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Evaluation of Ocimum basilicum *** Different Concentrations of K^(+)as an Inhibitor of Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 533-541页

作者： Mercedes Georgina Ramírez-Aragón victoria jared borroel-garcía Ramón Valenzuela-Soto Ricardo David Valdez-Cepeda Francisco Javier Wong-Corral JoséLuis garcía-Hernández Universidad Politécnica de Gómez Palacio Gómez Palacio35120México Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Centro Regional Universitario Centro-NorteZacatecasZac.Universidad Autónoma de ZacatecasFacultad de MatemáticasZacatecas98053México Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos Universidad de SonoraHermosillo83000México Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia Universidad Juárez del Estado de DurangoGómez Palacio34000México

The extraction of bioactive compounds has become one of the most interesting areas of modern *** therapeutic reasons,it´s important to obtain antimicrobial agents from natural *** objective of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of basil(Ocimum basilicum *** Rubin)subjected to different concentrations of potassium(K^(+))on the activity of three bacterial strains that are pathogens in *** was evaluated by inhibition surface and these results were compared to two antibiotics:Gentamicin(GE)and Ciprofloxacin(CPF)for their efficacy against each bacterial *** variables presented significant difference(p≤0.05).According to the results,basil extract evaluated showed positive antibacterial activity against the three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus on Mueller Hinton *** was observed highest inhibition areas of different diameters(15.3 mm,21.3 mm and 21.6 mm respectively)when the extract used was obtained from the plants with the highest concentration of potassium(13 mmol L-1).These values were even superior to the highest values showed on the treatments with the antibiotic gentamicin.

关键词： Basil inhibition potassium secondary metabolites antibiotics

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An Analysis of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Communities in Lake victoria, Kenya on Microcystin Toxicity

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第3期12卷 198-210页

作者： Cecilia Githukia David Onyango Dorcas Lusweti Rose Ramkat Chrispin Kowenje jared Miruka Henry Lung’ayia Paul Orina Kegati Aquaculture Centre Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute Kisii Kenya Department of Zoology Maseno University Maseno Kenya Department of Biological and Physical Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Kisumu Centre Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute Kisumu Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega Kenya

Exposure to microcystin poses a potential health hazard to humans and other living organisms. This results from eutrophication and warrants an investigation into the problem of microcystin toxicity in Lake victoria. This study was conducted in Homa Bay, Kisumu, Siaya and Busia counties to understand the effects of microcystin toxicity among fisherfolk and lake riparian communities. Data collection involved 90 semi-structured questionnaires, 11 key informant interviews and seven focus group discussions. Water samples were also collected and analysed for algal toxins. Data were analysed using Stata version 13 (Stata Corp, College Station, Texas, USA) and SPSS version 18.0. Majority (73.3%) of the fisherfolk were aware of microcystin toxicity in the lake with no significant difference in the awareness of microcystin toxicity between men and women (χ2 = 1.1, df = 1, p = 0.293). Most of the respondents relied on lake (48.9%) and tap water (47.8%) with paltry sourcing water from borehole (16.8%) and rain (7.8%). There was no association between level of education and water source (lake;χ2 = 1.61, df = 3, p = 0.656) and (tap;χ2 = 2.23, df = 3, p = 0.527). Fisherfolk was cognizant of the need to curb microcystin toxicity. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the occurrence of microcystin during the wet season compared to the dry season. Cyanophytes were the most significant (p < 0.001) group of phytoplankton. When ingested, microcystin has a long-term effect and therefore pollution control is crucial.

关键词： Eutrophication Fisherfolk Lake Riparian Community Algal Toxins

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Organochlorine Contaminants in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) in Densely Populated Areas of South-Western Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2020年第4期9卷 153-161页

作者： Joseph Nyaundi Albert Getabu Job Mwamburi James Onchieku Zachary Kinaro George Ogendi jared Babu Nicholas Gichuru Department of Research Kenya Marine&Fisheries Research InstituteKisumu 1881-40100Kenya Faculty of Agriculture&Natural Resource Management Kisii 40840-200Kenya School of Spatial Planning&Natural Resource Management Bondo210-40601Kenya

Concentrations of OCP(Organochlorine Pesticide)residues were determined in cultured Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fish in target stations within 1st order wetland of River Kuja,Kenya,between February-November,*** aim was to assess the residue levels in wild and pond cultured fish within a heavily populated agricultural area of South Western *** samples were analysed for selected HCHs(Hexachlorocyclohexane)isomers,DDT(Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)and metabolites and cyclodienes pesticide residues using GC-ECD(Gas Chromatography Equipped with Electron Capture Detector).Most of OCPs observed were BDL(Below Detection Limit)to detectable *** percentages(>50%)of DDTs and HCHs were BDL and exhibited consistency,with significant(p<0.05)differences in mean contamination levels in fish within the wetland,with average muscle tissue pesticides concentrate ranging between 0.229-2.541mg/kg for Nile *** dominant isomer in target species was Lindane(g-HCH)(3.417±0.983mg/kg)and *** Endosulfan sulfate was 2.499±0.071mg/kg *** most frequently detected,and Methoxychlor(2.235±1.459mg/kg),*** Aldrin and Dieldrin was 2.028 and 0.574mg/kg *** for DDT and its metabolites was 0.27-3.71mg/kg for p,p’-DDE(DichlorodiphenylDichloroEthene),BDL-1.098 for p,p’-DDD(DichloroDiphenylDichloroEthane),and 0.105-3.518mg/kg for p,p’-DDT with significant differences in mean values and ranges whose levels were below the WHO(World Health Organization)maximum acceptable thresholds of 0.2,2,20 and 5.0mg/kg in fish and sea *** and monitoring need up-scaling in minimizing public health risks posed by consumption and exposure.

关键词： OCPs Oreochromis niloticus Lake victoria Basin residues GC pesticides

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