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GC-MS analysis of volatile compounds of Perilla frutescens Britton var. Japonica accessions: morphological and seasonal variability

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第7期10卷 705-714页

作者： Bimal Kumar ghimire Ji Hye Yoo Chang Yeon Yu Ill-Min Chung Department of Applied Life Science Konkuk University Bioherb research Institute Kangwon National University

Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.

关键词： Perilla frutescens Essential oil GC–MS analysis Morphological character Harvesting time

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Test re-test reliability of virtual acoustic space identification (VASI) test in young adults with normal hearing

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Journal of Otology 2023年第1期18卷 55-62页

作者： Kavassery Venkateswaran Nisha Prabuddha Bhatarai Kruthika Suresh Shashish ghimire Prashanth Prabhu Department of Audiology All India Institute of Speech and HearingManasagangothriMysuru570006India

Background:recent developments in virtual acoustic technology has levered promising applications in the field of auditory sciences,especially in spatial *** conventional auditory spatial assessment using loudspeakers,interaural differences and/or questionnaires are limited by the availability and cost of instruments,the use of virtual acoustic space identification(VASI)test has widespread applications in spatial test battery as it overcomes these ***:The lack of test-retest reliability data of VASI test narrows its direct application in auditory spatial assessment,which is explored in the present ***:Data from 75 normal-hearing young adults(mean age:25.11 y±4.65 SD)was collected in three sessions:baseline,within 15 min of baseline(intra-session),and one week after baseline session(inter-session).Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC),coefficient of variation(CV),and cluster ***:The results showed excellent reliability for both accuracy and reaction time measures of VASI,with ICC values of 0.93 and 0.87,*** CV values for overall VASI accuracy and reaction time 9.66% and 11.88%,*** was also complemented by the cluster plot analyses,which showed 93.33% and 96.00% of temporal stability in the accuracy and reaction time measures,indicative of high test-retest reliability of VASI test in auditory spatial ***:The high temporal stability(test-retest reliability)of VASI test validates its application in spatial hearing test battery.

关键词： Test-retest reliability Psychoacoustics Virtual auditory spatial perception Intra-and inter-session Accuracy reaction time

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Predicting the upper stem diameters and volume of a tropical dominant tree species

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Journal of Forestry research 2022年第6期33卷 1725-1737页

作者： Sunita Ulak Keshav ghimire rabindra Gautam Shes Kanta Bhandari Krishna Prasad Poudel Yajna Prasad Timilsina Dhirendra Pradhan thakur Subedi Forest research and Training Centre KathmanduNepal Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia Department of Forestry Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StatePO Box 9681Starkville 39762USA

Predicting upper stem diameters and individual tree volumes is important for product quantification and can provide important information for the sustainable management of forests of important commercial tree species(Shorea robusta)in *** aim of this study was to develop a taper equation for ***-four trees were selected and felled in the southern low land of Nepal.A mixed effect modelling approach was used to evaluate 17 different taper functions.‘Leave-one-out cross-validation'was used to validate the fitted taper *** variable exponent taper function best fitted our data and described more than 99%of the variation in upper stem *** also showed significant effects of stand density on tree *** tree volume prediction using the local volume model developed in this study was more accurate compared to the volume predicted through the taper function and existing volume *** taper function developed in this study provides the benefit of predicting upper stem diameter and can be used for predicting volume to any merchantable height of individual *** will have implications in estimates of volume,biomass,and carbon and thus may be a potential supporting tool in carbon trade and revenue generation.

关键词： Mixed-model approach Shorea robusta Taper Volume Nepal

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Evaluation of Pre-Emergence and Post-Emergence Herbicides for Weed Management in Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sinensis

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1439-1467页

作者： Bimal Kumar ghimire Chang Yeon Yu Seung Hyun Kim Ill Min Chung Department of Crop Science College of Sanghuh Life ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Korea Bioherb research Institute Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Kore

Miscanthus,is a promising bioenergy crop,considered superior to other bioenergy crops because of its higher water and nutrient use efficiency,cold tolerance,and higher production of *** weeds and grass weeds,cause major problems in the Miscanthus field.A field experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019,to assess the effects of pre-emergence(alachlor and napropamide)and post-emergence herbicides(nicosulfuron,dicamba,bentazon,and glufosinate ammonium)on broadleaf and grass weeds in *** and *** *** weed control efficiency and phytotoxicity of pre-and post-emergence herbicides were evaluated at 30 days after treatment(DAT)and compared to those of the control *** results showed wide variations in the susceptibility of the weed species to the treated *** with nicosulfuron 40 ***^(-1) provided the most effective overall weed control(with 10%visual injury),without affecting the height and biomass of neither Miscanthus species in the ***-emergence herbicides such as glufosinate ammonium 400 ***^(-1) and dicamba 482 ***^(-1) were effective and inhibited the growth and density of the majority of weeds to a 100%;however,they showed significant phytotoxicity(toxicity scale of 1-10)to both species of *** application of glufosinate ammonium caused severe injuries to the foliar region(90%visual injury)of both Miscanthus ***,*** showed a slightly higher tolerance to the herbicides nicosulfuron,bentazon and napropamide with 10%visual injury at the recommended dose than *** present study clearly showed that infestation of broadleaf and grass weeds in Miscanthus fields can cause significant damage to the growth and biomass of Miscanthus and applying pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides effectively controls the high infestation of these weeds.

关键词： miscanthus herbicides weeds biomass chlorophyll visual injury

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Predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution of two threatened Himalayan medicinal plants of Liliaceae in Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第3期14卷 558-570页

作者： raNA Santosh Kumar raNA Hum Kala ghimire Suresh Kulllar SHrEStha Krishna Kumar raNJITKAr Sailesh Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of EastAsia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia 132 Lanhei RdHeilongtanKunming 650201China

Predicting the potential distribution of medicinal plants in response to climate change is essential for their conservation and management. Contributing to the management program, this study aimed to predict the distribution of two threatened medicinal plants, Fritillaria cirrhosa and Lilium nepalense. The location of focal species gathered from herbarium specimen housed in different herbaria and online databases were geo-referenced and checked for spatial autocorrelation. The predictive environmental variables were selected, and MaxEnt software was used to model the current and future distributions of focal species. Four representative Concentration Pathway （rCP） trajectories of the BCC-CSMI.1 model were used as the future （2050） projection layer. The MaxEnt modelling delineated the potential distribution of F. cirrhosa and L. nepalense. The current suitability is projected towards Central and Eastern Hilly/Mountainous regions. Both species gain maximum suitability in rCP 4.5 which decline towards other trajectories for L. nepalense. Overall, both the focal species shift towards the north-west, losing their potential habitat in hilly and lower mountainous regions by 2050 across all trajectories. Our results highlight the impact of future climate change on two threatened and valuable species. The results can be further useful to initiate farming of these medicinally and economically important species based on climatically suitable zone and for designing a germplasm conservation strategy.

关键词： Commercial exploitation Conservation Lily Fritillaria cirrhosa Lilium nepalense MaxEntmodelling Species distribution

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A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton(Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from Eastern Himalaya

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Asian Herpetological research 2015年第4期6卷 245-256页

作者： Janak raj KHATIWADA Bin WANG Subarna ghimire Karthikeyan VASUDEVAN Shanta PAUDEL Jianping JIANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Tribhuvan University Central Department of Zoology CSIr-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species Himalayan research and Conservation Nepal

A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described from eastern Himalaya based on molecular and morphological comparisons. The new species is diagnosable from the closely-related species by having light brown colouration in dorsal region in life, flat and blunt snout, greatly separated dorsolateral bony ridges on head and straightthick tailfin. In addition to head morphology, the new species is also morphologically distinguishable from its closelyrelated species Tylototriton shanorum by having 16 dorsal warts and average smaller Snout Vent Length（SVL）.

关键词： Tylototriton himalayanus sp. nov. eastern Himalaya morphology molecular phylogeny taxonomy

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Susceptibility of field populations of sugarcane borer from non-Bt and Bt maize plants to five individual Cry toxins

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Insect Science 2012年第5期19卷 570-578页

作者： Fangneng Huang Mukti N. ghimire B. rogers Leonard Yu-Cheng Zhu Graham P. Head Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Macon ridge research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Winnsboro Louisiana Jamie Whitten Delta States research Center USDA-ARS Stoneville Mississippi Monsanto Company St. Louis Missouri USA

Sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis （E）, is a major target of transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） proteins in South America and the US mid- south region. resistance development in target pest populations is a major threat to the sustainable use of Bt crops. In our field trials in 2009, a significant number of live borers and plant injury fi＇om D. saccharalis were observed in an experimental SmartStaxTM maize line. The objective of this study was to assess the relative susceptibility of two field popula- tions ofD. saccharalis collected from non-Bt and Bt maize plants containing SmartStaxTM traits to five individual Cry proteins. The five Bt proteins included two proteins （Cry 1A. 105 and Cry2Ab2） that were expressed in SmartStaxTM maize plants and three other common Bt proteins （Cry 1Aa, Cry 1Ab and Cry l Ac） that were not produced in SmartStaxTM. Larval mortality and growth inhibition on Bt diet of the fourth generation after field collections were evaluated 7 days after release of neonates on the diet surface. The laboratory bioassays showed that 50% lethal concentration （LCs0） values for CrylA. 105 and Cry2Ab2 for the population originated from Bt plants were 3.55- and 1.34-fold greater, respectively, than those of the population collected from non-Bt plants. In contrast, relative to the popula- tion from non-Bt plants, the LCs0 of the population sampled from Bt plants were 3.85-, 2.5- and 1.64-fold more sensitive to CrylAa, CrylAb and CrylAc, respectively. The re- sults did not provide clear evidence to conclude that the observed field survival of D. saccharalis on Bt plants was associated with increased levels of resistance.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis maize stalk borer susceptibility transgenic crops

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The 100 top-cited articles on childhood obesity: a bibliometric analysis

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Global Health Journal 2022年第3期6卷 136-148页

作者： Joseph Kawuki Taha Hussein Musa Upama ghimire Nathan Obore Shireen Salome Papabathini Centre for Health Behaviours research Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China Biomedical research Institute Darfur CollegeNyalaSouth Darfur 63313Sudan

Background:Childhood obesity(CHO)is a serious global health challenge affecting both developed and developing *** feats attained in addressing this global health challenge can be reflected through the top-cited *** study’s aim was to analyze the features of the 100 top-cited articles concerning ***:We used a bibliometric analysis,and searched for relevant articles from the Web of Science(December 1,2021),using an appropriate keyword search-strategy((child Or childhood Or children Or adolescent)AND(obese Or obesity Or overweight)).The retrieved documents were analysed based on the citation number,publication year,authorship,institution,journal and *** analyses were performed mainly by the Bibliometrix application(using r-studio cloud)and ***:The 100 top-cited articles were published between 1976 and 2018,their citations ranged from 365 to 10789,with a mean citation of 1146.2 and 31 studies had more than 1000 *** articles were published in 31 journals,with the“Pediatrics”journal having the most publications(n=18).The studies were from 12 countries,with the most-productive being the USA(n=68),followed by the United Kingdom(n=12)and France(n=3).The leading institution was the University of Bristol(n=8),while Dietz WH(n=12),and Flegal KM(n=8)were the most productive *** most common research fields covered by these articles were;“General Internal Medicine”(n=34),“Pediatrics”(n=29),and“Nutrition Dietetics”(n=18).The study noted significant correlations between the total article citation and the number of authors(r=0.203),countries involved(r=0.407),institutions(r=0.407),and the publication year(r=0.847),all with Prough these top-cited articles,this analysis provides discernment into the historical advancements,including the prime roles performed by various stakeholders in addressing the issue of ***,Asian countries’contribution is not adequately reflected in these articles,and thus

关键词： Childhood obesity Bibliometric analysis 100 top-cited Citation classics

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Landslide Distribution and Processes in the Hills of Central Nepal: Geomorphic and Statistical Approach to Susceptibility Assessment

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第12期8卷 276-302页

作者： Motilal ghimire Niroj Timalsina Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Kathmandu Nepal

The study examined the landslide distribution, processes, and susceptibility of the Lalbakaiya watershed using GIS and remote sensing technology. Inventory of landslides was done using high-resolution satellite imagery available on Google Earth and was verified and further investigated during the field visit. Geomorphic as well as statistical approaches were applied to assess landslides susceptibility and the significance of their outputs was discussed. Map layers representing conditioning and triggering factors of landslide occurrence were produced from various spatial data sources. The study found that the landslide of the Lalbakaiya watershed is primarily controlled by geology representing young, weak, fragile, and weathered sedimentary rocks. Besides, the role of topography such as steep slope, high relative relief, and land use and land cover played an important role in determining the landslide susceptibility. These processes are triggered by monsoon precipitation, seismicity, and land use change in addition to other factors. The geomorphic approach produces a reliable landslide susceptible map as evidenced by past and present (active) failures on a landscape unit, but this map has low predictability of the landslides occurrence. In contrast, the landslide susceptibility map derived from the landslide index method fairly conforms with that derived from the geomorphic approach. Susceptibility calculated by landslide index map is represented by a pixel value that indicates a probability of landslides occurrence, and is amenable to group into various susceptible classes. The model can predict areas of landslides based on quantitative relation between landslides and geo-ecological factors. The limitation of this approach is that these susceptible areas do not represent clearly defined landscape units, and can also overlook highly erodible areas where landslides are not apparent despite severe erosion and numerous minor failures. The study confirms that both geomor

关键词： Landslide Chure Hills Susceptibility Watershed

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Estimation of Shear Wave Structure and Horizontal to Vertical Spectral ratio at Different Sites in Kathmandu Valley

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第5期7卷 300-308页

作者： Srijana Poudel Subesh ghimire Central Department of Geology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

The present study was carried out to evaluate resonant frequency of the ground and to characterize subsurface ground based on shear wave velocity structure. For this, five sites were selected such as Pulchowk, Chhauni, Gaushala, Buddhanagar and Bhainsepati. About 20 data were recorded in each site and then shear wave velocity structure and graph of amplification ratio with their spatial distribution has been established with the help of software i.e. Seisimager/Seismodule Controller. The results of both analysis methods were then compared to the amplitude of the Gorkha Earthquake and borehole data. All these data and study indicates that the Kathmandu Valley sediments are dependent on the frequency of the seismic waves and the wave velocity is greater in the peripheral region than in the central part of the Valley. The result had also shown that the presence of silty-sand, clay and loose gravel soil with low bearing capacity and elastic modulus in most of the sites are responsible for devastation. It was also noted that apart from few limitations, a non-intrusive microtremor analysis can be adopted for earthquake site characterization in the Kathmandu Valley which can be readily applied and expanded upon in future seismic hazard and microzonation efforts for Kathmandu.

关键词： Microtremor Passive Source Array Borehole Microzonation

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