited land availability. Maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distributed across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of Maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows Maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist between the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase Maldives’ renewable energy supply by 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerobic digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuable insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to Maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as Maldives in establishing sustainable, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Waste incineration Waste management Maldives Small Island Developing States Waste-to-energy

Photometric Studies of EV Cnc and AH Cnc in the Open Cluster M67

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 196-211页

作者： Mamatha Rani G. K.Sriram Deblina Lahiri vijaya,A. Department of Astronomy Osmania UniversityHyderabad 500007India

Contact binaries at various stages of evolution unveil various operating mechanisms that drive *** report the photometric and period variation analysis of two contact binaries EV Cnc and AH Cnc in open cluster *** observed the cluster from the JCBT 1.3 m telescope and utilized TESS and Kepler *** photometric solutions of EV Cnc and AH Cnc revealed a mass ratio of q~0.41 and~0.15 with an inclination of i=42°and87°*** solutions suggest that EV Cnc is probably a semi-detached and AH Cnc is a deep low-mass ratio contact *** study of O-C variation analysis indicates that for both systems,the period is increasing which suggests the mass transfer is occurring from secondary to *** the case of AH Cnc and based on simulations by randomly varying the time of minima to fit the LITE solution,we noted the third body orbital period to be around P_(3)=26.82±2.54 yr,which is different from earlier reported values and conclude that future observations are required to confirm this *** compare these two systems with other similar contact binaries to get an estimate of the final configuration of the respective systems.

关键词： (stars)binaries(including multiple) close-(stars)binaries eclipsing-stars activity

Preventive effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 on ovalbumin-induced food allergy in mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2346-2352页

作者： Jialu Shi Yan Xu Cheng Liu Shizhi Wang Jin Wang vijaya ragh.van Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering Ministry of Educationand Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009China Department of Bioresource Engineering Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMcGill UniversitySainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC H9X3V9Canada

Food allergy is a significant public health concern *** probiotics have been found to enhance food allergy by regulating immune-microbe interactions in animal models and ***,the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 on food allergy have not been thoroughly *** present study examined the anti-allergic properties of Probio-M8,particularly in relation to immune response and gut microbiota *** demonstrate that oral administration of Probio-M8 effectively mitigated the allergy symptoms triggered by ovalbumin(OVA)by ameliorating the morphological damage in the jejunum,reducing OVA-specific IgE and histamine levels in the serum,and suppressing Th2 cytokines(interleukin(IL)4 and IL-13)while increasing Th1 cytokines(interferon(IFN)γ)and regulatory T(Treg)cytokines(IL-10 and transforming growth factor(TGF)β1)in the culture supernatants of splenic ***,Probio-M8 effectively altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota,particularly the relative abundances of Akkermansia_muciniphila in OVA-induced *** to the OVA group,the Probio-M8 group showed a decrease in the relative abundance of Akkermansia_*** conclusion,Probio-M8 demonstrates the potential to alleviate food allergy by regulating the Th1/Th2 response and modulating gut microbiota,thereby offering a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with food allergy.

关键词： Food allergy Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 T cell immune response Gut microbiota

Layered Potassium Titanium Niobate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as a Potassium‑Ion Battery Anode

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 1-16页

作者： Charlie A.F.Nason Ajay Piriya vijaya Kumar Saroja Yi Lu Runzhe Wei Yupei Han Yang Xu Department of Chemistry University College London20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AJUK

With graphite currently leading as the most viable anode for potassium-ion batteries(KIBs),other materials have been left relatively *** metal oxides are among these,with many positive attributes such as synthetic maturity,longterm cycling stability and fast redox ***,to address this research deficiency we report herein a layered potassium titanium niobate KTiNbO5(KTNO)and its rGO nanocomposite(KTNO/rGO)synthesised via solvothermal methods as a high-performance anode for *** effective distribution across the electrically conductive rGO,the electrochemical performance of the KTNO nanoparticles was *** potassium storage performance of the KTNO/rGO was demonstrated by its first charge capacity of 128.1 mAh g^(−1) and reversible capacity of 97.5 mAh g^(−1) after 500 cycles at 20 mA g^(−1),retaining 76.1%of the initial capacity,with an exceptional rate performance of 54.2 mAh g^(−1)at 1 A g^(−1).Furthermore,to investigate the attributes of KTNO in-situ XRD was performed,indicating a low-strain ***-situ X-ray photoelectron spectra further investigated the mechanism of charge storage,with the titanium showing greater redox reversibility than the *** work suggests this lowstrain nature is a highly advantageous property and well worth regarding KTNO as a promising anode for future high-performance KIBs.

关键词： Potassium-ion batteries Intercalation Transition metal oxides Anodes Nanocomposite

Nonlocal isogeometric analysis for bidirectional functionally graded porous curved microbeams with arbitrary boundary conditions

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第8期40卷 194-218页

作者： Thu-Huong Nguyen Thi van Ke Tran van-Minh Phung van Hai Trinh Quoc Hoa Pham Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Hanoi University of IndustryHanoi100000Vietnam Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Le Quy Don Technical UniversityHanoi100000Vietnam Institute of Vehicle and Energy Engineering Le Quy Don Technical UniversityHanoi100000Vietnam Faculty of Engineering and Technology Nguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh City700000Vietnam

This research aims to analyze the static bending and free vibration behaviors of bidirectional functionally graded porous(BFGP)curved microbeams with elastic boundary conditions resting on a Pasternak’s elastic foundation in a hygro-thermal *** analysis based on non-uniform rational B-splines,first-order shear deformation theory,nonlocal elasticity theory combined with the modified strain gradient theories,modified Timoshenko beam theory are formulated to depict bending and shear deformations of BFGP curved ***,because using the modified Timoshenko beam theory,this study removes the requirement for a shear correction factor and describes shear stress by zero at the upper and lower cross-sectional sites of the BFGP curved *** from traditional boundary conditions,where the beginning and end positions of a curved beam are connected by an elastic system of straight and torsion *** allows for greater flexibility in controlling the stiffness of the springs to obtain arbitrary *** assess the accuracy and convergence of the proposed approach,validation numerical examples were conducted in the various examples.

关键词： Bidirectional functionally graded porous material Elastic boundary condition Isogeometric analysis Curved microbeams Nonlocal elasticity theory Modified strain gradient theory

Study of relationship between motion of mechanisms in gas operated weapon and its shock absorber

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 42-54页

作者： Jiri Balla Roman Vitek Dung Nguyen van Zbynek Krist Hung Nguyen van Department of Weapons and Ammunition University of Defence BrnoCzech Republic Department of Weapons Le Quy Don Technical UniversityHanoiViet Nam Department of Design and Special Engineering Alexander Dubcek University of TrencinSlovakia

The article deals with the motion of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing of an automatic weapon mounted on a flexible carriage and the base of the *** works,which did not consider the dynamic properties of the base of the weapon,did not allow to reconcile the calculated and experimental results of the weapon casing displacement when shooting from firing *** the analysis of the motion of individual parts,the methods of mathematical modelling and firing experiments using a high-speed camera were *** show the best accord with experiment when modelling the system with 4 degrees of *** oscillation of the system regarding the movement of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing was investigated under changed conditions of rate of fire,the use of a muzzle brake and different types of shock *** velocities and displacements of the weapon casing and the breech block carrier at different values of the impulse of the gases to the breech block carrier were determined.

关键词： Shock absorber Gas-operated weapon Force-impulse diagram Recoil system Breech block carrier

Mapping and understanding degradation of alpine wetlands in the northern Maloti-Drakensberg, southern Africa

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2956-2966页

作者： Johan van TOL Department of Soil Crop and Climate SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300South Africa

The alpine terrestrials of the Maloti-Drakensberg in southern Africa play crucial roles in ecosystem functions and livelihoods,yet they face escalating degradation from various factors including overgrazing and climate *** study employs advanced Digital Soil Mapping(DSM)techniques coupled with remote sensing to map and assess wetland coverage and degradation in the northern *** model achieved high accuracies of 96%and 92%for training and validation data,respectively,with Kappa statistics of 0.91 and 0.83,marking a pioneering automated attempt at wetland mapping in this *** attributes such as terrain wetness index(TWI)and valley depth(VD)exhibit significant positive correlations with wetland coverage and erosion gully density,Channel Network Depth and slope were negative *** density analysis revealed terrain attributes as dominant factors driving degradation,highlighting the need to consider catchment-specific susceptibility to *** challenge traditional assumptions which mainly attribute wetland degradation to external forces such as livestock overgrazing,ice rate activity and climate *** sensitivity map produced could serve as a basis for Integrated Catchment Management(ICM)projects,facilitating tailored conservation *** research should expand on this work to include other highland areas,explore additional covariates,and categorize wetlands based on hydroperiod and sensitivity to *** comprehensive study underscores the potential of DSM and remote sensing in accurately assessing and managing wetland ecosystems,crucial for sustainable resource management in alpine regions.

关键词： Digital Soil Mapping Gully density Integrated catchment management Remote sensing Wetland degradation

Stereoselective recognition of morphine enantiomers by μ-opioid receptor

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 183-191页

作者： Yibo Wang van A.Ngo Xiaohui Wang Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Advanced Computing for Life Sciences and Engineering Group Science Engagement Section National Center for Computational Sciences Oak Ridge National Lab School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences

Stereospecific recognition of chiral molecules plays a crucial role in biological systems. The μ-opioid receptor（MOR） exhibits binding affinity towards（-）-morphine, a well-established gold standard in pain management, while it shows minimal binding affinity for the（+）-morphine enantiomer, resulting in a lack of analgesic activity. Understanding how MOR stereoselectively recognizes morphine enantiomers has remained a puzzle in neuroscience and pharmacology for over half-a-century due to the lack of direct observation techniques. To unravel this mystery, we constructed the binding and unbinding processes of morphine enantiomers with MOR via molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics governing MOR's stereoselective recognition of morphine enantiomers. Our findings reveal that the binding of（-）-morphine stabilizes MOR in its activated state, exhibiting a deep energy well and a prolonged residence time. In contrast,（+）-morphine fails to sustain the activation state of ***, the results suggest that specific residues, namely D1142.50and D1473.32, are deprotonated in the active state of MOR bound to（-）-morphine. This work highlights that the selectivity in molecular recognition goes beyond binding affinities, extending into the realm of residence time.

关键词： stereoselective recognition thermodynamics and kinetics residence time morphine enantiomers μ-opioid receptor

Transient responses of double-curved sandwich two-layer shells resting on Kerr's foundations with laminated three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber surface and auxetic honeycomb core subjected to the blast load

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 222-247页

作者： Nguyen Thi Hai van Thi Hong Nguyen Researcher&Lecturer Faculty of Industrial EducationThe University of Danang-University of Technology and Education48 Cao ThangDanang550000Viet Nam Researcher&Lecturer Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringThuyloi University175 Tay SonDong DaHanoi100000Viet Nam

This work uses refined first-order shear theory to analyze the free vibration and transient responses of double-curved sandwich two-layer shells made of auxetic honeycomb core and laminated three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber surface subjected to the blast *** of the two layers that make up the double-curved shell structure is made up of an auxetic honeycomb core and two laminated sheets of three-phase polymer/GNP/*** exterior is supported by a Kerr elastic foundation with three *** key innovation of the proposed theory is that the transverse shear stresses are zero at two free surfaces of each *** contrast to previous first-order shear deformation theories,no shear correction factor is ***'s exact solution was used to treat the double-curved shell problem with a single title boundary,while the finite element technique and an eight-node quadrilateral were used to address the other boundary *** ensure the accuracy of these results,a thorough comparison technique is employed in conjunction with credible *** problem model's edge cases allow for this kind of *** study's findings may be used in the post-construction evaluation of military and civil works structures for their ability to sustain explosive *** addition,this is also an important basis for the calculation and design of shell structures made of smart materials when subjected to shock waves or explosive loads.

关键词： Blast load Two-layer shell Polymer/GNP/Fiber surface Auxetic honeycomb Shear connectors