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Understanding Spatial Genome Organization:Methods and Insights

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2016年第1期14卷 7-20页

作者： vijay ramani Jay Shendure Zhijun Duan Department of Genome Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98109USA Division of Hematology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute SeattleWA 98195USA

The manner by which eukaryotic genomes are packaged into nuclei while maintaining crucial nuclear functions remains one of the fundamental mysteries in biology. Over the last ten years, we have witnessed rapid advances in both microscopic and nucleic acid-based approaches to map genome architecture, and the application of these approaches to the dissection of higher- order chromosomal structures has yielded much new information. It is becoming increasingly clear, for example, that interphase chromosomes form stable, multilevel hierarchical structures. Among them, self-associating domains like so-called topologically associating domains （TADs） appear to be building blocks for large-scale genomic organization. This review describes features of these broadly-defined hierarchical structures, insights into the mechanisms underlying their formation, our current understanding of how interactions in the nuclear space are linked to gene regulation, and important future directions for the field.

关键词： Chromatin ChromosomeEpigenomics 4D nucleomeHi-C

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β-Nickel hydroxide cathode material for nano-suspension redox flow batteries

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第3期11卷 401-409页

作者： Yue LI Cheng HE Javier PARRONDO vijay ramani Elena V. TIMOFEEVA Yujia DING Carlo SEGRE Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage Department of Energy Environmental and Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Dr. St. Louis MO 63130 USA Physics Department Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA

As part of an effort to build a prototype flow battery system using a nano-suspension containing β-Ni（OH）2 nanoparticles as the cathode material, nano-sized β-Ni（OH）2 particles with well-controlled particle size and morphology were synthesized via the one-step precipitation of a NiCl2 precursor. The composition and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The XRD patterns confirmed that β-Ni（OH）2 was successfully synthesized, while SEM results showed that the particle sizes range from 70 to 150 nm. To ensure that Ni（OH）2 could be employed in the nano-suspension flow battery, the electrochemical performance of the synthesized 13-Ni（OH）2 was initially tested in pouch cells through charge/discharge cycling. The phase transformations occurring during charge/discharge were investigated using in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy to obtain the shift in the oxidation state of Ni （X-ray adsorption near edge structure, XANES） and the distances between Ni and surrounding atoms in charged and discharged states （extended X-ray absorption fine structure, EXAFS）. XANES results indicated that the electrode in the discharged state was a mixture of phases because the edge position did not shift back completely. XAFS results further proved that the discharge capacity was provided by β-NiOOH and the ratio between β-Ni（OH）2 and γ-NiOOH in the electrode in the discharged state was 71：29. Preliminary nano-suspension tests in a lab-scale cell were conducted to understand the behavior of the nano-suspension during charge/discharge cycling and to optimize the operating conditions.

关键词： nano-suspension flow battery β-Ni(OH)2,scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction(XRD) X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES),extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)

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Quality of Life in Men Treated for Early Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Patient Preference Cohort Study

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第4期2卷 448-457页

作者： Carmel Nirupa Anandadas Susan Elizabeth Davidson Noel William Clarke Stephen Charles William Brown John Paul Logue Lynne Gilmore Richard Swindell Gerald Nicholas Collins Patrick Henry O’Reilly Guy David Wemyss-Holden Maurice Waiming Lau Pradip Madhukar Javle vijay Alini Chandi ramani Richard James Brough James Pinson Wylie Richard Andrew Cowan 不详

Objectives: In 1997, a study was launched to investigate the treatment of early prostate cancer. Using a patient preference design, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) and disease specific HRQOL was assessed prospectively to compare men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), hypo-fractionated conformal radiotherapy (CRT) or brachytherapy (BT). Methods: Patients with localised prostate cancer were counselled by a urological surgeon, clinical oncologist and specialist uro-oncology nurse. Patients received treatment according to individual preference. 430 men chose and received RP (n = 217), CRT (n = 161) and BT (n = 52). 354 (82%) completed pre-treatment RAND 36-Item Short-Form Health survey version-2 (SF36v2) and University of California, Los Angeles Prostate cancer index (UCLA-PCI) questionnaires. HRQOL score changes from baseline to 24 months were compared using Kruskall-Wallis test. Results: Pre-treatment, the CRT cohort scored lower for physical function (p = 0.0029) and general health perception (p = 0.0021). The BT cohort reported better baseline scores for urinary function (p = 0.0291), urinary bother (p = 0.0030), sexual function (p = 0.0009) and bowel bother (p = 0.0063). At 24 months, bowel function was similar for CRT and BT but both modalities were worse than RP (p = 0.0010). Urinary continence deteriorated most following RP (p < 0.0001) but BT had worse urinary bother (p = 0.0153). Sexual function deteriorated most following RP and BT (p < 0.0005). Percentages of patients achieving erections adequate for sexual activity (from baseline to 24 months) were 66% to 29% for RP, 62% to 49% for CRT and 88% to 65% for BT. Conclusion: This data demonstrates significant differences in disease specific quality-of-life between RP, CRT and BT and should be available for men with early prostate cancer making treatment decisions.

关键词： Early Prostate Cancer Quality of Life Patient Preference Prostatectomy Hypo-Fractionated Radiotherapy Brachytherapy

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Quality of Life in Men Treated for Early Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Patient Preference Cohort Study

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Journal of Cancer Therapy（癌症治疗） 2011年第4期

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