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Limited impacts of occasional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee S.Paye vesh r.tha.a.ra.a. ghimire New Mexico State University Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA New Mexico State University Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage management that minimizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increase soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occasional disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(SOC)storage within aggregates has not been studied *** evaluated the effect of four tillage management practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected C and N,mineral-associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C),particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C),and corn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping *** included conventional tillage(CT),strip-tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT),and occasional tillage(OT)management in a corn-sorghum *** macro-aggregates were 51-54%greater under ST,NT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduced soil aggregate-associated C by 28-31%in macro-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 months(M)sampling compared to ST,NT,and *** clay+silt fraction,CT had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less SOC at 7,14,and 26M samplings,respectively,than ST,NT,and *** associated N was generally similar under ST,NT,and OT,which was greater on average than *** MOAM-C and POM-C under ST,NT,and OT were generally greater than respective SOC fractions under CT at 19 and 26 M after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under ST,NT,and OT than CT in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower SOC and N storage,a single stubble mulch occasional tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil C and N losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： Conventional tillage Occasional tillage Aggregate associated carbon Mineral associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C) Particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C)

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Socio-scientific quantification of the comprehensive benefits of debris flow mitigation measures for villages in western Sichuan, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1598-1612页

作者： DENG Ting XU Pei LI Ming LU Yafeng WANG Yukuan LI Zhengyang SHraVAN Kumar ghimire Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Debris flow hazards seriously threaten thesafety and sustainable development of mountainousareas. Numerous debris flow mitigation measures havebeen implemented worldwide;however, acomprehensive assessment of the specific disasterreduction effects of these measures and their economic,social and ecological benefits is yet to be *** western region of Sichuan Province frequentlysuffers from geohazards such as debris flow, and thegovernment has adopted many mitigation *** study assessed the benefits of debris flowmitigation measures and identified the key influencingfactors via a field-based study conducted in 81 villagesin western Sichuan province, China. A framework forthe evaluation of the benefits of rural debris flowmitigation measures was constructed andquantitatively evaluated using a survey. Snowballsampling was performed to recruit 81 village leadersand 468 farmers. The results showed that managementand engineering measures were the main methodsused to mitigate debris flow;ecological measures wereauxiliary. The average satisfaction scores of farmers forthese three types of measures were 4.07, 3.90, and 3.56,respectively (as measured on a five-point Likert scale).In contrast, in terms of the benefits of these mitigationmeasures, only a small proportion of villages (11.11%)obtained a high level of comprehensive benefits fromthe debris flow mitigation measures, while the majority(88.89%) received medium to low-level benefits. Toimprove this situation, we further studied and foundthat the main factors that restricted villages fromachieving high-level comprehensive benefits were theunpredictable nature of debris flows, labour forceoutflow and remoteness. Effective control measures, agood economic environment and strong governmentassistance were reported as crucial factors forimproving these comprehensive benefits. This studyprovides socio-scientific references for decisionmakingon rural debris flow mitigation measures while keeping villages at the

关键词： Mitigation measures Comprehensive benefit evaluation Debris flow Mountain development rural areas

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应用改进的Morgan-Morgan-Finney模型评估土壤侵蚀易感性:以尼泊尔Kulekhani流域为例

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Journal of resources and Ecology 2024年第1期15卷 182-196页

作者： thaPA rabin JOSHI rajeev BHATTA Binod ghimire Santosh 尼泊尔赫陀达农林大学林业学院尼泊尔Hetauda44107 尼泊尔乌达布尔农林大学自然资源管理学院尼泊尔UdayapurKatari56310

本研究旨在考察Kulekhani流域土地利用与土地覆盖(LULC)动态变化及土壤侵蚀情况,并对2000年至2020年不同LULC类别进行分析。研究结果显示,Kulekhani流域森林土地比例从2000年的60.72%上升至2010年的62.43%,2020年达到64.75%。水域面积... 详细信息

本研究旨在考察Kulekhani流域土地利用与土地覆盖(LULC)动态变化及土壤侵蚀情况,并对2000年至2020年不同LULC类别进行分析。研究结果显示,Kulekhani流域森林土地比例从2000年的60.72%上升至2010年的62.43%,2020年达到64.75%。水域面积有小幅增加,2000年占比为1.07%,2020年增加到1.08%。相应地,荒地面积从0.21%增至0.35%。相反,农业用地比例逐渐减少,2000年为38%,2010年为36.24%,2020年降至33.82%。使用改进的Morgan-Morgan-Finney模型估算土壤流失量显示,2000年到2010年期间,加权平均土壤流失量呈下降趋势,而2010年到2020年期间略微增加。计算得出的土壤流失值分别为2000年8.64 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)、2010年7.12 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)和2020年7.30 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)。土壤侵蚀易感性图表明,2000年到2020年期间,非常低风险的土壤侵蚀区域有所增加,主要集中在森林地区,而农业区域则显示出低到中度的易感性。此外,荒地区域显示出中高度的土壤侵蚀易感性。为解决这些问题,建议未来的努力应包括在荒地地区进行造林计划,在农业区域实施保护耕作方式,并采取适当的道路稳定措施。

关键词：水泥沙土地利用土地覆盖坡度降雨量

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Exploring the Latest Trends in AI Technologies: A Study on Current State, Application and Individual Impacts

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第8期12卷 21-36页

作者： Md Ahsan Ullah Imran Mustakim Bin Aziz Anamika Tiwari Sanchita Saha Ashok ghimire Department of Business Administration Westcliff University 17877 Von Karman Ave 4th Floor Irvine CA 92614 United States

Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers immediate insights to penetrate the overwhelming volume of everyday security warnings. The current body of research mostly examines the use of AI in the field of cyber security, but it does not adequately address the visual inspection of AI applications. The advent of AI has led to noticeable structural changes in the field of cyber security. This study facilitates the advancement of theory about artificial intelligence (AI) across several fields. It assists researchers in determining research paths and serves as a resource for corporations and governments to strategize the use of AI in areas such as cyber security, education, healthcare, and work-life balance. Numerous nations, organizations, and writers are intricately linked via cooperation and citation networks. Artificial intelligence is an academic discipline focused on the research and advancement of computer systems, robots, and other creations that possess human-like intelligence, which is defined by cognitive powers, learning capabilities, and adaptability. This research aimed to evaluate the present trajectory and influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on education, healthcare, cybersecurity, and work-life balance. Based on an initial examination, this research focused on evaluating the use and impact of AI in many domains, using a specific narrative and framework. The findings of this study will enable researchers to comprehend the prevailing pattern and the influence of people on the integration of AI into daily life.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Cybersecurity Healthcare AI on Education Work-Life Balance

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Applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in Information Technology System to Evaluate the Adoption of Decision Support System

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第8期12卷 242-256页

作者： Md Azhad Hossain Anamika Tiwari Sanchita Saha Ashok ghimire Md Ahsan Ullah Imran rabeya Khatoon Department of Business Administration International American University 3440 Wilshire Blvd STE 1000 Los Angeles CA 90010 United States Department of Business Administration Westcliff University 17877 Von Karman Ave 4th Floor Irvine CA 92614 United States

With the beginning of the information systems’ spreading, people started thinking about using them for making business decisions. Computer technology solutions, such as the Decision Support System, make the decision-making process less complex and simpler for problem-solving. In order to make a high-quality business decision, managers need to have a great deal of appropriate information. Nonetheless, this complicates the process of making appropriate decisions. In a situation like that, the possibility of using DSS is quite logical. The aim of this paper is to find out the intended use of DSS for medium and large business organizations in USA by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Different models were developed in order to understand and predict the use of information systems, but the information systems community mostly used TAM to ensure this issue. The purpose of the research model is to determine the elements of analysis that contribute to these results. The sample for the research consisted of the target group that was supposed to have completed an online questionnaire about the manager’s use of DSS in medium and large American companies. The information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed through the SPSS statistical software. The research has indicated that, this is primarily used due to a significant level of Perceived usefulness and For the Perceived ease of use.

关键词： Information Technology Decision Support System Business Organization in USA Technology Acceptance Model

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Perfusion computed tomography in colorectal cancer:Protocols,clinical applications and emerging trends

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第26期15卷 3228-3231页

作者： Prasanna ghimire Department of Magnetic resonance Imaging Zhongnan HospitalWuhan University

Perfusion computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a novel functional imaging technique with gradually increasing importance in the management of colorectal cancer (CrC).By providing the functional tumor microvasculature,it also helps the assessment of therapeutic response of anti-angiogenic drugs as it may reflect tumor *** CT has been applied in clinical practice to delineate inflammatory or neoplastic lymph nodes irrespective of their size,identify micro-metastases and to predict metastases in advance of their *** is of increasing significance for preoperative adjuvant therapies and avoidance of unnecessary *** controversies regarding the techniques employed,its validity and reproducibility,it can be advantageous in the management of CrCs in which the prognosis is dependent on preoperative *** recent advances in the perfusion CT techniques,and incorporation to other modalities like positron emission tomography,perfusion CT will be a novel tool in the overall management of *** article aims at reviewing the existing clinical applications and recent advances of perfusion CT with a reference to future development in the management of CrCs.

关键词： Colorectal cancers Perfusion computed tomography Angiogenesis Neovascularization Micrometastases

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Lie Triple Derivations of the Lie Algebra of Dominant Block Upper Triangular Matrices

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Algebra Colloquium 2018年第3期25卷 475-492页

作者： Prakash ghimire Huajun Huang Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences LSU of Alexandria Alexandria LA 71302 USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA

Let N be the Lie algebra of all n x n dominant block upper triangular matrices over a field F. In this paper, we explicitly describe all Lie triple derivations of N when char（F） ≠ 2. As an application, we character... 详细信息

关键词： Lie triple derivation block upper triangular matrix Lie algebra

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Optical tweezer and TIrF microscopy for single molecule manipulation of rNA/DNA nanostructures including their rubbery property and single molecule counting

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Biophysics reports 2021年第6期7卷 449-474页

作者： Chiran ghimire Peixuan Guo Center for rNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine College of Pharmacy 3. Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung research Institute 4. College of Medicine 5. James Compréhensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University

Life science is often focused on the microscopic level. Single-molecule technology has been used to observe components at the micro-or nanoscale. Single-molecule imaging provides unprecedented information about the behavior of individual molecules in contrast to the information from ensemble methods that average the information of many molecules in various states. A typical feature of living systems is motion. The lack of synchronicity of motion biomachines in living systems makes it challenging to image the motion process with high resolution. Thus, single-molecule technology is especially useful for real-time study on motion mechanism of biomachines, such as viral DNA packaging motor, or other ATPases. The most common optical instrumentations in single-molecule studies are optical tweezers and single molecule total internal refection fluorescence microscopy(sm TIrF). Optical tweezers are the force-based technique. The analysis of rNA using optical tweezer has led to the discovery of the rubbery or amoeba property of rNA nanoparticles for compelling vessel extravasation to enhance tumor targeting and fast renal excretion. The rubbery property of rNA lends mechanistic evidence for rNAs use as an ideal reagent in cancer treatment with undetectable toxicity. Single molecule photobleaching allows for the direct counting of biomolecules. This technique was invented for single molecule counting of rNA in the phi29 DNA packaging motor to resolve the debate between five and six copies of rNA in the motor. The technology has subsequently extended to counting components in biological machines composed of protein, DNA, and other macromolecules. In combination with statistical analysis, it reveals biomolecular mechanisms in detail and leads to the development of ultra-sensitive sensors in diagnosis and forensics. This review focuses on the applications of optical tweezers and fluorescence-based techniques as single-molecule technologies to resolve mechanistic questions related

关键词： Stoichiometry prNA Photobleaching Bacteriophage Phi29 DNA packaging motor Portal vertex Passive targeting Cancer imaging renal excretion Organ accumulation Single layer patterned arrays

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Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved rice Varieties among rural Farm Households in Central Nepal

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rice science 2015年第1期22卷 35-43页

作者： raju ghimire HUANG Wen-chi rudra Bahadur SHrEStha Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Department of Agribusiness Management National Pingtung University of Science and Technology

The use of improved high yielding crop varieties is an important avenue for reducing hunger and food insecurity in developing countries. Using cross-sectional data obtained from a survey conducted during 2013 crop season, we performed a probit model （plot-level analysis） to determine the probability of adopting new improved rice varieties （NIrVs） by smallholder farmers particularly from two main agro-ecological regions （hills and tropical plain terai regions） of Central Nepal. The results revealed that education, extension services and seed access play significant roles in adoption decisions. Additionally, farm and field characteristic variables such as farm size, endowment of favorable land type （e.g. lowlands）, and animal power （e.g. oxen） are the key factors influencing the probability of adopting NIrVs. The results showed that technology specific variables （e.g. yield potential and acceptability） are significant for explaining adoption behavior, implying that it is important to take farmers＇ preferences to varietal characteristics into consideration in the design of a research and development program. Given the significant role played by extension and access related variables, increased emphasis on information dissemination, field demonstration, and farmers＇ participatory research and training programs to popularize new rice varieties and enhance their adoption rate are required. This also suggests that policy intervention should be made on improving the educational status of farming households, and developing programs on varietal package of rice seed which offer farmers a variety of choices among the appropriate pools of germplasm. Such programs ultimately help farmers develop more profit-oriented behavior which are necessary to enhance adoption rate, production and food security in the long run.

关键词： adoption improved rice variety probit model tropical terai region technology specific characteristic

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Increase of forest carbon biomass due to community forestry management in Nepal

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Journal of Forestry research 2018年第2期29卷 424-433页

作者： Anup K C roshani Manandhar rajeshor Paudel Sujan ghimire Department of Environmental Science Amrit CampusTribhuvan University Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan University Department of Environmental Science Tri-Chandra CampusTribhuvan University

Community forest management helps in mitigating deforestation and forest degradation by addressing the negative aspects of rural livelihoods such as poverty and social *** is important in regulating global climate by encouraging sequestration of carbon in shoots,roots and *** studied the status of community forest management,forest resource harvest and carbon stocks in two community forests of the mid hill region of central and western *** study was based on primary and secondary data collected through carbon stock measurement from field visits and allometric equations,household surveys,focus group discussions,key informant interviews,and review of past *** variables such as gender,age group,livestock and landholding status were related to resource utilization,conservation,and management of community *** resources such as timber,firewood,fodder and leaf litter were harvested in sustainable *** were involved in forest thinning,co-management meetings,guarding and planting trees for forest conservation and *** and carbon stock of trees increased gradually in comparison to a previous *** recommend further research on other community forests for more accurate and better results.

关键词： Community forest management resource use Carbon stock Nepal

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