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In-line digital holography for dynamic metrology of MEMS(Invited Paper)

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第12期7卷 1117-1122页

作者： vijay Raj singh Anand Asundi School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University

In-line digital holography helps to relax the spatial resolution requirement on charge-coupled device sensors for digital recording of holograms and to utilize the full sensing area for image reconstruction which provides larger field of view and better imaging resolution. In this letter, a lensless in-line digital holographic microscopy is presented for dynamic metrology of micro-electro-mechanical system devices. The methodologies of interferometry and time-averaged in-line digital holography are presented for dynamic measurements, which are also useful for simultaneous suppression of in-line waves from real image wave. The experimental results are presented for dynamic thermal characterization of microheater and vibration analysis of cantilevers.

关键词： line MEMS

Artificial neural network (ANNs) and mathematical modelling of hydration of green chickpea

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2021年第1期8卷 75-86页

作者： Yogesh Kumar Lochan singh vijay singh Sharanagat Ayon Tarafdar Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and ManagementHaryanaIndia Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and ManagementHaryanaIndia

The present study was aimed to model the hydration characteristics of green chickpea(GC)using mathematical modelling and examine predictive ability of artificial neural network(ANN)*** of GC was performed at different temperatures 25,35,45,55 and 65℃.Different mathematical models were tested for the hydration at different *** ANN modelling,the hydration time and hydration temperature were used as input variables and moisture ratio,moisture content and hydration ratio were taken as output *** model best described the hydration behavior at 25℃;while hydration at high-temperature was better described by Page model and Ibarz et *** optimum temperature obtained for hydration was 35℃.Effective mass diffusion coefficient(D_(e))increased from 1.5510^(-11)-1.7910^(-9) m^(2)/s with the increase in the hydration *** low activation energy(39.66 kJ/moL)shows the low-temperature sensitiveness of *** temperature hydration(25℃)required higher time(>200 min)to achieve the equilibrium moisture content(EMC),however high temperature hydration(35–65℃)reduced the EMC time(150 min).ANN was used to predict the hydration behavior and K fold cross validation was performed to check the over fitting of ANN *** show that the LOGSIGMOID transfer function showed better performance when used at the hidden layer input node in conjunction to both PURELIN and *** was found suitable for moisture ratio(MR)and hydration ratio(HR)prediction,as opposed to PURELIN for moisture content(MC)*** model prediction was obtained when the number of neurons in the hidden layer for MC,MR and HR was 12,8 and 15,*** and ANN modelling results are useful to improve/predict the MC,MR and HR during hydration process of GC at different temperature and other similar process.

关键词： Green chickpea Water absorption Hydration temperature ANN modeling

Digital Holography-A New Paradigm In Imaging, Microscopy and Metrology

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实验力学 2006年第1期21卷 1-10页

作者： Anand Asundi vijay Raj singh School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Digital Holography (DH) has brought a new impetus to the field of holography. The fields of imaging, microscopy and metrology have all benefited from these developments. In this paper some of these developments will be described with some applications in the fields of color imaging, amplitude and phase microscopy and dynamic metrology. It is envisaged that this field will rapidly advance in the next couple of years and become an expected imaging and measurement modality especially in the field of micro, nano and bio sciences.

关键词：数字全息术取样数字重构无透镜显微术相位反差

Cropping pattern optimization considering uncertainty of water availability and water saving potential

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第1期11卷 178-186页

作者： Lina Hao Xiaoling Su vijay P.singh College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Department of Biological&Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-2117USA

In arid and semi-arid areas,the profitability of irrigated agriculture mainly depends on the availability of water resources and optimal cropping patterns of irrigation *** this study,an integrated agricultural cropping pattern optimization model was developed with considering the uncertainty of water availability and water saving potential in the future,aiming to maximize agricultural net benefit per unit of irrigation *** available water which was based on the uncertainty of runoff was divided into five *** irrigation water-saving potential in the future was quantified by assuming an increase in the rate irrigation water-saving of 10% and 20%.The model was applied to the middle reaches of Heihe River basin,in Gansu Province,*** showed that if the irrigation water-saving rate was assumed to increase by 10%,then the net water-saving quantity would increase by 21.5-22.5 million m3 and the gross water-saving quantity would increase by 275.7-303.0 million ***,if the irrigation water-saving rate increased by 20%,then the net water-saving quantity would increase by 43.0-45.1 million m3 and the gross water-saving quantity would increase by 331.7-383.2 million *** the agricultural cropping pattern was optimized,the optimal water and cultivated area allocation for maize would be greater than those for other *** the premise that similar volume of irrigation water quantity was available in different scenarios,results showed differences in system benefit and net benefit per unit of irrigation water,for the distribution of available irrigation water was diverse in different irrigation districts.

关键词： cropping pattern optimization irrigation water-saving potential different scenarios water availability water use efficiency particle swarm optimization(PSO)

FORECASTING OF A NONLINEAR CASCADE FOR WATERSHED RUNOFF

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1989年第2期7卷 169-177页

作者：陈绳甲 vijay P.singh Wuhan Institute of Hydraulic and Electric Power Engineering Louisiana State University U.S.A

Forecasting of a nonlinear cascade was developed for modeling watershed runoff, and was tested by computing the direct runoff hydrograph for two rainfall- runoff events on a small watershed in China . The forecasting model was superior to Ding s variable unit hydrograph method and the method of limited differences for these two events.

关键词： runoff watershed rainfall reservoirs forecasting cascade hydrologic analogy flood outflow

Effects of heavy metal pollution of highway origin on soil nematode guilds in North Shenyang, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 193-198页

作者： HAN Dechang ZHANG Xiaoke TOMAR vijay Vikram singh LI Qi WEN Dazhong LIANG Wenju Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Biodiversity Research Laboratory Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Soil samples were collected with distance at 5, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 m from the Shen-Ha （Shenyang-Harbin） Highway, Northeast China, to investigate the effect of heavy metals of highway origin on soil nematode guilds. The contents of soil Pb, Cu, Zn, and the nematode community structure were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of total and available Pb, Ca, Zn varied significantly with the different distances from the highway. Pb was the main pollutant in the soils in the vicinity of Shen-Ha Highway. The zone from 20 to 40 m away from the highway was the most polluted area. The highest abundance of soil nematodes was found at 5 m while the lowest at 20 m away from the highway. Thirty six genera of nematodes belonging to 23 families were identified. Nematode guilds having different responses to soil heavy metals were classified into four types. Soil nematode guilds may act as a prominent indicator to heavy metal pollution of highway origin.

关键词： soil pollution of highway origin heavy metals soil nematode guilds

Vertical Sediment Concentration Distribution in High-Concentrated Flows:An Analytical Solution Using Homotopy Analysis Method

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第9期69卷 367-378页

作者： Manotosh Kumbhakar Jitraj Saha Koeli Ghoshal Jitendra Kumar vijay P.singh Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302India Department of Mathematics National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalliTamil Nadu 620015India Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering&Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A~M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Transport of suspended sediment in open channel flow has an enormous impact on real life situations,*** and management of reservoir sedimentation,geomorphic evolution such as dunes,rivers,and coastlines *** entails advection and *** diffusion is governed by the concept of Fick’s law,which is based on the molecular diffusion theory,and the equation that represents the distribution of sediment concentration is the advection-diffusion *** study uses the existing governing equation which considers different phases for solid and fluid,and then couples the two *** deal with high-concentrated flow,sediment and turbulent diffusion coefficients are taken to be different from each *** effect of hindered settling on sediment particles is incorporated in the governing equation,which makes the equation highly *** study derives an explicit closed-form analytical solution to the generalized one-dimensional diffusion equation representing the vertical sediment concentration distribution with an arbitrary turbulent diffusion coefficient *** solution is obtained by Homotopy Analysis Method,which does not rely on the small parameters present in the ***,the solution is validated by comparing it with the implicit solution and the numerical solution.A relevant set of laboratory data is selected to check the applicability of the model,and a close agreement shows the potential of the model in the context of application to high-concentrated sediment-laden open channel flow.

关键词： open channel flow diffusion equation hunt equation homotopy analysis method

Petrographic characteristics and paleoenvironmental history of Eocene lignites of Cambay basin, Western India

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第3期4卷 214-233页

作者： Prakash K. singh vijay K. singh M. P. singh P. K. Rajak Coal and Organic Petrology Lab Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221005 India

Lignite samples collected from Vastan, Rajpardi and Tadkeshwar lignite mines of Cambay basin （Gujarat） were subjected to organic petrographic investigations and geochemical analyses and the data, thus generated, is used to reconstruct the paleodepositional history of these lignite sequences. The lignites of Cambay basin dominantly comprise huminite maceral group （71.6%-86.3%） followed by liptinite （10.1%-19.3%） and inertinite （3.6%-11.0%） maceral groups. The mineral matter varies from 9.0% to 20.0%. The petrography based facies model indicates that these lignites have high values of gelification index （GI） and low tissue preservation index revealing a continuous wet condition in the basin and a relatively slower rate of subsidence during the decay of organic matter. On several occasions, during the formation of seams in Tadkeshwar, Rajpardi and Vastan mines, the value of GI exceeded 10 which indicates a forest permanently flooded and the cause of pronounced degree of degradation. However, few sections in Tadkeshwar seam had relatively drier spells of environmental conditions due to fluctuation in the water table as revealed by moderately high content of inertinite macerals. This is specially indicated by the occurrence of funginite which normally thrives in the upper oxy- genated peatigenic layer and indicates prevalence of oxic conditions during plant deposition. Such conditions prevailed during a transgressive phase but there were intermittent fluvial activities also giving rise to supratidal flood plain as reflected in the form of associated carbonaceous shales in the basin.

关键词： Cambay basin Western India Lignite Maceral Paleodepositional environment

Understanding the paleomires of Eocene lignites of Kachchh Basin, Gujarat （Western India）： petrological implications

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第2期4卷 80-101页

作者： Prakash K. singh vijay K. singh M. P. singh P. K. Rajak Coal and Organic Petrology Lab Centre of Advanced Studyin Geology Banaras Hindu University VaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005 India

The present paper entails the results of the investigations carried out on the lignite deposits of Kachchh Basin. The lignite samples were drawn from five lignite seams from Panandhro lignite field （Seam-I to -V） and eight lignite seams （Seam-I to -VIII） from the Matanomadh lignite field which are currently operational. The petrographic analysis of the lignites indicates a dominance of huminite group of macerals which is mainly contributed by ulminite-A, ulminite-B, attrinite, densinite, and phlobaphinite. Liptinite （chiefly sporinite, cutinite, resinite, and liptodetrinite） and inertinite （chiefly fusinite, funginite, and inertodetrinite） groups occur in subordinated amount. The mineral matter occurs in moderate concentration. Though sulfur content is high in these lignites, there is no fixed trend of variation of sulfur from bottom seam to top seam. The investigation reveals a flooded forest swamp having high rate of degradation. However, there were a few drier periods indicated by relatively more inertinite macerals. The petrography-based models indicate that the Kachchh lignites of Gujarat evolved in coastal marshy setting under transgressive phase. However, there were few intermittent fluvial activities giving rise to supratidal flood plain. This led to the formation of the associated carbonaceous shales in the basin.

关键词： Kachchh Basin Eocene lignite Petrography Paleomire