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The Oceanus Borealis of ancient Mars

National Science review 2023年第9期10卷 234-235页

作者： victor r.baker Departments of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences Planetary Sciences and Geosciences University of Arizona

Fifty years ago,the Mariner 9 spacecraft revealed that the Martian surface has a great planetary dichotomy separating heavily cratered southern highlands from a huge area of more lightly cratered northern *** this discovery,informal hypothesizing by geologists considered the possibility of an Earth-like water body occupying the northern lowland Martian plains.

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A possible anorthositic continent of early Mars and the role of planetary size for the inception of Earth-like life

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1085-1098页

作者： James M.Dohm Shigenori Maruyama Motoyuki Kido victor r.baker The University Museum The University of Tokyo Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology International research Institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University Lunar and Planetary Laboratory The University of Arizona

The Moon has an anorthositic primordial continental crust. recently anorthosite has also been discovered on the Martian surface. Although the occurrence of anorthosite is observed to be very limited in Earth＇s extant geological record,both lunar and Martian surface geology suggest that anorthosite may have comprised a primordial continent on the early Earth during the first 600 million years after its formation. We hypothesized that differences in the presence of an anorthositic continent on an Earthlike planet are due to planetary size. Earth likely lost its primordial anorthositic continent by tectonic erosion through subduction associated with a kind of proto-plate tectonics（PPT）. In contrast, Mars and the Moon, as much smaller planetary bodies, did not lose much of their anorthositic continental crust because mantle convection had weakened and/or largely stopped, and with time, they had appropriately cooled down. Applying this same reasoning to a super-Earth exoplanet suggests that, while a primordial anorthositic continent may briefly form on its surface, such a continent will be likely transported into the deep mantle due to intense mantle convection immediately following its formation. The presence of a primordial continent on an Earth-like planet seems to be essential to whether the planet will be habitable to Earth-like life. The key role of the primordial continent is to provide the necessary and sufficient nutrients for the emergence and evolution of life. With the appearance of a ＂trinity＂ consisting of（1） an atmosphere,（2） an ocean, and（3） the primordial continental landmass, material circulation can be maintained to enable a ＂Habitable Trinity＂ environment that will permit the emergence of Earth-like life. Thus, with little likelihood of a persistent primordial continent, a super-Earth affords very little chance for Earth-like life to emerge.

关键词： Anorthosite on Mars Moon Habitable trinity Super-Earth Plate tectonics Origin of life

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Optimizing the oxide support composition in Pr-doped CeO_(2) towards highly active and selective Ni-based CO_(2) methanation catalysts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 547-561,I0015页

作者： Anastasios I.Tsiotsias Nikolaos D.Charisiou Ayesha AlKhoori Safa Gaber Vlad Stolojan victor Sebastian Bart van der Linden Atul Bansode Steven J.Hinder Mark A.baker Kyriaki Polychronopoulou Maria A.Goula Laboratory of Alternative Fuels and Environmental Catalysis(LAFEC) Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Western MacedoniaGR-50100Greece Department of Mechanical Engineering Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu DhabiP.O.Box 127788United Arab Emirates Center for Catalysis and Separations Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu DhabiP.O.Box 127788United Arab Emirates Advanced Technology Institute Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU24DLUK Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology Universidad de ZaragozaCampus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D50018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón(INMA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSICc/María de Luna 350018 ZaragozaSpain Networking research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and NanomedicineCIBERBBN28029 MadridSpain Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of TechnologyVan der Massweg 92629 HZ DelftThe Netherlands The Surface Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU24DLUK

In this study,Ni catalysts supported on Pr-doped Ce O_(2) are studied for the CO_(2) methanation reaction and the effect of Pr doping on the physicochemical properties and the catalytic performance is thoroughly *** is shown,that Pr^(3+)ions can substitute Ce^(4+)ones in the support lattice,thereby introducing a high population of oxygen vacancies,which act as active sites for CO_(2) *** doping can also act to reduce the crystallite size of metallic Ni,thus promoting the active metal *** performance evaluation evidences the promoting effect of low Pr loadings(5 at%and 10 at%)towards a higher catalytic activity and lower CO_(2) activation *** the other hand,higher Pr contents negate the positive effects on the catalytic activity by decreasing the oxygen vacancy population,thereby creating a volcano-type trend towards an optimum amount of aliovalent substitution.

关键词： Power-to-gas CO_(2)methanation Ni-based catalyst Pr-doped CeO_(2) Oxygen vacancy Catalytic activity Activation energy

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