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Artificial neural network (ANNs) and mathematical modelling of hydration of green chickpea

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2021年第1期8卷 75-86页

作者： Yogesh Kumar Lochan singh vijay singh Sharanagat Ayon Tarafdar Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and ManagementHaryanaIndia Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and ManagementHaryanaIndia

The present study was aimed to model the hydration characteristics of green chickpea(GC)using mathematical modelling and examine predictive ability of artificial neural network(ANN)*** of GC was performed at different temperatures 25,35,45,55 and 65℃.Different mathematical models were tested for the hydration at different *** ANN modelling,the hydration time and hydration temperature were used as input variables and moisture ratio,moisture content and hydration ratio were taken as output *** model best described the hydration behavior at 25℃;while hydration at high-temperature was better described by Page model and Ibarz et *** optimum temperature obtained for hydration was 35℃.Effective mass diffusion coefficient(D_(e))increased from 1.5510^(-11)-1.7910^(-9) m^(2)/s with the increase in the hydration *** low activation energy(39.66 kJ/moL)shows the low-temperature sensitiveness of *** temperature hydration(25℃)required higher time(>200 min)to achieve the equilibrium moisture content(EMC),however high temperature hydration(35–65℃)reduced the EMC time(150 min).ANN was used to predict the hydration behavior and K fold cross validation was performed to check the over fitting of ANN *** show that the LOGSIGMOID transfer function showed better performance when used at the hidden layer input node in conjunction to both PURELIN and *** was found suitable for moisture ratio(MR)and hydration ratio(HR)prediction,as opposed to PURELIN for moisture content(MC)*** model prediction was obtained when the number of neurons in the hidden layer for MC,MR and HR was 12,8 and 15,*** and ANN modelling results are useful to improve/predict the MC,MR and HR during hydration process of GC at different temperature and other similar process.

关键词： Green chickpea Water absorption Hydration temperature ANN modeling

Cropping pattern optimization considering uncertainty of water availability and water saving potential

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第1期11卷 178-186页

作者： Lina Hao Xiaoling Su vijay P.singh College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Department of Biological&Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-2117USA

In arid and semi-arid areas,the profitability of irrigated agriculture mainly depends on the availability of water resources and optimal cropping patterns of irrigation *** this study,an integrated agricultural cropping pattern optimization model was developed with considering the uncertainty of water availability and water saving potential in the future,aiming to maximize agricultural net benefit per unit of irrigation *** available water which was based on the uncertainty of runoff was divided into five *** irrigation water-saving potential in the future was quantified by assuming an increase in the rate irrigation water-saving of 10% and 20%.The model was applied to the middle reaches of Heihe River basin,in Gansu Province,*** showed that if the irrigation water-saving rate was assumed to increase by 10%,then the net water-saving quantity would increase by 21.5-22.5 million m3 and the gross water-saving quantity would increase by 275.7-303.0 million ***,if the irrigation water-saving rate increased by 20%,then the net water-saving quantity would increase by 43.0-45.1 million m3 and the gross water-saving quantity would increase by 331.7-383.2 million *** the agricultural cropping pattern was optimized,the optimal water and cultivated area allocation for maize would be greater than those for other *** the premise that similar volume of irrigation water quantity was available in different scenarios,results showed differences in system benefit and net benefit per unit of irrigation water,for the distribution of available irrigation water was diverse in different irrigation districts.

关键词： cropping pattern optimization irrigation water-saving potential different scenarios water availability water use efficiency particle swarm optimization(PSO)

FORECASTING OF A NONLINEAR CASCADE FOR WATERSHED RUNOFF

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1989年第2期7卷 169-177页

作者：陈绳甲 vijay P.singh Wuhan Institute of Hydraulic and Electric Power Engineering Louisiana State University U.S.A

Forecasting of a nonlinear cascade was developed for modeling watershed runoff, and was tested by computing the direct runoff hydrograph for two rainfall- runoff events on a small watershed in China . The forecasting model was superior to Ding s variable unit hydrograph method and the method of limited differences for these two events.

关键词： runoff watershed rainfall reservoirs forecasting cascade hydrologic analogy flood outflow

Vertical Sediment Concentration Distribution in High-Concentrated Flows:An Analytical Solution Using Homotopy Analysis Method

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第9期69卷 367-378页

作者： Manotosh Kumbhakar Jitraj Saha Koeli Ghoshal Jitendra Kumar vijay P.singh Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302India Department of Mathematics National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalliTamil Nadu 620015India Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering&Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A~M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Transport of suspended sediment in open channel flow has an enormous impact on real life situations,*** and management of reservoir sedimentation,geomorphic evolution such as dunes,rivers,and coastlines *** entails advection and *** diffusion is governed by the concept of Fick’s law,which is based on the molecular diffusion theory,and the equation that represents the distribution of sediment concentration is the advection-diffusion *** study uses the existing governing equation which considers different phases for solid and fluid,and then couples the two *** deal with high-concentrated flow,sediment and turbulent diffusion coefficients are taken to be different from each *** effect of hindered settling on sediment particles is incorporated in the governing equation,which makes the equation highly *** study derives an explicit closed-form analytical solution to the generalized one-dimensional diffusion equation representing the vertical sediment concentration distribution with an arbitrary turbulent diffusion coefficient *** solution is obtained by Homotopy Analysis Method,which does not rely on the small parameters present in the ***,the solution is validated by comparing it with the implicit solution and the numerical solution.A relevant set of laboratory data is selected to check the applicability of the model,and a close agreement shows the potential of the model in the context of application to high-concentrated sediment-laden open channel flow.

关键词： open channel flow diffusion equation hunt equation homotopy analysis method

Effects of heavy metal pollution of highway origin on soil nematode guilds in North Shenyang, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 193-198页

作者： HAN Dechang ZHANG Xiaoke TOMAR vijay Vikram singh LI Qi WEN Dazhong LIANG Wenju Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Biodiversity Research Laboratory Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Soil samples were collected with distance at 5, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 m from the Shen-Ha （Shenyang-Harbin） Highway, Northeast China, to investigate the effect of heavy metals of highway origin on soil nematode guilds. The contents of soil Pb, Cu, Zn, and the nematode community structure were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of total and available Pb, Ca, Zn varied significantly with the different distances from the highway. Pb was the main pollutant in the soils in the vicinity of Shen-Ha Highway. The zone from 20 to 40 m away from the highway was the most polluted area. The highest abundance of soil nematodes was found at 5 m while the lowest at 20 m away from the highway. Thirty six genera of nematodes belonging to 23 families were identified. Nematode guilds having different responses to soil heavy metals were classified into four types. Soil nematode guilds may act as a prominent indicator to heavy metal pollution of highway origin.

关键词： soil pollution of highway origin heavy metals soil nematode guilds

Petrographic characteristics and paleoenvironmental history of Eocene lignites of Cambay basin, Western India

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第3期4卷 214-233页

作者： Prakash K. singh vijay K. singh M. P. singh P. K. Rajak Coal and Organic Petrology Lab Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221005 India

Lignite samples collected from Vastan, Rajpardi and Tadkeshwar lignite mines of Cambay basin （Gujarat） were subjected to organic petrographic investigations and geochemical analyses and the data, thus generated, is used to reconstruct the paleodepositional history of these lignite sequences. The lignites of Cambay basin dominantly comprise huminite maceral group （71.6%-86.3%） followed by liptinite （10.1%-19.3%） and inertinite （3.6%-11.0%） maceral groups. The mineral matter varies from 9.0% to 20.0%. The petrography based facies model indicates that these lignites have high values of gelification index （GI） and low tissue preservation index revealing a continuous wet condition in the basin and a relatively slower rate of subsidence during the decay of organic matter. On several occasions, during the formation of seams in Tadkeshwar, Rajpardi and Vastan mines, the value of GI exceeded 10 which indicates a forest permanently flooded and the cause of pronounced degree of degradation. However, few sections in Tadkeshwar seam had relatively drier spells of environmental conditions due to fluctuation in the water table as revealed by moderately high content of inertinite macerals. This is specially indicated by the occurrence of funginite which normally thrives in the upper oxy- genated peatigenic layer and indicates prevalence of oxic conditions during plant deposition. Such conditions prevailed during a transgressive phase but there were intermittent fluvial activities also giving rise to supratidal flood plain as reflected in the form of associated carbonaceous shales in the basin.

关键词： Cambay basin Western India Lignite Maceral Paleodepositional environment

Understanding the paleomires of Eocene lignites of Kachchh Basin, Gujarat （Western India）： petrological implications

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第2期4卷 80-101页

作者： Prakash K. singh vijay K. singh M. P. singh P. K. Rajak Coal and Organic Petrology Lab Centre of Advanced Studyin Geology Banaras Hindu University VaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005 India

The present paper entails the results of the investigations carried out on the lignite deposits of Kachchh Basin. The lignite samples were drawn from five lignite seams from Panandhro lignite field （Seam-I to -V） and eight lignite seams （Seam-I to -VIII） from the Matanomadh lignite field which are currently operational. The petrographic analysis of the lignites indicates a dominance of huminite group of macerals which is mainly contributed by ulminite-A, ulminite-B, attrinite, densinite, and phlobaphinite. Liptinite （chiefly sporinite, cutinite, resinite, and liptodetrinite） and inertinite （chiefly fusinite, funginite, and inertodetrinite） groups occur in subordinated amount. The mineral matter occurs in moderate concentration. Though sulfur content is high in these lignites, there is no fixed trend of variation of sulfur from bottom seam to top seam. The investigation reveals a flooded forest swamp having high rate of degradation. However, there were a few drier periods indicated by relatively more inertinite macerals. The petrography-based models indicate that the Kachchh lignites of Gujarat evolved in coastal marshy setting under transgressive phase. However, there were few intermittent fluvial activities giving rise to supratidal flood plain. This led to the formation of the associated carbonaceous shales in the basin.

关键词： Kachchh Basin Eocene lignite Petrography Paleomire

Nanotube photovoltaic configuration for enhancement of carrier generation and collection

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Nano Research 2015年第10期8卷 3186-3196页

作者： Hongmei Dang vijay P. singh Sai Guduru Suresh Rajaputra Zhi David Chen DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering andCenterforNanoscaleScienceandEngineering(CeNSE)UniversityofKentuckyLexingtonKY40506-0046USA

We report on the growth of geometric feature tuned semiconductor nanotubes on a transparent substrate through the application of an anodic aluminum oxide membrane-assisted method. Three-dimensional nanotube solar cells are developed in which semiconductor absorbers are not only used to fill the inner core of the nanotubes, but also to replace the membrane and to fill the intertube space between the nanotubes. The nanotube solar cells generate and separate carriers in three dimensions, namely, inside the cores of the nanotubes, in the intertube space between the nanotubes along the radial direction, and above the nanotubes along the axial direction. In preliminary experiments conducted to demonstrate the potential of this approach, nanotube CdS-CdTe solar cells were fabricated. CdS nanotubes with an inner diameter, wall thickness and intertube spacing of 35, 20, and 35 nm, respectively, were grown; the porosity and CdS nanotube density were 36.5% and 2.26 × 10^10 nanotubes/cm^2, respectively. These features of CdS nanotubes enable more efficient carrier collection because of the reduced recombination, especially in those cases in which the minority carrier lifetime is short, thus resulting in a diffusion length of less than 100 nm. Nanotube CdS-CdTe solar cells exhibit a wide and strong spectral response and quantum efficiency, indicating enhanced light absorption and carrier generation and collection. Without the benefit of an antireflection coating, the cells exhibited a wide and strong spectral response of quantum efficiency, and a short current density of 25.5 mA/cm^2, an open circuit voltage of 750 mV, and a power conversion efficiency of 10.7% under 1-sun illumination. The materials and electro-optical characterizations indicated well-defined junction and interface behavior in these 3D nanotube solar cell configurations.

关键词： cadmium sulfide nanotube three-dimensionalnanotube solar cells membrane-assistedpatterning carrier generation andcollection

Spatiotemporal distribution of soil moisture in gully facies

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第1期8卷 15-25页

作者： Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi Gholam Ali Ghaffari Abdulsaleh Rangavar Zeinab Hazbavi vijay P.singh Department of Watershed Management Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesMember of Agrohydrology GroupTarbiat Modares UniversityNoor***Mazandaran ProvinceIran Department of Watershed Management Engineering Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoor46417-76489Iran Scientific Member of Khorasan Razavi Research Centre for Agriculture and Natural Resources MashhadIran Watershed Management Sciences and Engineering Department of Watershed Management EngineeringFaculty of Natural ResourcesTarbiat Modares UniversityIran Department of Watershed Management Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoor ***Mazandaran ProvinceIran Water Engineering Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering&Zachry Department of CivilEngineeringTexas A and M UniversityCollege StationTX77843-2117USA

Gully erosion is one of the most important forms of land degradation in many regions of the *** the process of gully erosion therefore is important for better management of the wa-tersheds prone to gully ***,many different aspects of gully erosion,like hydrological behavior,are still not fully *** present study investigates the spatial distribution of soil moisture content(SMC),as one of the hydrological factors,at different depths and points across the cross section in the vicinity of the headcut of three gullies located in the Kalat County,Khorasan Razavi Province,*** were measured at depths of 10,20,30,50,70 and 100 cm at each seven points across the study cross sections one to three days after occurrence of three rain *** sampling points were symmetrically located at a distance of 50 cm outside the gully banks,two at the vertex of the sidewalls,two in the middle of the sidewalls and one at the center of gully cross *** were measured using a weighted *** of the study revealed a broad range of changes in SMCs at various depths and *** minimum and maximum SMCs were found to be about 2%and 38%,respectively,for the study period and gullies under *** coefficient of variation(CV)had drastic changes for various gullies and storm events from 2 to 107%.Results further indicated that SMC moved from the sidewalls towards the floor of the cross ***,the maximum SMC for storm events was associated with the point located in the center of gullies,which indicated the role of gully system in draining soil *** findings of this study will help watershed managers un-derstand the important role of gully facies in changing water content of the soil that affects other eco-hydrological processes.

关键词： Soil moisture capacity Soil water Subsurface runoff Water erosion