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Journal of Philosophy Study 2013年第12期3卷 1118-1123页

作者： Alberto J. L. Carrillo Canan, victor gerardo rivas lopez May Zindel Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Universidad de las Americas Puebla

The theory of rhetorical figures in cinema is highly problematic, besides it can be considered as outdated as the semiotic theory of cinema,1 yet it is convenient to reexamine the idea of＂cinematographic metaphor＂ in order to throw some light on the dominant idea of cinema as narrative medium. In this paper we will examine：（l） the supposedly existing metaphor of urban and industrial man as sheep at the beginn!ng of Chaplin＇s film Modern Times; and （2） the sequence of the awakening stone lion in Eisenstein＇s Battleship Potemkin as metaphor of the proletarian revolt against czarism. We will arrive to the notion of a purely metaphoric film, which together with Zavattini＇s ideal film showing 90 minutes in the life of a man to whom nothing happens, will helps us draw some conclusions about montage and narrativity in cinema. Especially interesting in this connection is the fact that symbolical shots as the mentioned ones are like description in literature, that is, they have nothing to do neither with the time of the story nor with the time of the discourse.

关键词： metaphor mental state rhetorical figure illusion

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Growth of Wheat Cultivated in Soil Amended with Digestate from Biogas Production

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 318-327页

作者： Liliana PAMPILLON-GONZALEZ Marco LUNA-GUIDO victor Manuel RUIZ-VALDIVIEZO Olivia FRANCO-HERNANDEZ Fabign FERNANDEZ-LUQUENO Oetavio PAREDES-lopez gerardo HERNANDEZ Luc DENDOOVEN PhD Program on Science Technology and Society Cinvestav IPN 2508 Mexico DF 07360 (Mexico) Laboratory of Soil Ecology Laboratorio de Matemdticas Aplicadas y Cdmputo de Alto Rendimiento Cinvestav-Edomex (ABACUS) Cinvestav IPN 2508 Mexico DF 07360 (Mexico) Department of Chemistry Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnologla-Instituto Politdcnico Nacional (UPIBI-IPN) Me- xico DF 07340 (Mexico) Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Program Cinvestav-Saltillo 1062 Coahuila 25900 (Mexico) Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry Cinvestav Irapuato 36821 (Mexico)

Digestate, the product obtained after anaerobic digestion of organic waste for biogas production, is rich in plant nutrients and might be used to fertilize crops. Wheat （Triticum spp. L.） was fertilized with digestate, urea, or left unfertilized and cultivated in the greenhouse for 120 d. Emissions of greenhouse gasses （carbon dioxide （CO2）, methane （CH4）, and nitrous oxide （N20）） were monitored and plant growth characteristics were determined at harvest. The digestate was characterized for heavy metals, pathogens, and C and N mineralization potential in an aerobic incubation experiment. No Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., or viable eggs of helminths were detected in the digested pig slurry, but the number of faecal coliforms was as high as 3.6 ~ 104 colony-forming units （CFU） g-1 dry digestate. The concentrations of heavy metals did not surpass the upper limits established by US Environmental Protection Agency （EPA）. After 28 d, 17% of the organic C （436 g kg-1 dry digestate） and 8% of the organic N （6.92 g kg-1 dry digestate） were mineralized. Emissions of CO2 and CH4 were not significantly affected by fertilization in the wheat-cultivated soil, but digestate significantly increased the cumulative N20 emission by 5 times compared to the urea-amended soil and 63 times compared to the uncultivated unfertilized soil. It could be concluded that digestate was nutrient rich and low in heavy metals and pathogens, and did not affect emissions of CH4 and CO2 when applied to a soil cultivated with wheat, but increased emission of N20. Key Words： biodigester, C and N mineralization potential, faecal coliform, heavy metal, pathogen, pig slurry

关键词： biodigester C and N mineralization potential faecal coliform heavy metal pathogen pig slurry

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