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Monetary Model of Exchange Rate Determination： Evidence From the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland

Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2014年第1期10卷 97-103页

作者： victor shevchuk Cracow University of Technology Cracow Poland

Using a monetary model of exchange rate determination that suggests a strong link between the nominal exchange rate and a set of monetary fundamentals, exchange rate dynamics for the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland is studied. As the cointegration relationship among exchange rate, output, and the monetary fundamentals （money supply and interest rate） is found, vector autoregressions （VAR）/vector error-correction （VEC） and two-stage least squares （2SLS） error-correction models are used in this context, since both approaches allow estimating short-run correlations between exchange rates and fundamentals while taking into account the existent long-run exchange rate constraints. Based on the quarterly data for the period of 1998-2012, it is found that for all countries, an increase in the money supply, domestic output slowdown, or stronger growth abroad are factors behind a nominal exchange rate depreciation, just as predicted by the monetary model of exchange rate. However, the effects of domestic-foreign interest rate differential are quite heterogeneous, being in line with theoretical predictions of a standard monetary model for Poland only. According to the decomposition of variance, money supply and interest rates account for 30%-46% of the exchange rate variation in the Czech Republic, from 10% to 14% in Hungary, and from 23% to 42% in Poland.

关键词： monetary model of exchange rate the Czech Republic Hungary' Poland error-correction models

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High resolution imaging using scanning ion conductance microscopy with improved distance feedback control

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第6期18卷 671-677页

作者： Nicholas Johnson victor Ostanin Andrew shevchuk Yuri Korchev David Klenerman Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridge CB2 1EWUnited Kingdom Division of Medicine Imperial College LondonMRC Clinical Sciences CentreHammersmith CampusLondon W12 0NNUnited Kingdom

Microscopy is an essential technique for observation on living *** is currently great interest in applying scanning probe microscopy to image-living biological cells in their natural environment at the nanometer *** ion conductance microscopy is a new form of scanning probe microscopy,which enables non-contact high-resolution imaging of living biological *** on a scanned nanopipette in physiological buer,the distance feedback control uses the ion current to control the distance between the pipette tip and the sample ***,this feedback control has diculties over slopes on convoluted cell surfaces,which limits its *** this study,we present an improved form of feedback control that removes the contribution of up to the third-order slope from the ion current signal,hence providing a more accurate signal for controlling the *** show that this allows faster and lower noise topographic high-resolution imaging.

关键词： Living biological cells Scanning ion conductance microscopy Distance feedback control

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