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Regional Features and Seasonality of Land–Atmosphere Coupling over Eastern China

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第6期35卷 689-701页

作者： Chujie GAO Haishan CHEN Shanlei SUN Bei XU victor ongoma Siguang ZHU Hedi MA Xing LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME)/International Joint Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology College of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Meteorology South Eastern Kenya University

Land-atmosphere coupling is a key process of the climate system, and various coupling mechanisms have been proposed before based on observational and numerical analyses. The impact of soil moisture（SM） on evapotranspiration（ET） and further surface temperature（ST） is an important aspect of such coupling. Using ERA-Interim data and CLM4.0 offline simulation results, this study further explores the relationships between SM/ST and ET to better understand the complex nature of the land-atmosphere coupling（i.e., spatial and seasonal variations） in eastern China, a typical monsoon area. It is found that two diagnostics of land-atmosphere coupling（i.e., SM-ET correlation and ST-ET correlation） are highly dependent on the climatology of SM and ST. By combining the SM-ET and ST-ET relationships, two ＂hot spots＂ of land-atmosphere coupling over eastern China are identified： Southwest China and North China. In Southwest China, ST is relatively high throughout the year, but SM is lowest in spring, resulting in a strong coupling in spring. However, in North China, SM is relatively low throughout the year, but ST is highest in summer, which leads to the strongest coupling in summer. Our results emphasize the dependence of land-atmosphere coupling on the seasonal evolution of climatic conditions and have implications for future studies related to land surface feedbacks.

关键词： soil moisture surface temperature land-atmosphere interaction evapotranspiration coupling

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The Impacts of Topography on Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Distribution over Rwanda Based on WRF Model

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 145-157页

作者： Didier Ntwali Bob Alex Ogwang victor ongoma Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Rwanda Meteorology Agency Ministry of Natural Resources (MINIRENA) Kigali Rwanda Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Uganda National Meteorological Authority Kampala Uganda

The impact of topography on heavy rainfall during two rain seasons was investigated in order to explain their mechanisms on rainfall distribution over Rwanda. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model was used to study two historical cases of heavy rainfall which took place over Rwanda during two rain seasons, March to May (MAM) and September to December (SOND), from April 7 to 9, 2012 (for MAM) and from October 29 to 31, 2012 (during SOND). The control experiment was done with actual topography, whereas sensitivity experiment was carried out with topography reduced by half. Results show that rainfall distribution over Rwanda significantly changes when topography is reduced. The reduction in topography leads to a decrease in rainfall amounts in both MAM and SOND seasons, with varying magnitudes. This reveals the importance of orography in determining rainfall amounts and distribution over the region. The accumulated rainfall amount from WRF underestimate or overestimate rain gauge stations data by region and by season, but there is good agreement especially in altitude below 1490 m and above 1554 m during April and October respectively. The results may motivate modelling carters to further improve parameterization schemes in the mountainous regions.

关键词： Topography Seasonal Rainfall Rwanda WRF Model

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