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Impact of global climate change on the health,welfare and productivity of intensively housed livestock

International j.urnal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第2期4卷 1-22页

作者： Tadeusz Kuczynski victoria Blanes-Vidal Baoming Li Richard S.Gates Irenilza de Alencar Nääs Daniella j.Moura Daniel Berckmans Thomas M.Banhazi Department of Environmental Engineering University of Zielona GoraZ.Szafrana 1Zielona Gora Poland Faculty of Engineering.University of Southern Denmark Niels Bohrs Alle 15230OdenseDenmark Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Agricultural and Biological Engineering 1304 West Pennsylvania AveUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana IL 61801USA Agricultural Engineering College State University of CampinasCampinasSão PauloBrazil M3-BIORES Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 30Leuven Belgium National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture University of Southern QueenslandWest StToowoombaQLD 4350Australia

Maj.r scientific studies have shown that global warming(*** average temperature of the Earth)is now a *** aims of this paper are to broadly review the underlining causes of global warming,the general effects of global warming on social and environmental systems and the specific effects of resulting from global warming phenomena severe fluctuations in weather patterns,particularly heat waves on livestock health,welfare and *** this article aims to summarise some common sense climate control methods and more importantly to highlight the required future research and development(R&D)work that is necessary to achieve a new level of building environment control capability,and thus ensure that the intensive livestock industries will be able to cope with the changed external *** the increasing temperatures on a global scale,the most direct effect of the high temperature on the animals is heat stress,which has been proven to have a variety of negative effects on animal health,welfare and *** potential measures could be taken in future to alleviate the increased heat *** of these measures are mere adaptations or improvements of current engineering ***,facing the complex challenges of global warming and particularly resulting from it the rapid increase of the number of consecutive days with significantly higher than average temperatures will probably require novel solutions,including new designs based on solid engineering j.dgment,development of new engineering standards and codes to guide designs,the exploration of new and superior building materials,the need for better energy management,and the development of substantially more“intelligent”control systems that will balance changing exterior disturbances,interior building loads and demands to the biological needs of the occupants of the structures.

关键词： livestock global climate change greenhouse effect animal welfare heat stress temperature cooling agricultural buildings

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DOCK8 regulates signal transduction events to control immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 406-411页

作者： Conor j.Kearney Katrina L Randall j.ne Oliaro Immune Defence Laboratory Cancer Immunology Division The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia Australian National University Medical School Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2605 Australia

Genetic mutations in the gene encoding DOCK8 cause an autosomal recessive form of hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome （AR-HIES）, referred to as DOCK8 deficiency. DOCK8 deficiency in humans results in the onset of combined immunodeficiency disease （CID）, clinically associated with chronic infections with diverse microbial pathogens, and a predisposition to malignancy. It is now becoming clear that DOCK8 regulates the function of diverse immune cell sub-types, particularly lymphocytes, to drive both innate and adaptive immune responses. Early studies demonstrated that DOCK8 is required for lymphocyte survival, migration and immune synapse formation, which translates to poor pathogen control in the absence of DOCK8. However, more recent advances have pointed to a crucial role for DOCK8 in regulating the signal transduction events that control transcriptional activity, cytokine production and functional polarization of immune cells. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of DOCK8 function, paying particular attention to an emerging role as a signaling intermediate to promote immune responses to diverse external stimuli.

关键词： DOCK8 immunodeficiency lymphocytes NK Cells signal transduction

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Fish embryo and j.venile size under hypoxia in the mouth- brooding African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 401-412页

作者： E.E. REARDON L.j. CHAPMAN Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal Quebec H3A 1B 1 Canada Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

We used a field survey and a laboratory rearing experiment to (a) examine response (size and survival) to life-long hypoxia in offspring of the African maternal mouth-brooding cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae (Seegers) and (b) explore the degree to which developmental response can be environmentally-induced. Embryo size metrics were quantified in 9 field populations across a range of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. In the laboratory, first generation (F1) broods of low-DO origin were reared under high or low DO. Brooding period was quantified for the mothers; and egg size, egg metabolic rate and j.venile size-at-release were quantified in their (F2) offspring. The F2 offspring were split and grown for 3 months post-release under high or low DO, and j.venile size and survival were quantified. In the field survey, across stages, embryos from low-DO field populations were shorter and weighed less than embryos from high-DO populations. In the laboratory experiment, F2 eggs and j.veniles-at-release from mother's mouth did not differ in mass, length, survival regardless of development DO environment. However, j.veniles diverged in size after leaving mother's mouth, exhibiting smaller size when grown under low DO. Size differences in embryo size across field populations and divergence in embryo size after release from the mother's mouth support predictions for smaller body size under hypoxia. There was no evidence for negative effects on survival of j.veniles after 3 months. Brooding period was 16% shorter in females reared under low DO suggesting that hypoxia may accelerate embryo development. This work provides insights into how bearer fishes respond to hypoxic stress relative to fishes with no post-spawning parental care; a shorter brooding interval and smaller body size may provide an optimal solution to parent and embryo survival under hypoxia in brooding fishes [Current Zoology 58 (3): 401-412, 2012].

关键词：胚胎存活率缺氧条件育雏期青少年鱼类多色非洲实验室实验

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颜色的故事

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作者： (英)维多利亚·芬利(victoria Finlay)

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Acute hepatitis with autoimmune features after COVID-19 vaccine:coincidence or vaccine-induced phenomenon?

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 628-631页

作者： j.se M.Pinazo-Bandera Alicia Hernandez-Albuj.r Ana Isabel Garcia-Salguero Isabel Arranz-Salas Raul j.Andrade Mercedes Robles-Diaz Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMAHospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaUniversidad de MalagaMalagaSpain Division of Anatomical Pathology Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMalagaSpain Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas(CIBERehd) MadridSpain

Introduction Autoimmune diseases result from a breach of immunological self-tolerance and tissue damage by autoreactive T *** acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is characterized by an inflam... 详细信息

关键词： autoimmune vaccine acute

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根据硫代嘌呤甲基转移酶活性确定硫唑嘌呤治疗中重度特应性湿疹的剂量:一项双盲、随机、对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 6-7页

作者： Meggitt S. j. Gray j. C. Reynolds N. j. 王琼(译) Department of Dermatology Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP United Kingdom 不详

Background: Atopic eczema affects 1-2%of adults, and can cause considerable morbidity. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of azathioprine as systemic monotherapy for moderate-to-severe atopic eczema, and the therapeutic importance of the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) polymorphism (a key determinant of azathioprine-induced myelotoxicity) by using TPMT enzyme activity to establish azathioprine dose. Methods: We did a parallel group, double blind, placebo controlled trial in an outpatient setting. Minimisation was used to assign 63 patients with active disease despite optimum topical therapy to treatment with azathioprine (n=42) or placebo (n=21) for 12 weeks. As maintenance treatment, patients with heterozygous range TPMT activity received azathioprine 1.0 mg/kg daily, compared with 2.5 mg/kg daily in patients with normal TPMT activity. For the first 4 weeks, all participants received lower azathioprine doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg daily, respectively) to reduce gastrointestinal side-effects. The primary measure of clinical response was disease activity assessed by the SASSAD (six area six sign atopic dermatitis) score. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN58943280. Findings: 54 (86%) participants completed the study; two (3%) withdrew from the placebo group and seven (11%) from the azathioprine group. At week 12, there was a 37%(12.0 unit) improvement in mean disease activity with azathioprine compared with a 20%(6.6 unit) improvement with placebo (17%[5.4 unit] difference, 95%CI 4.3-29%). This finding was accompanied by significant improvements in patient-reported itch, area of involvement, global assessment, and quality of life. Between participants there was a wide variation in response to the drug. Generally, azathioprine was well tolerated, although two individuals developed drug hypersensitivity. Participants with heterozygous range TPMT activity responded t

关键词：随机对照试验特应性皮炎硫唑嘌呤甲基转移酶治疗期间中重度酶活性低剂量湿疹双盲

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Characterization of particle deposition during crossflow filtration as influenced by permeate flux and crossflow velocity using a microfluidic filtration system

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 552-561页

作者： Hongzhan Di Gregory j.O.Martin Dave E.Dunstan Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010Australia

Particle deposition during crossflow filtration is significantly influenced by the operating conditions,in particular the permeate flux and crossflow ***,there is a lack of detailed knowledge about how deposit layer structures and distributions depend on operating *** study uses a microfluidic visualisation filtration system to examine the influence of operating conditions on the deposition process during crossflow ultrafiltration from a microscopic *** the permeate flux caused an increasing amount of deposition and a thicker deposit *** crossflow velocities reduced the extent of *** degree of deposition varied over a range of operating conditions due to the altered hydrodynamic forces exerted on the particles,which can be examined by the deposition probability according to an existing *** on this,an empirical correlation between the deposition probability and volume of deposition as a function of filtration time was developed,which gave good agreement with experimental *** effect of solution conditions was also involved in this correlation as a interaction *** could be useful for predicting the dynamic deposition process during crossflow filtration over a range of operating and solution conditions.

关键词： particle deposition crossflow filtration microfluidics confocal microscopy

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Using compositional data analysis to explore accumulation of sedentary behavior,physical activity and youth health

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 234-243页

作者： Simone j.j.M.Verswij.eren Karen E.Lamb j.sep A.Martín-Fernández Elisabeth Winkler Rebecca M.Leech Anna Timperio j. Salmon Robin M.Daly Ester Cerin David W.Dunstan Rohan M.Telford Richard D.Telford Lisa S.Olive Nicola D.Ridgers Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3216Australia Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3053Australia Department of Computer Science Applied Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of GironaGirona 17003Spain School of Public Health University of QueenslandHerstonQLD 4006Australia Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityFitzroyVIC 3065Australia School of Public Health University of Hong KongHong KongChina Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute MelbourneVIC 3004Australia Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Psychology Deakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia IMPACT Research Institute Deakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia ANU Medical School Australian National UniversityGarranACT 2605Australia

Purpose:The study aimed to describe youth time-use compositions,focusing on time spent in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity(PA),and to examine associations of these time-use compositions with cardiometabolic ***:Accelerometer and cardiometabolic biomarker data from 2 Australian studies involving youths 7-13 years old were pooled(complete cases with accelerometry and adiposity marker data,n=782).A 9-component time-use composition was formed using compositional data analysis:time in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior;time in shorter and longer bouts of light-,moderate-,or vigorous-intensity PA;and"other time"(i.e.,non-wear/sleep).Shorter and longer bouts of sedentary time were defined as5 min,*** bouts of light-,moderate-,and vigorous-intensity PA were defined asj.sted models showed that the overall time-use composition was associated with adiposity,blood pressure,lipids,and the summary ***,more time in longer bouts of light-intensity PA relative to shorter bouts of light-intensity PA was significantly associated with greater body mass index z-score(zBMI)(β=1.79;SE=0.68)and waist circumference(β=18.35,SE=4.78).When each activity intensity was considered relative to all higher intensities and"other time",more time in light-and vigorous-intensity PA,and less time in sedentary behavior and moderate-intensity PA,were associated with lower waist ***:Accumulating PA,particularly light-intensity PA,in frequent short bursts may be more beneficial for limiting adi

关键词： Accumulation patterns Cardiometabolic health Children Compositional data analysis Time-use

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Twin Growth and Texture Evolution in an Extruded AM30 Magnesium Alloy During Compression

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j.urnal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第9期30卷 884-887页

作者： D.Sarker j.Friedman D.L.Chen Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson University 350 Victoria StreetTorontoOntario M5B 2K3 Canada

The aim of this study was to examine and quantify the growth of extension twins and the associated texture change in an extruded AM30 magnesium alloy during compression along the extrusion direction. Three stages of twin growth with increasing strain were observed due to twin-dislocation interactions, together with increasing texture volume fraction of {1210}〈0001〉 and {01- 10}〈0001〉 components. Stage I was characterized by a relatively slow and gradually accelerating growth. A steady-state twin growth was reached in stage II, where the twin width increased linearly with increasing strain. Stage III twin growth became decelerated, exhibiting a plateau-like character.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Compressive deformation Twinning Twin growth Texture

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Effects of plyometric *** training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy:A review

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第5期10卷 530-536页

作者： j.zo Grgic Brad j.Schoenfeld Pavle Mikulic Institute for Health and Sport(IHES) Victoria UniversityMelbourneVIC 3011Australia Department of Health Sciences Lehman CollegeBronxNY 10468USA Faculty of Kinesiology University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia

Obj.ctive:In this review,we critically evaluate studies directly comparing the effects of plyometric *** training on skeletal muscle ***:We conducted electronic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science to find studies that explored the effects of plyometric *** training on muscle ***:Eight relevant studies were included in the *** studies compared the effects of plyometric *** training on muscle hypertrophy,while 2 studies explored the effects of combining plyometric and resistance training *** resistance training on acute anabolic signaling or muscle *** on the results of these studies,we conclude that plyometric and resistance training may produce similar effects on whole muscle hypertrophy for the muscle groups of the lower ***,it seems that plyometric training has a greater potential for inducing increases in muscle size than previously *** the findings observed at the whole muscle level,the evidence for the effects of plyometric training on hypertrophy on the muscle fiber level is currently limited for drawing *** to isolated resistance training,combining plyometric and resistance exercise does not seem to produce additive effects on anabolic signaling or muscle growth;however,this area requires future *** limitations of the current body of evidence are that the findings are specific to(a)musculature of the lower extremities,(b)short-term training interventions that lasted up to 12 weeks,and(c)previously untrained or recreationally active ***:This review highlights that plyometric and resistance training interventions may produce similar effects on whole muscle hypertrophy,at least for the muscle groups of the lower extremities,in untrained and recreationally trained individuals,and over short-term(i.e.,≤12 weeks)intervention periods.

关键词： Effects Muscle Muscle size Protein

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