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Impacts of tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie,a hill station in the lower Himalayan range of India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第10期15卷 2276-2291页

作者： Sangeeta SUNDRIYAL vijay SHRIDHAR Sandeep MADHWAL kamal PANDEY Vikram sharma School of Environment&Natural Resources Doon UniversityDehradun-248001UtturakhandIndia Indian Institute of Remote Sensing Dehradun-248001UttarakhandIndia

Tourism in mountainous regions is a significant source of revenue generation. However, it has also been associated with many adverse environmental consequences. This study aims at assessing the negative impacts of the incessant upsurge in tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie, a well-known mountain tourist destination in India. The impact indicators for the region were identified and assessed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of field observations. The observations indicated the aggravation of traffic congestion, atmospheric pollution, undisposed solid waste, water scarcity and infrastructure unavailability as the prevalent issues, especially during the peak tourist months. The extent of the consequential damage to the environment was evaluated by conducting an assessment of tourism-induced human disturbance on the natural landscape of the town. Slope, slope aspect, vegetation cover, road network and drainage network were incorporated as thedetermining landscape attributes to prepare thematic maps of landscape quality(perceivable intrinsic properties) and landscape fragility(vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances) using GIS technique. An absorption capacity map was finally prepared to characterize the study area into regions of different conservation needs. The results identified the need for planning appropriate preservation strategies for different tourist places in the town. The study can be used by the policy makers for implementing the regulatory measures against potential disturbances due to mass-tourism.

关键词： Absorption capacity Analytical Hierarchy Process Geographic Information System Human interventions Landscape assessment Mountain Tourism Destination

Improved thermoelectric property of cation-substituted CaMnO_3

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第9期24卷 542-547页

作者： Pradeep kumar Subhash C.kashyap vijay kumar sharma H.C.Gupta Department of Physics Shyam Lal CollegeUniversity of Delhi Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

Single-phase pristine and cation-substituted calcium manganite（Ca1-xBixMn1-yVyO3-δ） polycrystalline samples were synthesized by the solid state reaction technique. Their thermoelectric properties were measured by a set up that was designed and assembled in the laboratory. The Ca1-x BixMn1-yVyO3-δsample with x = y = 0.04 has shown a power factor（S^2σ） of 176 μW/m/k^2 at 423 k, which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pristine sample（2.1 μW/m/k2）. The power factor of the substituted oxide remains almost temperature independent as the Seebeck coefficient increases monotonically with temperature, along with the simultaneous decrease in electrical resistivity which is attributed to enhanced electron density due to co-doping of bismuth and vanadium and grain boundary scattering. These cation-substituted calcium manganites can be used as a potential candidate for an n-type leg in a thermoelectric generator（module）.

关键词： thermoelectric materials solid state reaction Seebeck coefficient power factor

Excess mortality in elderly hip fracture patients:An Indian experience

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2023年第6期26卷 363-368页

作者： Jaiben George vijay sharma kamran Farooque Vivek Trikha Samarth Mittal Rajesh Malhotra Department of Orthopedic Surgery JPNA Trauma CentreAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Purpose:Hip fractures in elderly have a high ***,there is limited literature on the excess mortality seen in hip fractures compared to the normal *** purpose of this study was to compare the mortality of hip fractures with that of age and gender matched Indian ***:There are 283 patients with hip fractures aged above 50 years admitted at single centre prospectively enrolled in this *** were followed up for 1 year and the follow-up record was available for 279 *** was assessed during the follow-up from chart review and/or by telephonic ***-year mortality of Indian population was obtained from public *** mortality ratio(SMR)(observed mortality divided by expected mortality)was ***-Meir analysis was ***:The overall 1-year mortality was 19.0%(53/279).Mortality increased with age(pkely to die than the general *** mortality rates increased with age,the highest excess mortality was seen in relatively younger *** fracture mortality was even higher than that of myocardial infarction,breast cancer,and cervical cancer.

关键词： Hip fracture Mortality Excess mortality Indian Population Age Gender

High-efficiency CdTe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals in water enabled by photo-induced colloidal hetero-epitaxy of CdS shelling at room temperature

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Nano Research 2015年第7期8卷 2317-2328页

作者： Hakimeh Zare Maziar Marandi Somayeh Fardindoost vijay kumar sharma Aydan Yeltik Omid Akhavan Hilmi Volkan Demir Nima Taghavinia Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Shafif University of Technology Tehran 14588 Iran Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences Arak University Arak 38156-8-8349 Iran Department of Physics Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University Ankara Turkey Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays Microelectronics Division School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Physics and Applied Physics Division School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Physics Department ShafifUniversity of Technology Tehran 14588 Iran

We report high-efficiency CdTe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals synthesized in water by epitaxially growing CdS shells on aqueous CdTe cores at room temperature, enabled by the controlled release of S species under low-intensity ultraviolet （UV） light illumination. The resulting photo-induced dissociation of S2O2- ions conveniently triggers the formation of critical two-dimensional CdS epitaxy on the CdTe surface at room temperature, as opposed to initiating the growth of individual CdS core-only nanocrystals. This controlled colloidal hetero-epitaxy leads to a substantial increase in the photoluminescence （PL） quantum yield （QY） of the shelled nanocrystals in water （reaching 64%）. With a systematic set of studies, the maximum PL QY is found to be almost independent of the illuminating UV intensity, while the shell formation kinetics required for reaching the maximum QY linearly depends on the illuminating UV intensity. A stability study of the QD films in air at various temperatures shows highly improved thermal stability of the shelled QDs （up to 120 ℃ in ambient air）. These results indicate that the proposed aqueous CdTe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals hold great promise for applications requiring efficiency and stability.

关键词： CdTe/CDs,core/shell nanocrystal thermal stability photochemical

Parallel effects of β-adrenoceptor blockade on cardiac function and fatty acid oxidation in the diabetic heart: Confronting the maze

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World Journal of Cardiology 2011年第9期3卷 281-302页

作者： vijay sharma John H McNeill Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia BMJ Evidence Centre BMJ Group BMA House Tavistock Square London WC1H 9JR United Kingdom Department of Pathology Aberdeen Medical School Buildings Aberdeen Royal Infirmary

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a disease process in which diabetes produces a direct and continuous myocardial insult even in the absence of ischemic, hypertensive or valvular disease. The β-blocking agents bisoprolol, carvedilol and metoprolol have been shown in large-scale randomized controlled trials to reduce heart failure mortality. In this review, we summarize the results of our studies investigating the effects of β-blocking agents on cardiac function and metabolism in diabetic heart failure, and the complex inter-related mechanisms involved. Metoprolol inhibits fatty acid oxidation at the mitochondrial level but does not prevent lipotoxicity; its benefi cial effects are more likely to be due to prosurvival effects of chronic treatment. These studies have expanded our understanding of the range of effects produced by β-adrenergic blockade and showhow interconnected the signaling pathways of function and metabolism are in the heart. Although our initial hypothesis that inhibition of fatty acid oxidation would be a key mechanism of action was disproved, unexpected results led us to some intriguing regulatory mechanisms of cardiac metabolism. The fi rst was upstream stimulatory factor-2-mediated repression of transcriptional master regulator PGC-1α, most likely occurring as a consequence of the improved function; it is unclear whether this effect is unique to β-blockers, although repression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1 has not been reported with other drugs which improve function. The second was the identif ication of a range of covalent modifications which can regulate CPT-1 directly, mediated by a signalome at the level of the mitochondria. We also identif ied an important interaction between β-adrenergic signaling and caveolins, which may be a key mechanism of action of β-adrenergic blockade. Our experience with this labyrinthine signaling web illustrates that initial hypotheses and anticipat-ed directions do not have to be right in order to open up

关键词： Diabetes Heart failure β-blockers Cardiac metabolism Fatty acid oxidation

Sweet plasmonics： Sucrose macrocrystals of metal nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2015年第3期8卷 860-869页

作者： Talha Erdem Zeliha Soran-Erdem Pedro Ludwig Hernandez-Martinez vijay kumar sharma Halil Akcali Ibrahim Akcali Nikolai Gaponik Alexander Eychmeller Hilmi Volkan Demir Departments of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Physics UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute ot Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University Ankara 06800 Turkey School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Physical Chemistry TU Dresden Bergstrasse 66b D-O 1062 Dresden Germany

The realization of plasmonic structures generally necessitates expensive fabrication techniques, such as electron beam and focused ion beam lithography, allowing for the top-down fabrication of low-dimensional structures. Another approach to make plasmonic structures in a bottom-up fashion is colloidal synthesis, which is convenient for liquid-state applications or very thin solid films where aggregation problems are an important challenge. The architectures prepared using these methods are typically not robust enough for easy handling and convenient integration. Therefore, developing a new plasmonic robust platform having large-scale dimensions without adversely affecting the plasmonic features is in high demand. As a solution, here we present a new plasmonic composite structure consisting of gold nanoparticles （Au NPs） incorporated into sucrose macrocrystals on a large scale, while preserving the plasmonic nature of the Au NPs and providing robustness in handling at the same time. As a proof of concept demonstration, we present the fluorescence enhancement of green CdTe quantum dots （QDs） via plasmonic coupling with these Au NPs in the sucrose crystals. The obtained composite material exhibits centimeter scale dimensions and the resulting quantum efficiency （QE） is enhanced via the interplay between the Au NPs and CdTe QDs by 58% （from 24% to 38%）. Moreover, a shortening in the photoluminescence lifetime from 11.0 to 7.40 ns, which corresponds to a field enhancement factor of 2.4, is observed upon the introduction of Au NPs into the QD incorporated macrocrystals. These results suggest that such ＂sweet＂ plasmonic crystals are promising for large-scale robust platforms to embed plasmonic nanoparticles.

关键词： plasmonics macrocrystals metal nanoparticles metal enhancedfluorescence colloidal quantum dots

Prevalence of internet addiction among college students in the Indian setting:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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General Psychiatry 2021年第4期34卷 1-12,I0001-I0009页

作者： Jaison Joseph Abin Varghese vijay VR Manju Dhandapani Sandeep Grover Suresh sharma Deepika khakha Sucheta Mann Biji P Varkey College of Nursing Department of Psychiatric NursingPandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health SciencesRohtakHaryanaIndia College of Nursing Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research CentreBhopalIndia College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarOrissaIndia National Institute of Nursing Education Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia Department of Psychiatry Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpurRajasthanIndia College of Nursing AIl India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health SciencesRohtakHaryanaIndia

Background The internet is an integral part of everyone’s *** going adolescents are highly vulnerable to the misuse of the *** To estimate the pooled prevalence of internet addiction(IA)among college students in *** Literature databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,EMBASE,PsycINFO and Google Scholar)were searched for studies assessing IA using the Young Internet Addiction Test(Y-IAT)among adolescents from India,published in the English language up to December *** included studies from 2010 to 2020 as this is the marked era of momentum in wireless internet connectivity in *** methodological quality of each study was scored,and data were extracted from the published *** prevalence was estimated using the fixed-effects *** bias was evaluated using Egger’s test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel *** Fifty studies conducted in 19 states of India estimated the prevalence of IA and the overall prevalence of IA as 19.9%(95%CI:19.3%to 20.5%)and 40.7%(95%CI:38.7%to 42.8%)based on the Y-IAT cut-off scores of 50 and 40,*** estimated prevalence of severe IA was significantly higher in the Y-IAT cut-off points of 70 than 80(12.7%(95%CI:11.2%to 14.3%)vs 4.6%(95%CI:4.1%to 5.2%)).The sampling method and quality of included studies had a significant effect on the estimation of prevalence in which studies using non-probability sampling and low risk of bias(total quality score≥7)reported lower *** overall quality of evidence was rated as‘moderate’based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation *** Our nationally representative data suggest that about 20%to 40%of college students in India are at risk for *** is a need for further research in the reconsideration of Y-IAT cut-off points among Indian college students.

关键词： internet Google everyone

Cilostazol for secondary stroke prevention:systematic review and meta-analysis

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 410-423,I0035-I0053页

作者： Choon Han Tan Andrew GR Wu Ching-Hui Sia Aloysius ST Leow Bernard PL Chan vijay kumar sharma Leonard LL Yeo Benjamin YQ Tan Department of Medicine Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Cardiology National University Heart CentreSingapore Division of Neurology Department of MedicineNational University Health SystemSingapore

Background Stroke is one of the leading causes of death ***,an antiplatelet and phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor,has not been clearly established for ischaemic stroke *** aim to determine the efficacy and safety of cilostazol for secondary stroke *** MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science and *** were searched from inception to 25 September 2020,for randomised trials comparing the efficacy and safety of cilostazol monotherapy or dual therapy with another antiplatelet regimen or placebo,in patients with ischaemic *** 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials(RoB 2)was used to assess study *** meta-analysis was reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)*** Eighteen randomised trials comprising 11429 participants were included in this *** trials possessed low risk of bias and were of low *** significantly reduced the rate of ischaemic stroke recurrence(risk ratio,RR=0.69,95%CI 0.58 to 0.81),any stroke recurrence(RR=0.64,95%CI 0.54 to 0.74)and major adverse cardiovascular events(RR=0.67,95%CI 0.56 to 0.81).Cilostazol did not significantly decrease mortality(RR=0.90,95%CI 0.64 to 1.25)or increase the rate of good functional outcome(Modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1;RR=1.07,95%CI 0.95 to 1.19).Cilostazol demonstrated favourable safety profile,significantly reducing the risk of intracranial haemorrhage(RR=0.46,95%CI 0.31 to 0.68)and major haemorrhagic events(RR=0.49,95%CI 0.34 to 0.70).Conclusions Cilostazol demonstrated superior efficacy and safety profiles compared with traditional antiplatelet regimens such as aspirin and clopidogrel for secondary stroke prevention but does not appear to affect functional *** randomised trials can be conducted outside East Asia,or compare cilostazol with a wider range of antiplatelet agents.

关键词： prevention Cilostazol regimen

Outbreak Investigation of Cholera in a Slum of Northern India

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第4期4卷 243-247页

作者： Manoj kumar vijay Lakshmi sharma Centre for Public Health Panjab University Chandigarh India

Cholera is one of the oldest and best understood endemic diseases. An actual bacterial enteric disease, it is characterized in its severe form by sudden onset, profuse painless watery stools (rice-water stool), nausea and profuse vomiting early in the course of illness. Endemic and pandemics are strongly linked to the consumption of unsafe water, poor hygiene, poor sanitation and crowded living conditions. A rapid survey was conducted for the outbreak investigation on August 4, 2008. The objectives were to investigate the outbreak, risk factors for cholera and recommend control measures immediately. Questionnaire based random convenient sample based investigative study. 60 families were contacted by the public health students. Approximate 300 individuals were screened for cholera cases. Simultaneously six water samples were also collected from the contacted family. Microbiological test for Vibrio cholera and E. coli was conducted. Randomly six water samples were collected from the Rajive colony. Microbiological test for Vibrio cholera and E. coli was conducted from the department of Microbiology, PU. Vibrio cholera and E. coli were found absent, in all the samples. One sample was found positive for unidentified bacteria.

关键词： Cholera Slum