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Overview of automotive engine friction and reduction trends-Effects of surface, material, and lubricant-additive technologies

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Friction 2016年第1期4卷 1-28页

作者： victor W.wong Simon C.TUNG Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Vanderbilt Chemicals LLC Norwalk CT 06856 USA

The increasing global environmental awareness, evidenced by recent worldwide calls for control of climate change and greenhouse emissions, has placed significant new technical mandates for automotives to improve engine efficiency, which is directly related to the production of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. Reduction of parasitic losses of the vehicle, powertrain and the engine systems is a key component of energy conservation. For engine efficiency improvement, various approaches include improvements in advanced combustion systems, component system design and handling—such as down-sizing, boosting, and electrification—as well as waste heat recovery systems etc. Among these approaches, engine friction reduction is a key and relatively cost-effective approach, which has been receiving significant attention from tribologists and lubricant-lubrication engineers alike. In this paper, the fundamentals of friction specific to the environments of engine components tribology are reviewed, together with discussions on the impact of developing vehicle powertrain technologies, surface and material technologies, as well as lubricant and additive technologies on promises of continuing friction and wear reduction trends. The international accords on climate change require further gains in fuel efficiency and energy sustainability from all industry sectors including those in the automotive and the broader internal combustion engine industries, and the latter encompass off-highway, power generation, marine, and rail industries as well. This paper focsuses on friction reduction in mainly automotive engines, however. The paper starts with a clarification of the common descriptors of mechanical losses and friction in the engine, followed by the topic of lubrication fundamentals such as lubrication regimes. Then the lubrication of the contacting surfaces in each of the major engine subsystems is discussed in turn. These subsystems include the piston assembly: ring-pack/liner,

关键词： powertrain tribology automotive lubricants additive formulation mechanical design surface coatings and textures friction wear

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Factors associated with patient absenteeism for scheduled endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第23期15卷 2882-2886页

作者： victor K wong Hong-Bin Zhang Robert Enns St. Paul's Hospital Universityof British Columbia Vancouver V6Z-2K5 BC Canada Centre for Health Evaluation and OutcomesSciences St. Paul's Hospital University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z-2K5 BC Canada

AIM: To identify risk factors to help predict which patients are likely to fail to appear for an endoscopic procedure. METHODS: This was a retrospective, chart review, cohort study in a Canadian, tertiary care, academic, hospital-based endoscopy clinic. Patients included were: those undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy and patients who failed to appear were compared to a control group. The main outcome measure was a multivariate analysis of factors associated with truancy from scheduled endoscopic procedures. Factors analyzed included gender, age, waiting time, type of procedure, referring physician, distance to hospital, first or subsequent endoscopic procedure or encounter with gastroenterologist, and urgency of the procedure. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-four patients did not show up for their scheduled appointment. Compared to a control group, factors statistically significantly associated with truancy in the multivariate analysis were: non-urgent vs urgent procedure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06, 2.450), referred by a specialist vs a family doctor (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.31, 5.52) and office-based consult prior to endoscopy vs consult and endoscopic procedure during the same appointment (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.33, 3.78). CONCLUSION: Identifying patients who are not scheduled for same-day consult and endoscopy, those referred by a specialist, and those with non-urgent referrals may help reduce patient truancy.

关键词：内窥镜相关因素分析家庭医生结肠镜风险因素队列研究多元分析对照组

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Monogenic features of urolithiasis: A comprehensive review

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 169-179页

作者： Kyo Chul Koo Abdulghafour Halawani victor K.F.wong Dirk Lange Ben H.Chew Department of Urology Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Urology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Urological Sciences University of British ColumbiaStone Centre at Vancouver General HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Objective: Urolithiasis formation has been attributed to environmental and dietary factors. However, evidence is accumulating that genetic background can contribute to urolithiasis formation. Advancements in the identification of monogenic causes using high-throughput sequencing technologies have shown that urolithiasis has a strong heritable ***: This review describes monogenic factors implicated in a genetic predisposition to urolithiasis. Peer-reviewed journals were evaluated by a PubMed search until July 2023 to summarize disorders associated with monogenic traits, and discuss clinical implications of identification of patients genetically susceptible to urolithiasis ***: Given that more than 80% of urolithiases cases are associated with calcium accumulation, studies have focused mainly on monogenetic contributors to hypercalciuric urolithiases, leading to the identification of receptors, channels, and transporters involved in the regulation of calcium renal tubular reabsorption. Nevertheless, available candidate genes and linkage methods have a low resolution for evaluation of the effects of genetic components versus those of environmental, dietary, and hormonal factors, and genotypes remain undetermined in the majority of urolithiasis ***: The pathophysiology underlying urolithiasis formation is complex and multifactorial, but evidence strongly suggests the existence of numerous monogenic causes of urolithiasis in humans.

关键词： Gene Genetic expression Inheritance pattern Urolithiasis

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莲花在美国绽放——万佛圣城举行开光三十周年庆典

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中国宗教 2009年第7期 84-84,F0003页

作者： victor wong 冷子

7月4日至5日，位于美国加利福尼亚州尤卡亚的万佛城举行开光三十周年庆典暨护世息灾法会活动，同时缅怀这座全美最大佛教道场的创立者——宣化上人（1918—1995）。加州州长施瓦辛格致信祝贺说，万佛城已成为国际佛教中心，通过各位的... 详细信息

7月4日至5日，位于美国加利福尼亚州尤卡亚的万佛城举行开光三十周年庆典暨护世息灾法会活动，同时缅怀这座全美最大佛教道场的创立者——宣化上人（1918—1995）。加州州长施瓦辛格致信祝贺说，万佛城已成为国际佛教中心，通过各位的努力，帮助许多人改善了他们的生命，并启发周围的人。加州得以呈现今日之殊胜风貌，各宗教信众扮演了重要角色。

关键词：周年庆典美国莲花加利福尼亚州创立者佛教加州法会

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Acute sensorineural hearing loss associated with peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy during hepatitis C treatment: Outcome after resumption of therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第34期11卷 5392-5393页

作者： victor K wong Cindy Cheong-Lee Jo-Ann E Ford Eric M Yoshida Department of Medicine Vancouver BC Canada University of British Columbia and the British Columbia Hepatitis Program Vancouver BC Canada Department of Medicine Vancouver BC Canada University of British Columbia and the British Columbia Hepatitis Program Vancouver BC Canada

Peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is well known to be associated with significant adverse effects. Sensorineural hearing loss, that in most cases is unilateral, has been reported as a consequence of therapy with both non-pegylated and pegylated interferon (pegIFN) but is not a well-known adverse effect. We report a 45-year-old Caucasian woman who developed acute sensorineural hearing loss 2 mo after starting therapy with pegIFN-α 2b and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic HCV, genotype 1a. She did not report the hearing loss to the hepatitis clinic until L mo,later whereupon therapy was promptly *** her serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)normalized and her HCV-RNA became undetectable after 12 wk of pegIFN and ribavirin therapy, after discontinuation,her HCV-RNA became detectable with significant elevations of serum ALT. Four months after initial discontinuation,the patient re-commenced pegIFN and ribavirin combination therapy. After 44 of 48 wk of therapy, the patient's liver biochemistry has normalized and the HCV-RNA is undetectable. She has not developed worsening of her hearing loss and hearing on the left-side is *** patients and physicians should be aware that sensorineural hearing loss may occur with pegIFN *** experience suggests that re-institution of therapy is not always associated with further hearing impairment.

关键词：急性感觉神经损伤听力损失病毒唑丙型肝炎病毒

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农村群体性事件生成逻辑及其治理对策研究 ——基于L镇三个个案分析

农村群体性事件生成逻辑及其治理对策研究 ...

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作者：王国中（victor wong）山西大学

学位级别：硕士

中国改革开放四十年,人民生活水平和社会发展水平大幅度提高,整个社会包括农村的利益格局都发生了深度转变。因利益问题发生的群体性事件数量一直居高不下,成为中国在转型发展中面临的重大挑战,特别是农村群体性事件的频发,严重影响基... 详细信息

中国改革开放四十年,人民生活水平和社会发展水平大幅度提高,整个社会包括农村的利益格局都发生了深度转变。因利益问题发生的群体性事件数量一直居高不下,成为中国在转型发展中面临的重大挑战,特别是农村群体性事件的频发,严重影响基层治理的实效与社会的和谐稳定,制约着乡村振兴战略的实施。正确面对新时代农村群体性事件,把握其生成逻辑并有针对性地进行化解,是摆在基层政府面前亟待解决的一项重要问题。本文以L镇三个村群体性事件为案例,采用案例分析法、比较研究方法、“过程—事件”分析方法,对三起群体性事件进行了系统考察,并结合政治学和社会学的相关知识,围绕三件案例的生成逻辑,对当前我国农民群体性非制度政治参与的原因进行了深入剖析。本文把三起事件的过程分为“矛盾积累（潜伏）——导火线事件（刺激）——村民的率先行动（反应）——舆论发酵（酝酿）——群体参与（矛盾爆发）”等五个时期,在生成逻辑发展下将“刺激期”“反应期”和“酝酿期”三个时期统一为“发展”阶段,把群体性事件归纳为“潜伏——发展——爆发”等三个阶段,并对其进行总结,概括出了当前我国农民群体性的主要发展路径,具体分析了案例中在不同阶段的影响因素,明确了不同群体及事件等要素的逻辑关系,重点针对群体性事件的生成逻辑,即“潜伏——发展——爆发”等三个阶段,侧重预防,有针对性地从社会矛盾、利益分配及乡村治理等方面采取措施,通过做好政策的解释、掌握真实社情民意、合理分配利益、抑制不当言论发酵、探索多元治理模式及加强政府自身建设等具体对策,力求在事件的潜伏期消除矛盾隐患,或在发展期有效阻断事件的进路,同时提出面对已经爆发的群体性事件,避免事态进一步升级的一些措施。

关键词：农村群体性事件生成逻辑

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可用于临床的脂肪组织基础知识概述

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中国美容整形外科杂志 2011年第7期22卷 I0004-I0012页

作者： Spencer A. Brown Benjamin Levi Charlotte Lequex victor W. wong All Mojallal Michael T. Longaker 魏峰(译) 高景恒(译) 张晨(译) 美国德克萨斯州达拉斯市德克萨斯大学西南医学中心整形外科斯坦福大学医学院整形外科中心整形外科《中国美容整形外科杂志》编辑部大连大学附属新华医院整形外科

脂肪组织中含有干细胞，这一认识促使我们进一步探索在更广泛的临床状况下利用脂肪和脂肪来源干细胞的可能性。关于脂肪来源干细胞的获取、分离以及分离的脂肪来源干细胞的分化特性的新知识已带来新的研究，这些新研究的研究方向是新的... 详细信息

脂肪组织中含有干细胞，这一认识促使我们进一步探索在更广泛的临床状况下利用脂肪和脂肪来源干细胞的可能性。关于脂肪来源干细胞的获取、分离以及分离的脂肪来源干细胞的分化特性的新知识已带来新的研究，这些新研究的研究方向是新的组织工程构建，以及脂肪来源干细胞转化为诱发的多能干细胞。临床上，脂肪移植物和脂肪来源干细胞在美国及全世界范围内的使用急剧增加，同时，以脂肪来源干细胞为基础的治疗方法的安全性和有效性带来的问题也随之增多。当前，FDA还未批准分离的脂肪来源干细胞用于任何临床领域。

关键词：脂肪组织临床脂肪来源干细胞基础知识多能干细胞组织工程细胞转化世界范围

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Perinephric myxoid pseudotumor of fat in a young patient with a horseshoe kidney complicated by an obstructing renal calculus

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第3期10卷 382-384页

作者： Ren Wei Liu Gideon Tan Yi Ting Lim Wei Jin Chua Amanda Cheng Ying Mei wong victor Lee Thomas Thamboo Department of Diagnostic Imaging National University HospitalSingapore Department of Pathology National University HospitalSingapore Department of Urology National University HospitalSingapore

Dear Editor,Perinephric myxoid pseudotumor of fat(PMPF)is a recently described entity with only a few cases published in the *** imaging,the appearances overlap with other better-known fat-containing lesions such as angiomyolipoma and retroperitoneal *** present a novel case of PMPF in a young male patient with horseshoe *** discuss the imaging characteristics on computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging,differential diagnoses,as well as the histopathological features of this rare *** was obtained from the patient for treatment and publication.

关键词： patient kidney sarcoma

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High-speed high-resolution laser diode-based photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo microvasculature imaging

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2021年第1期4卷 1-6页

作者： Xiufeng Li victor T C Tsang Lei Kang Yan Zhang Terence T W wong Translational and Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Laser diodes(LDs)have been considered as cost-effective and compact excitation sources to overcome the requirement of costly and bulky pulsed laser sources that are commonly used in photoacoustic microscopy(PAM).However,the spatial resolution and/or imaging speed of previously reported LD-based PAM systems have not been optimized *** this paper,we developed a high-speed and high-resolution LD-based PAM system using a continuous wave LD,operating at a pulsed mode,with a repetition rate of 30 kHz,as an excitation source.A hybrid scanning mechanism that synchronizes a one-dimensional galvanometer mirror and a two-dimensional motorized stage is applied to achieve a fast imaging capability without signal averaging due to the high signal-to-noise *** optimizing the optical system,a high lateral resolution of 4.8μm has been *** vivo microvasculature imaging of a mouse ear has been demonstrated to show the high performance of our LD-based PAM system.

关键词： Photoacoustic microscopy Laser diode In vivo imaging Microvasculature imaging

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小阴唇整形术：当前小阴唇肥大的治疗方法和简化的分类系统

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中国美容整形外科杂志 2015年第6期26卷 I0013-I0025页

作者： Saba Motakef Jose Rodriguez-Feliz Michael T. Chung Michael J. Ingargiola victor W. wong Ashit Patel 罗马琳达大学整形外科奥尔巴尼医学中心整形重建外科西奈山医院整形重建外科约翰霍普金斯大学整形重建外科美国加利福尼亚州罗马琳达

背景小阴唇整形术主要是解决小阴唇肥大引起的功能和外观问题。尽管其手术量逐渐增多，但仍缺少指导手术方法的数据。笔者对相关文献进行系统性复习，旨在制定简单、统一的小阴唇肥大分类表，并对当前小阴唇整形的技术和方法进行总结。... 详细信息

背景小阴唇整形术主要是解决小阴唇肥大引起的功能和外观问题。尽管其手术量逐渐增多，但仍缺少指导手术方法的数据。笔者对相关文献进行系统性复习，旨在制定简单、统一的小阴唇肥大分类表，并对当前小阴唇整形的技术和方法进行总结。方法用PubMed数据库进行系统的文献复习。审阅选定文献中的参考文献，并选出相关的文献。结果本研究对247篇文献进行了复习。根据入选标准，明确评估不同技术的前瞻性和回顾性研究、结果、并发症和患者的满意度，从中选取了19篇文献。共有1949例患者接受小阴唇整形术。总共采用了7种不同的手术方法，包括去上皮、直接切除、“W”形切除、楔形切除、联合切除、Z成形术和激光切除。每种方法的患者满意率为94％-100％。所有方法最常见的术后并发症是切口裂开（4．7％）。明确围手术期患者治疗的关键部分。结论小阴唇整形是安全的，且满意率很高。然而，当前的方法仍极其多样化。作者以大阴唇（不是阴道口）到小阴唇外侧缘距离为基础，提出了一种精简的分类系统。围手术期患者治疗的关键部分包括患者的麻醉、切除方法、伤口缝合和术后护理。用标准的分类系统行进一步的随机对照研究，旨在更好地对比不同的技术，选出更好的方法。

关键词：小阴唇肥大分类系统治疗方法整形术患者满意率文献复习系统性复习术后并发症

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