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Institutions and Intellectuals That Configure the Concept of the Environment and Development in Latin America and Its Global Impact

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第9期4卷 1002-1010页

作者： Fernando Estenssoro Eduardo Déves Advanced Studies Institute of Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile.

This paper is part of a research into the Latin American thinking on international affairs and a continuation of a line of work on Latin American contributions to the environmental discussion installed in the global political agenda in the early 70s. The premise was that Latin American contributions were initially made by professionals closely related to ECLAC, UNEP and the Bariloche Foundation. These professionals and agencies understood how poverty and backwardness were endured by the majority of the regional and world’s population was one of the main causes of environmental degradation;consequently, overcoming the environmental crisis meant that underdevelopment should be eradicated without delay. This view of the environmental problems was synthesized in the combined concept of “environment and development”, which was also understood in the region as “eco development”. Finally, the broad phenomenon they wanted to describe using the terms “environment and development” was summarized in the concept of sustainable development as defined in the 1987 World Commission on Environment and Development report “our Common Future”.

关键词： Environment and Development Environmental Crisis Latin American Intellectuals World Politics

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匈牙利—中国双边贸易关系研究

匈牙利—中国双边贸易关系研究

作者：柯文迪（K (o|") ves Kitti）北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

To understand the Chinese-Hungarian trade relations it is important to shortly introduce their role in international trade and interpret their national foreign trade policy. After get more familiar with their positions and motivations on the international markets it is easier to survey how the two countries trade relations evolved and analyze their own "China" and "Hungary" trade policy. The early2000s brought a true turning point for China and for Hungary as well regarding to their role in international trade. After a long negotiation process in2001China finally became a member of the WTo and in2004Hungary entered in the European Union. In the last few years both country set out its very own and significant foreign strategy, which contain lots of economic element. The Hungarian Eastern opening policy aims to diversify the Hungarian foreign trade by promoting stronger economic relations with the Eastern countries, among with China. The Chinese "one Belt one Road" initiative introduced in2013call for revitalize the economic relations all the way of the ancient Silk Road by infrastructural developments in the mentioned area. The new policies play important role in the two countries foreign trade relations as well. The study aims to give to the readers an insight into the Chinese-Hungarian trade relations, offers a helping hand to understand the two countries economy and foreign trade policy. Its aim is to reveal the difficulties and deficiencies emerging between their trade transactions and it tries to find answers and solutions for these challenges.

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Solar Geoengineering to Reduce Global Warming—The outlook Remains Cloudy

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Engineering 2022年第2期8卷 6-9页

作者： Sean o’Neill Senior Technology Writer

In March 2021,Australia’s Great Barrier Reef played host to a rare field test of marine cloud brightening(MCB)*** a seawater mist into the air from the aft of a research ves-sel using a turbine outfitted with novel spray nozzles,researchers watched the resulting white plume rise into the sky(Fig.1)[1].over the last five years,the Reef has suffered multiple mass bleaching events because of ocean warming caused by climate change[2].The MCB project,led by senior lecturer Daniel Harrison of Southern Cross University,Coffs Harbour,Australia,is part of the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program[3],a government-backed research and development initiative that aims to“develop,test and risk-assess novel interventions to help keep the Reef resilient.”

关键词： Solar warming ocean

正方：麻醉导致发育期神经细胞凋亡——目前的实验证据

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麻醉与镇痛 2009年第5期5卷 6-10页

作者： ves na Jevtovic-Todorovic Neuroscience 张宇(译) 米卫东(校) Departments of Anesthesiology and Neuroscience University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville Virginia Department of Psychiatry WA University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 不详

8年前，Ikonomidou等报道谷氨酸受体N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸（NMDA）亚型阻滞剂可使幼龄大鼠脑发生广泛的神经细胞凋亡。随后的系列研究确认多种药物可致幼龄大鼠或小鼠发生类似的神经变性，这些药物包括：（1）GABAA受体激动剂；（2）拮抗... 详细信息

8年前，Ikonomidou等报道谷氨酸受体N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸（NMDA）亚型阻滞剂可使幼龄大鼠脑发生广泛的神经细胞凋亡。随后的系列研究确认多种药物可致幼龄大鼠或小鼠发生类似的神经变性，这些药物包括：（1）GABAA受体激动剂；（2）拮抗NMDA受体和激动GABA。受体的乙醇；（3）抗癫痫药物，包括能激动GABAA受体和阻滞Na离子通道的药物；

关键词：神经细胞凋亡 N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸 GABAA受体发育期 A受体激动剂抗癫痫药物谷氨酸受体证据

Geoelectric Soundings for Delineation of Saline Water Intrusion into Aquifers in Part of Eastern Dahomey Basin, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第3期5卷 213-232页

作者： Igbagbo A. Adeyemo Gregory o. omosuyi Adebowale o. Adelusi Department of Applied Geophysics Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

This study was aimed at mapping the subsurface extent of saline water intrusions into aquifers at the eastern part of Dahomey basin, Nigeria. The study adopted geoelectric sounding methods. 108 vertical electrical soundings (ves) and 9 induced polarization soundings (IPS) data were acquired using Schlumberger array technique. Three aquifer units were delineated across the study area. The resistivity of the first, second and third aquifer layers varies from 0.2 to 1569 ohm-m, 0.5 to 904 ohm-m and 0.4 to 665 ohm-m respectively, while depth to the top of first, second and third aquifer varies respectively from 0.7 to 151.5 m, 1.4 to 305.5 m and 12.9 to 452.9 m. The depth to the first aquifer layer is shallow (less than 5 m) in the coastal area which makes this area to be highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution while their proximity to Atlantic ocean makes them susceptible to saline water intrusion. In all the three aquifer units, the coastal area, Agbabu and other few locations in the mainland are characterized by low resistivity values (below 60 ohm-m) indicating possible presence of brackish or saline water. IP sounding results showed that all the low resistive layers in the mainland are characterized by clayey materials. The integration of ves and IPS results enabled the delineation of the saline water lateral extent across the study area. There is a strong direct correlation (r2 = 0.8564) between location distance from the saline water source and depth to saline water in the study area. This can therefore serve as a predictive model to determine depth to saline water at any location within the saline water zone in the study area.

关键词： Saline Water Intrusion Saline-Freshwater Boundary Vertical Electrical Sounding (ves) Induced Polarization Sounding (IPS) Correlation Curve

Monitoring Groundwater Contamination Using Surface Electrical Resistivity and Geochemical Methods

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第5期3卷 318-324页

作者： o. Akankpo M. U. Igboekwe 不详

Surface electrical resistivity has been used as a tool in the detection of groundwater contamination. In this work, five geoelectric soundings with two at waste dumpsites have been carried out in Uyo, Southwestern Nigeria to map the gross layered structure of the refuse as well as the extent of groundwater contamination. The geology of the area (Benin Formation) mainly consists of fine-medium-coarse grained sands. The data of five Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Soundings (ves), with a maximum of AB/2=500 m, were analyzed using Hemkler computer program. In general, there exists a common feature in the resistivity variation pattern of high-low-high-low-high in the area. The result shows a wide range of resistivity variation ranging from 2.0 to 60700 ?m. Based on the survey results, the resistivity values less than 75 ?m shows contamination due to waste at Eka street and Udo street. Also, the high resistivity value at mechanic village (60700 ?m) may be related to the waste oil deposit due to the automobile repair activities. A comparison of the resistivity values and the curve types at the dumpsites (Eka street and Udo street) and other locations show that the two dumpsites have an H curve type indicating contaminated zones, while other locations have a K curve type indicating non contaminated zones. Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater samples collected in the area was also carried out for some physico-chemical parameters. The results produced higher concentration of conductivity, total dissolved solids and chloride values for water collected at close locations to dumpsites than those far away from the dumpsites: an evidence for a quantitative assessment of groundwater contamination.

关键词： Groundwater Uyo Urban Resistivity ves Dumpsites

Effect of Geodynamic Activities on an Existing Dam: A Case Study of ojirami Dam, Southern Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第9期7卷 200-213页

作者： K. o. ozegin M. A. Bawallah S. o. Ilugbo A. A. oyedele J. F. oladeji Department of Physics Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma Nigeria Department of Applied Geophysics Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Physics Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Applied Geology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

Geodynamics is the study of the forces and their effects on motion and physics of the processes and the phenomena attending the steady evolution of the earth and the changes that are still going on. This study revealled the significance of electrical resistivity method on effect of geodynamic activities on an existing Dam monitoring at ojirami Dam, Edo State, Nigeria. The electrical resistivity method involved three techniques: 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Vertical Electrical Sounding (ves) and Horizontal Profiling (HP). 2D ERT using Dipole-Dipole electrode array with inter-station separation of 5 m and an expansion factor that varied from 1 to 5 with Nine (9) ves were carried out using Schlumberger array with current electrode spacing varying from 1.0 to 65.0 m and HP using Wenner array with an electrode spacing of 20 m and electrode movement at 5 meters. The 2-D imaging (Dipole-Dipole) gave information on the subsurface characteristic which section delineated five major geologic layers comprising of the topsoil, weathered basement, fractured zone, partly fractured basement and the fresh basement. The geoelectric sections identified three to four geoelectric/geologic subsurface layers along the traverse. The HP revealled the pattern of resistivity variations within the subsurface. The entire results correlate well with one another showing that all the techniques used were complemented. The combination of these techniques has proved effective and useful in geodynamic activities of the existing dam. ojirami Dam is at a critical point of yielding to activities of geodynamic processes that may occur from the main axis, of major weak zones as observed between 75 to 95.00 m and 115 to 145.00 m. Hence, there is need to call government attention for further confirmatory test using other geophysical methods and subsequently putting in place remedial measures to prevent its future occurrence.

关键词： Periodic Monitoring Seepage Dipole-Dipole Pseudo-Section Geoelectric Section

Groundwater Potential Evaluation in a Typical Basement Complex Environment Using GRT Index—A Case Study of Ipinsa-okeodu Area, near Akure, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第3期5卷 240-251页

作者： Igbagbo A. Adeyemo Gabriel o. omosuyi Bosede T. ojo Abiola Adekunle Department of Applied Geophysics Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

This study is aimed at evaluating groundwater potential of Ipinsa-okeodu area, near Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. A multi-criteria model was developed for achieving this aim;the GRT model which is based on geology of each sounding point, resistivity, and thickness of the aquifer across the study area was successfully used to evaluate the aquifer potential of the area for future groundwater development programme in the area. Geophysical investigation involving vertical electrical sounding was carried out across the study area. A total of one hundred and two (102) vertical electrical soundings (ves) data were acquired using Schlumberger array with maximum half-current electrode separation of 150 m. Three to five geoelectric layers were delineated across the study area. The predominant curve types are KH, H, K and A. The maps of aquifer layer resistivity and aquifer layer thickness were generated and synthesized with the geology of the study area in producing the GRT model map/groundwater potential map. The groundwater potential map shows that the area is characterized by five groundwater potential zones;poor, low, moderate, good and high. The northwestern regions, north central and part of the southwestern regions are high groundwater potential zones, the northern and most part of southeastern zone are of moderate potential, while small portion in the southeastern and northern zones are of low groundwater potential.

关键词： GRT-Model Groundwater Potential Evaluation Geology Resistivity Thickness

AN oIL SHALE SITE IN EL LAJJUN AREA, CENTRAL JoRDAN: A ves RESISTIVITY SURVEY

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Scientia Geologica Sinica 2000年第3期 303-312页

作者： Awni T. Batayneh (Natural Resources Authority, Geophysics Division, P. o. Box 7, Amman-Jordan nra@nra.gov.jo, Tel: 962-6-5857600, Fax: 962-6-5811866)

Ninety two vertical electrical Schlumberger soundings were made at the El Lajjun deposit of oil shale, Jordan. These soundings provide information on the distribution of the oil shale deposit and geologic structure of the region. A first, qualitative interpretation of the geoelectrical sounding curves gives a general impression of the geologic setting and the marl bitumen boundaries. However, a more detailed, quantitative interpretation shows the usefulness of the resistivity method in the treatment of problems pertaining to natural resource deposit exploration. Integration geological and borehole data with ves method provided detailed information on the structure and the stratigraphy of the subsurface layers in the El Lajjun deposit of oil shale.

关键词： NRA ves AN oIL SHALE SITE IN EL LAJJUN AREA CENTRAL JoRDAN A ves RESISTIVITY SURVEY EL SITE