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Salmonella Typhi:from a Human Pathogen to a Vaccine Vector

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2008年第2期5卷 91-97页

作者： victor Tunje Jeza Department of Immunology The State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related DiseasesWuhan UniversitySchool of Medicine

Salmonella （S.） typhi is an important intracellular pathogen. Among the more than 2,300 closely-related Salmonella serovars bacteria recognized, S. typhi is the only one that is pathogenic exclusively for humans, in whom it causes typhoid or enteric fever. The pathogen has been around for many years and many studies have been done in an effort to combat it. Molecular and biologic features of S. typhi and host factors and immune responses involved in Salmonella invasion have been extensively studies. Vaccines that have been developed most notably are Vi polysaccharide and Ty21a. However, as the results show, there is still a long way to go. It is also shown that multi-drug resistance has occurred to the few available antibiotics. More and more studies have shown that Salmonella can be used as a vaccine vector carrying antigens of other pathogens. This has been promising in that the immune system can be elicited in response to both the Salmonella bacteria and the antigen of the pathogen in question. This review aims to highlight some of the milestones attained in the fight against the disease from the time S. typhi was seen as a pathogen causing typhoid fever to the use of Salmonella as a vaccine vector. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.

关键词： Salmonella typhi vaccine vector typhoid Vi polysaccharide Ty21a

Multi-temperature modeling of femtosecond laser pulse on metallic nanoparticles accounting for the temperature dependences of the parameters

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2022年第4期5卷 26-45页

作者： victor K.Pustovalov Belarussian National Technical University Pr.Independency65Minsk 220013Belarus

This review considers the fundamental dynamical processes of metal nanoparticles during and after the impact of a femtosecond laser pulse on a nanoparticle,including the absorption of *** the sequence of events after photon absorption and their timescales is important for many applications of *** processes are discussed,starting with optical absorption by electrons,proceeding through the relaxation of the electrons due to electron–electron scattering and electron–phonon coupling,and ending with the dissipation of the nanoparticle energy into the *** goal is to consider the timescales,values,and temperature dependences of the electron heat capacity and the electron–phonon coupling parameter that describe these processes and how these dependences affect the electron energy ***-and four-temperature models for describing electron–phonon relaxation are *** emphasis is paid to the proposed analytical approach to modeling processes during the action of a femtosecond laser pulse on a metal *** consider the temperature dependences of the electron heat capacity and the electron–phonon coupling factor of the *** entire process is divided into four stages:(1)the heating of the electron system by a pulse,(2)electron thermalization,(3)electron–phonon energy exchange and the equalization of the temperature of the electrons with the lattice,and(4)cooling of the *** is an appropriate analytical description of each *** four-temperature model can estimate the parameters of the laser and nanoparticles needed for applications of femtosecond laser pulses and nanoparticles.

关键词： Femtosecond pulse Nanoparticle Metallic Model Thermal processes Analytical solution

ESTIMATION AND UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION FOR PIECEWISE SMOOTH SIGNAL RECOVERY

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2023年第2期41卷 246-262页

作者： victor Churchill Anne Gelb Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Mathematics Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA

This paper presents an application of the sparse Bayesian learning(SBL)algorithm to linear inverse problems with a high order total variation(HOTV)sparsity *** the problem of sparse signal recovery,SBL often produces more accurate estimates than maximum a posteriori estimates,including those that useℓ1 ***,rather than a single signal estimate,SBL yields a full posterior density estimate which can be used for uncertainty ***,SBL is only immediately applicable to problems having a direct sparsity prior,or to those that can be formed via *** paper demonstrates how a problem with an HOTV sparsity prior can be formulated via synthesis,and then utilizes *** expands the class of problems available to Bayesian learning to include,e.g.,inverse problems dealing with the recovery of piecewise smooth functions or signals from *** examples are provided to demonstrate how this new technique is effectively employed.

关键词： High order total variation regularization Sparse Bayesian learning Analysis and synthesis Piecewise smooth function recovery

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Temporal aiming

Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 741-752页

作者： victor Pacheco-Pena Nader Engheta School of Mathematics Statistics and PhysicsNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE17RUUK Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Deflecting and changing the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves are needed in multiple applications,such as in lens-antenna systems,point-to-point communications and *** this realm,metamaterials have been demonstrated to be great candidates for controlling wave propagation and wave-matter interactions by offering manipulation of their electromagnetic properties at *** have been studied mainly in the frequency domain,but their temporal manipulation has become a topic of great interest during the past few years in the design of spatiotemporally modulated artificial *** this work,we propose an idea for changing the direction of the energy propagation of electromagnetic waves by using time-dependent metamaterials,the permittivity of which is rapidly changed from isotropic to anisotropic values,an approach that we call temporal *** so doing,here,we show how the direction of the Poynting vector becomes different from that of the *** scenarios are analytically and numerically evaluated,such as plane waves under oblique incidence and Gaussian beams,demonstrating how proper engineering of the isotropic-anisotropic temporal function of ε_(r)(t)can lead to a redirection of waves to different spatial locations in real time.

关键词： anisotropic wave oblique

Opportunities and challenges in CO_(2) utilization

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 322-344页

作者： Sriram Valluri victor Claremboux Surendra Kawatra Department of Chemical Engineering Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA

CO_(2) utilizations are essential to curbing the greenhouse gas effect and managing the environmental pollutant in an energy-efficient and economically-sound *** paper seeks to critically analyze these technologies in the context of each other and highlight the most important utilization avenues available thus *** review will introduce and analyze each major pathway,and discuss the overall applicability,potential extent,and major limitations of each of these pathways to utilizing CO_(2).This will include the analysis of some previously underreported utilization avenues,including CO_(2) utilization in industrial filtration and the processing of raw industrial materials such as iron and *** core theme of this paper is to seek to treat CO_(2) as a commodity instead of a liability.

关键词： CO_(2)utilization Clean energy Supercritical CO_(2) Electrochemical reduction

FORGING ASIA′S GLOBAL TRANSPARK IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA AT ZHUHAI

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Chinese Geographical Science 2003年第4期13卷 300-309页

作者： victor F S SIT .

The main purpose of the paper is to introduce the concept of the Global TransPark (GTP). It is a critical time to develop air logistics infrastructure in the New Economy. The paper also presents a brief review of the air cargo industry in the Asian-Pacific region and China,in particular China’s development in the industry as its economy has grown rapidly and globalized in the past two decades. The paper argues that China needs to develop a GTP to support its future growth,and explains why the Pearl River Delta-Hong Kong-Macao city-region or Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR) is the best location. Finally,it proposes that Zhuhai Airport,one of the five airports in the EMR,is the best site for the GTP. New policies from Chinese government as well as close cooperation between local governments of Guangdong and the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao will be needed to make the establishment of the GTP possible.

关键词： Global TransPark airport air cargo transport Hong Kong Extended Metropolitan Region the Pearl River Delta New Economy

Ammoniteand bivalve-based biostratigraphy and Panboreal correlation of the Volgian Stage

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 1890-1909页

作者： ROGOV Mikhail ZAKHAROV victor Geological Institute of RAS Pyzhevski lane 7 Moscow 119017 Russia

The current ammonite- and buchiid-based biostratigraphical successions of the Volgian Stage are outlined, with an analysis of the most important data that support correlation throughout the Panboreal Superrealm. Updated ammonite zonal schemes were proposed for the Volgian of the type region (the Russian Platform) and Svalbard. The lower Volgian successions in all areas except the Russian Platform, with its eudemic virgatitid lineage and Submediterranean faunal elements, were dominated by Pectinatites and Eosphinctoceras-Subdichotomoceras. The last two genera were especially common eastwards from the Ural Mountains. During the middle Volgian, provincialism developed quickly within the ammonites, and unified assemblages with early Palvovia and Dorsoplanites at the base of the substage were replaced by numerous local eudemic faunas. Despite this, migrations of species of Crendonites, Laugeites, Epivirgatites Epipallasiceras, Epilaugeites, and Taimyrosphinctes occurred at regular intervals and these enable precise correlations between the faunal sub-provinces. The zonation of the upper Volgian is mainly based upon the succession of Craspedites (on Subcraspedites in England and North Sea), and can be traced throughout the Arctic. Zonation based on the bivalve Buchia enables correlations to be made between the successions over much of the Northern Hemisphere, including Northern California, British Columbia, Arctic areas, and the Russian Platform. Each substage of the Volgian is characterized by buchiids with different types of the ontogenetic development. Research on the infrazonal subdivision of the Volgian Stage based on buchiids is currently in progress. Our analyses of the ammonite and buchiid successions of the Panboreal Superrealm lead us to conclude that there are no major faunal gaps in Volgian successions of the Russian Platform and Northern Siberia.

关键词： Volgian Portlandian Panboreal Superrealm ammonites buchiids correlation.

High Q-factor reconfigurable microresonators induced in side-coupled optical fibres

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第12期12卷 1867-1876页

作者： victor Vassiliev Michael Sumetsky Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUK

High Q-factor monolithic optical microresonators found numerous applications in classical and quantum optical signal processing,microwave photonics,ultraprecise sensing,as well as fundamental optical and physical ***,due to the solid structure of these microresonators,attaining the free spectral range tunability of most of them,critical for several of these applications,was,so far,*** address this problem,here we experimentally demonstrate that the side-coupling of coplanar bent optical fibres can induce a high Q-factor whispering gallery mode optical *** changing the curvature radius of fibres from the centimetre order to the millimetre order,we demonstrate fully mechanically reconfigurable optical microresonators with dimensions varying from the millimetre order to 100-micron order and free spectral range varying from a picometre to ten picometre *** developed theory describes the formation of the discovered microresonators and their major properties in a reasonable agreement with the experimental *** new microresonators may find applications in cavity QED,microresonator optomechanics,frequency comb generation with tuneable repetition rate,tuneable lasing,and tuneable processing and delay of optical pulses.

关键词： reconfigurable resonator repetition

The Oceanus Borealis of ancient Mars

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 234-235页

作者： victor R.Baker Departments of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences Planetary Sciences and Geosciences University of Arizona

Fifty years ago,the Mariner 9 spacecraft revealed that the Martian surface has a great planetary dichotomy separating heavily cratered southern highlands from a huge area of more lightly cratered northern *** this discovery,informal hypothesizing by geologists considered the possibility of an Earth-like water body occupying the northern lowland Martian plains.

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