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开放教育:一个有待进一步研究的领域

中国远程教育 2021年第2期 46-58,77页

作者： [德]奥拉夫·扎瓦克奇-里克特 [加]黛安·康拉德阿拉斯·博兹库尔特坚吉兹·哈坎·艾登斯韦尼亚·贝登利耶郑仁星约阿希姆·斯图特乔治·韦利特西亚诺斯丽莎·玛丽·布拉斯科梅丽莎·邦德安德里亚·布朗斯艾丽莎·布鲁恩卡莱娜·多尔西马可·卡尔兹迈克尔·克雷斯亚萨尔·孔达奇维多利亚·马林克斯汀·梅伯格沃尔夫冈·穆斯肯斯索姆·奈杜阿德南·卡尤姆詹妮弗·罗伯茨艾伯特·桑格拉弗兰克·森约·洛各洛帕特丽夏·J.斯莱格·范·特伦肖俊洪(译) 德国奥尔登堡大学开放教育研究中心COER团队德国奥尔登堡卡尔·冯·奥西茨基大学土耳其阿纳多卢大学德国埃尔朗根-纽伦堡弗里德里希·亚历山大大学日本国际基督教大学加拿大皇家大学欧洲远程E-Learning网络协会英国伦敦大学学院德国海德堡教育大学杜伊斯堡-埃森大学中东技术大学德国汉堡大学斐济南太平洋大学美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学南非大学西班牙加泰罗尼亚奥贝塔大学美国东卡罗来纳州立大学中国汕头开放大学不详

本文阐述高等教育背景下开放教育的内容。文章首先介绍开放教育的起源及其理论基础,随后根据远程开放学习研究的宏观、中观和微观层次框架讨论远程开放学习、开放教育实践、开放学术、开放教育资源、慕课、先前学习认定、学习者特征和... 详细信息

本文阐述高等教育背景下开放教育的内容。文章首先介绍开放教育的起源及其理论基础,随后根据远程开放学习研究的宏观、中观和微观层次框架讨论远程开放学习、开放教育实践、开放学术、开放教育资源、慕课、先前学习认定、学习者特征和开放教育国际化等主题的内容。最后从宏观、中观和微观层面提出今后的研究方向。

关键词：开放教育开放学习远程教育灵活学习在线学习开放教育资源国际化

气候变化对北极淡水生态系统的水文生态学影响

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AmBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 347-357页

作者： Terry D.Prowse Frederick J.Wrona James D.Reist John J.Gibson John E.Hobbie Lucie m.J.Lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 梁虹 Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Water Science and Technology Directoratec/o Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria marine Biological Laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'études nordiques Université Laval

北极淡水-陆地系统变暖的速度通常大于全球平均速度,特别是在秋季和冬季。许多低温层组分的减少或消失,以及从多雪到多雨气候类型的转变将对淡水生态系统产生多种影响,其中最显著的是春汛优势地位的下降和河冰融解强度的变化。无冰期的... 详细信息

北极淡水-陆地系统变暖的速度通常大于全球平均速度,特别是在秋季和冬季。许多低温层组分的减少或消失,以及从多雪到多雨气候类型的转变将对淡水生态系统产生多种影响,其中最显著的是春汛优势地位的下降和河冰融解强度的变化。无冰期的延长、气温和水温的升高、高蒸腾植物的增加,以及永久冻土融化引起的渗透性增加将使植物蒸腾作用或土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量增加,从而造成地表水位和面积下降。冰盖和永久冻土的减少、水温升高和植被类型变化对水化学的影响通常是使激流和静水群落生产力增加。冰盖和淡水流量或水位的变化导致北极圈动物栖息地可获得性和质量的某些方面的变化。

关键词：淡水生态系统北极圈土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量气候变化生态学水文平均速度地表水位

Preserving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease:The Alzheimer's disease neuroprotection research initiative(ADNRI)

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Neuroprotection 2023年第2期1卷 84-98页

作者： Jie Liu Heleen van Beusekom Xian-Le Bu Gong Chen Paulo Henrique Rosado de Castro Xiaochun Chen Xiaowei Chen Andrew N.Clarkson Tracy D.Farr Yuhong Fu Jianping Jia Jukka Jolkkonen Woojin Scott Kim Paula Korhonen Shen Li Yajie Liang Guang-Hui Liu Guiyou Liu Yu-Hui Liu Tarja malm Xiaobo mao Joaquim miguel Oliveira mike m.modo Pedro Ramos-Cabrer Karsten Ruscher Weihong Song Jun Wang Xuanyue Wang Yun Wang Haitao Wu Lize Xiong Yi Yang Keqiang Ye Jin-Tai Yu Xin-Fu Zhou marietta Zille Colin L.masters Piotr Walczak Boltze Johannes Xunming Ji Yan-Jiang Wang Department of Neurology Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases ChongqingChina Division of Experimental Cardiology Department of CardiologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands Institute of Brain and Intelligence Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Guangdong-HongKong-macao Institute of CNS Regeneration(GHmICR) Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Fujian Key Laboratory of molecular Neurology Department of Neurology and GeriatricsFujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalInstitute of NeuroscienceFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina Guangyang Bay Laboratory Chongqing Institute for Brain and IntelligenceChongqingChina Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Department of Anatomy Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New ZealandUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand School of Life Sciences University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Brain and mind Centre&School of medical Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina A.I.Virtanen Institute for molecular Sciences University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Sci

The global trend toward aging populations has resulted in an increase in the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and associated socioeconomic *** metabolism of amyloid-β(Aβ)has been proposed as a significant pathomechanism in AD,supported by results of recent clinical trials using anti-Aβ***,the cognitive benefits of the current treatments are *** etiology of AD is multifactorial,encompassing Aβand tau accumulation,neuroinflammation,demyelination,vascular dysfunction,and comorbidities,which collectively lead to widespread neurodegeneration in the brain and cognitive ***,solely removing Aβfrom the brain may be insufficient to combat neurodegeneration and preserve *** attain effective treatment for AD,it is necessary to(1)conduct extensive research on various mechanisms that cause neurodegeneration,including advances in neuroimaging techniques for earlier detection and a more precise characterization of molecular events at scales ranging from cellular to the full system level;(2)identify neuroprotective intervention targets against different neurodegeneration mechanisms;and(3)discover novel and optimal combinations of neuroprotective intervention strategies to maintain cognitive function in AD *** Alzheimer's Disease Neuroprotection Research Initiative's objective is to facilitate coordinated,multidisciplinary efforts to develop systemic neuroprotective strategies to combat *** aim is to achieve mitigation of the full spectrum of pathological processes underlying AD,with the goal of halting or even reversing cognitive decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease early intervention neural regeneration neuroprotection systematic perspective

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腹部平片在评估非外伤急诊病人中的作用

国际医学放射学杂志 2008年第A6期31卷 488-488页

作者： Z.S.Kellow m.macInnes D.Kurzencwyg S.Rawal R.Jaffer B.Kovaci-na 赵静 Department of Radiology Royal Victoria HospitalMcGill University687 Pine Ave WMontrealQCCanada H3A 1A1.

目的探讨腹部平片对非外伤急诊病人的诊断作用。方法经专业机构负责人同意,回顾性分析6个月以来非外伤急诊病人的腹部平片和病历记录。

关键词：急诊病人诊断作用腹部平片检查病历记录影像学检查病人数量急诊科医生胃肠道造影导管位置

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北极淡水生态系统的历史变化

AmBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 339-346页

作者： Terry D.Prowse Frederick J.Wrona James D.Reist JohnJ.Gibson John E.Hobbie Lucie m.J.Lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 李四海 Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent marine Biological Laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'éudes nordiques Université Laval

各类基于生态系统的气候替代数据一直用于评估北极过去的变化。虽然由于河流物质的持续性重新建构使流水生态系统的记录相对缺乏,但可通过高质量静水生态系统数据的组合,回溯到环北极地区的更新世末期和冰川消失时期。总之,可以部分地... 详细信息

各类基于生态系统的气候替代数据一直用于评估北极过去的变化。虽然由于河流物质的持续性重新建构使流水生态系统的记录相对缺乏,但可通过高质量静水生态系统数据的组合,回溯到环北极地区的更新世末期和冰川消失时期。总之,可以部分地归因于冰川覆盖收缩效应的变化引起的全新世的气候变化,使北极的水文和淡水生态系统产生了重要的时空变化。特别值得注意的是,在长期的润湿时期,北部泥炭地得到了大规模扩展。较近期的湖泊生物区和沉积学数据揭示了在过去1～2个世纪期间出现的一般性气候变暖趋势,并且表明了淡水特征,譬如冰盖持续时间和热量层化的主要变化。这些数据为预测和量测气候变化对未来的影响提供了一个极好的依据基线。

关键词：淡水生态系统北极地区气候变化历史替代数据收缩效应时空变化变暖趋势

FungalTraits:a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第2期105卷 I0001-I0016页

作者： Sergei Põlme Kessy Abarenkov RHenrik Nilsson Björn D.Lindahl Karina Engelbrecht Clemmensen Havard Kauserud Nhu Nguyen Rasmus Kjøller Scott T.Bates Petr Baldrian Tobias Guldberg Frøslev Kristjan Adojaan Alfredo Vizzini Ave Suija Donald Pfister Hans-Otto Baral Helle Järv Hugo madrid Jenni Nordén Jian-Kui Liu Julia Pawlowska Kadri Põldmaa Kadri Pärtel Kadri Runnel Karen Hansen Karl-Henrik Larsson Kevin David Hyde marcelo Sandoval-Denis matthew E.Smith merje Toome-Heller Nalin N.Wijayawardene Nelson menolli Jr Nicole K.Reynolds Rein Drenkhan Sajeewa S.N.maharachchikumbura Tatiana B.Gibertoni Thomas Læssøe William Davis Yuri Tokarev Adriana Corrales Adriene mayra Soares Ahto Agan Alexandre Reis machado Andrés Argüelles-moyao Andrew Detheridge Angelina de meiras-Ottoni Annemieke Verbeken Arun Kumar Dutta Bao-Kai Cui C.K.Pradeep César marín Daniel Stanton Daniyal Gohar Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Eveli Otsing Farzad Aslani Gareth W.Griffith Thorsten H.Lumbsch Hans-Peter Grossart Hossein masigol Ina Timling Inga Hiiesalu Jane Oja John Y.Kupagme József Geml Julieta Alvarez-manjarrez Kai Ilves Kaire Loit Kalev Adamson Kazuhide Nara Kati Küngas Keilor Rojas-Jimenez Krišs Bitenieks Laszlo Irinyi LászlóGNagy Liina Soonvald Li-Wei Zhou Lysett Wagner m.Catherine Aime maarjaÖpik maría Isabel mujica martin metsoja martin Ryberg martti Vasar masao murata matthew PNelsen michelle Cleary milan C.Samarakoon mingkwan Doilom mohammad Bahram Niloufar Hagh-Doust Olesya Dulya Peter Johnston Petr Kohout Qian Chen Qing Tian Rajasree Nandi Rasekh Amiri Rekhani Hansika Perera Renata dos Santos Chikowski Renato L.mendes-Alvarenga Roberto Garibay-Orijel Robin Gielen Rungtiwa Phookamsak Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Saleh Rahimlou Samantha C.Karunarathna Saowaluck Tibpromma Shawn P.Brown Siim-Kaarel Sepp Sunil mundra Zhu-Hua Luo Tanay Bose Tanel Vahter Tarquin Netherway Teng Yang Tom may Torda Varga Wei Li Victor Rafael matos Coimbra Virton Rodrigo Targino de Oliveira Vitor Xavier de Lima Vladimir S.mikryukov Yongzhong Lu Yosuke matsuda Yumiko miyamoto Urm Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu14A Ravila50411 TartuEstonia Natural History museum University of Tartu46 Vanemuise Str51003 TartuEstonia Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Box 46140530 GothenburgSweden Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 701475007 UppsalaSweden Department of Forest mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 702675007 UppsalaSweden Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology(EvoGene) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloP.O.Box 1066BlindernNO-0316 OsloNorway University of Hawaiʻi at mānoa 3190 Maile WaySt.John 102HonoluluHIUSA Department of Biology University of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenØDenmark Purdue University Northwest WestvilleIN 46391USA Institute of microbiology Czech Academy of SciencesVidenska 108314220 Praha 4Czech Republic GLOBE Institute University of CopenhagenØster Farimagsgade 5KH7.2.321353 CopenhagenDenmark Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universitàdi TorinoViale Mattioli 2510125 TorinoItaly Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Farlow Library and Herbarium Harvard University22 Divinity AveCambridgeMA 02138USA Blaihofstr.42 72074 TübingenGermany SYNLAB Estonia Veerenni 53aTallinn 11313Estonia Escuela de Tecnología médica Universidad Santo TomásLos Carreras 753OsornoChile Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática Universidad MayorCamino La Pirámide 5750HuechurabaSantiagoChile Norwegian Institute for Nature Research(NINA) Sognsveien 680855 OsloNorway School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Evolutionary Biology Faculty of BiologyBiological and Chemical Research CentreUniversity of Warsawul.Zwirki i Wigury 10102-089 WarsawPoland Department of Botany Swedish Museum of

The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental *** the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and ***,in spite of the progress of molecular methods,knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains *** order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis *** the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge,we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera,*** resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera,designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental *** order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses,the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS *** the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1%dissimilarity threshold.

关键词： Fungal traits Trophic modes Function Guild Bioinformatics High-throughput sequencing Community ecology

One stop shop:backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera:Ⅰ(2014)

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第4期 21-125页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde R.Henrik Nilsson S.Aisyah Alias Hiran A.Ariyawansa Jaime E.Blair Lei Cai Arthur W.A.m.de Cock Asha J.Dissanayake Sally L.Glockling Ishani D.Goonasekara michal Gorczak matthias Hahn Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jan A.L.van Kan matthew H.Laurence C.AndréLévesque Xinghong Li Jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa S.N.maharachchikumbura Dimuthu S.manamgoda Frank N.martin Eric H.C.mcKenzie Alistair R.mcTaggart Peter E.mortimer Prakash V.R.Nair Julia Pawlowska Tara L.Rintoul Roger G.Shivas Christoffel F.J.Spies Brett A.Summerell Paul W.J.Taylor Razak B.Terhem Dhanushka Udayanga Niloofar Vaghefi Grit Walther mateusz Wilk marta Wrzosek Jian-Chu Xu JiYe Yan Nan Zhou Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China World Agroforestry Centre East Asia NodeHeilongtanKunming 650201People’s Republic of China Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Botany and microbiology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgBox 46140530 GöteborgSweden Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences(IOES) C308Institute of Postgraduate Studies BuildingUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Biology Franklin&Marshall CollegeLancasterPAUSA State Key Laboratory of mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 People’s Republic of China CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre Uppsalalaan 83584CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionNo.9 of ShuguanghuayuanzhongluHaidian DistrictBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China 135 Brodrick Road Eastbourne BN229RAEast SussexUK Department of Plant Systematics and Geography Faculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawAl.Ujazdowskie 400-478WarsawPoland Department of Biology TU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrodinger-StraBe67663 KaiserslauternGermany Laboratory of Phytopathology Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Mrs Macquaries RdSydneyNew South Wales 2000Australia Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Central Experimental FarmOttawaONCanada United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceSalinasCAUSA Landcare Research Private Bag92170 AucklandNew Zealand Department of Agriculture Fisheries and ForestryEcosciences PrecinctDutton ParkQueensland 4102Australia Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of

many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and *** are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/*** identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi,while important,is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these ***(DNA sequence)data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies,although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical *** facilitate current and future research,this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,mucormycotina(Fungi),and Oomycota,using recent molecular data,up-to-date names,and the latest taxonomic *** laboratory protocols together with advice on their application,as well as general observations,are also *** hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data *** of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future ***,Botryosphaeriaceae,Botryosphaeria,Botrytis,Choanephora,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,Dothiorella,Fusarium,Gilbertella,Lasiodiplodia,mucor,Neofusicoccum,Pestalotiopsis,Phyllosticta,Phytophthora,Puccinia,Pyrenophora,Pythium,Rhizopus,Stagonosporopsis,Ustilago and Verticillium are dealt with in this paper.

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Endophytes mucormycotina molecular identification Oomycota Plant pathogens Protozoa