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From statistics to grids:A two-level model to simulate crop pattern dynamics

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第6期21卷 1786-1798页

作者： XIA Tian WU Wen-bin ZhOU Qing-bo peter hverburg YANG Peng hU Qiong YE Li-ming ZhU Xiao-juan Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation Hubei Province/College of Urban&Environmental ScienceCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079P.R.China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Institute for Environmental Studies VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam 1085The Netherlands Department of Geology Ghent UniversityGhent 9000Belgium Commercial and Economic Law School China University of Political Science and LawBeijing 100088P.R.China

Crop planting patterns are an important component of agricultural land *** patterns have been significantly changed due to the combined impacts of climatic changes and socioeconomic ***,the extent of these changes and their possible impacts on the environment,terrestrial landscapes and rural livelihoods are largely unknown due to the lack of spatially explicit datasets including crop planting *** fill this gap,this study proposes a new method for spatializing statistical data to generate multitemporal crop planting pattern *** method features a two-level model that combines a land-use simulation and a crop pattern *** output of the first level is the spatial distribution of the cropland,which is then used as the input for the second level,which allocates crop censuses to individual gridded cells according to certain *** method was tested using data from 2000 to 2019 from heilongjiang Province,China,and was validated using remote sensing *** results show that this method has high accuracy for crop area *** crop pattern datasets over a given time period can be important supplementary information for remote sensing and thus support a wide range of application in agricultural land systems.

关键词： crop planting pattern spatialization simulation spatiotemporal change remote sensing

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Facilitating the acceptance of tangibly reduced-crude protein diets for chicken-meat production

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 247-257页

作者： peter V.Chrystal Shiva Greenhalgh peter h.Selle Sonia Yun Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSE2006Australiali Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited pendle Hill2145NSWAustralia

Inclusions of non-bound amino acids particularly methionine,lysine and threonine,together with the"ideal protein"concept have allowed nutritionists to formulate broiler diets with reduced crude protein(CP)and increased nutrient density of notionally"essential"amino acids and energy content in recent decades,however,chicken-meat production has been projected to double between now and 2050,providing incentives to reduce dietary soybean meal inclusions further by tangibly reducing dietary CP and utilising a larger array of non-bound amino *** relatively conservative decreases in dietary CP,in the order of 20 to 30 g/kg,do not negatively impact broiler performance,further decreases in CP typically compromise broiler performance with associated increases in carcass lipid *** in carcass lipid deposition suggest changes occur in dietary energy balance,the mechanisms of which are still not fully understood but discourage the acceptance of diets with reductions in CP,Nevertheless,the groundwork has been laid to investigate both amino acid and non-amino acid limitations and propose facilitative strategies for adoption of tangible dietary CP reductions;consequently,these aspects are considered in detail in this ***,investigations into reduced dietary CP are epitomised by variability broiler performance due to the wide range of dietary specifications used and the many variables that should,or could,be considered in formulation of experimental ***,a holistic approach encompassing many factors influencing limitations to the adoption of tangibly reduced CP diets must be considered if they are to be successful in maintaining broiler performance without increasing carcass lipid deposition.

关键词： Amino acid Dietary energy Digestive dynamic Electrolyte balance Peptide Reduced crude protein

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Reading across Workplace Learning Research to Build Dialogue

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Frontiers of Education in China 2010年第3期5卷 365-381页

作者： peter h.Sawchuk Department of Sociology&Equity Studies in Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of TorontoToronto M5S 1V6Canada

The field of workplace learning scholarship in Western countries is reviewed. First, the emergence of workplace learning scholarship is discussed historically for its relation to the emergence and ongoing development of capitalism beginning from early thought on markets and productivity, 20th century scientific management, industrialism and post-industrialism theses, and finally contemporary conceptual and disciplinary expansion and the conditions of globalization under late capitalism. Following this, six thematic clusters of research are discussed in relation to key scholars, their primary contributions and the ways that each can, potentially, inform those working in other areas of workplace learning scholarship. These thematic clusters include the following: i. cognition, expertise, and the individual;ii. micro-interaction, cognition, and communication;iii. mediated practice and participation;iv. meaning, identity, and organization life;v. authority, conflict, and control;and vi. competitiveness and knowledge management. It is concluded that no single thematic cluster has established predominance, and that there is a strong tendency toward isolation or balkanization of research interests (thematically, nationally, linguistically, etc.) despite a variety of parallel and/or mutually informing interests.

关键词： workplace learning overview historical origins comparative conceptual approaches

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Protein sources and starch-protein digestive dynamics manipulate growth performance in broiler chickens defined by an equilateraltriangle response surface design

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 204-213页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline peter V.Chrystal peter h.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

A total of 360 male,off-sex Ross 308 chicks were offered 10 dietary treatments from 14 to 35 d post ehatch in an equilateral-triangle response surface design feeding study in order to confirm the importance of protein and amino acid digestive dynamics in broiler *** 3 apical diets were nutritionally-equivalent containing either soybean meal,non-bound amino acids or whey protein concentrate as the major source of dietary protein and amino *** blends of the 3 apical diets comprised the balance of 7 diets and each dietary treatment was offered to 6 replicate cages with 6 birds per *** performance,nutrient utilisation,apparent protein and starch digestibility coefficients were determined in 4 small intestinal *** optimal weight gain(2,085 g/bird)and feed conversion ratios(FCR,1.397)were generated by Diet 50S50W which included a 50:50 blend of apical diets rich in whey protein concentrate and soybean *** chickens offered Diet 50S50W also had the highest experimental and predicted jejunal digestibility(0.685 in proximal jejunum and 0.823 in distal jejunum).FCR was not correlated with apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficient(P>0.05)of protein but was correlated with apparent protein digestibility in proximal jejunum(r=-0.369,P=0.040)and distal jejunum(r=-0.316,P=0.015).Surplus dietary starch was correlated with increased fat pad weight(r=0.781,P?0.008).The findings confirmed the relevance of protein digestion rate,reflected by jejunal digestibility,on feed conversion of broiler chickens.A balance between protein-bound and non-bound crystalline or synthetic amino acids may be required for optimal growth and protein digestion.

关键词： Amino acid Digestive dynamics Glucose Protein Starch

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Starch digestion rates in multiple samples of commonly used feed grains in diets for broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 450-459页

作者： peter h.Selle Amy F.Moss Ali Khoddami peter V.Chrystal Sonia Yun Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Sydney Institute of Agriculture Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNSW2145Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

In this study the starch digestion rates in broiler chickens from 18 samples of 5 commonly used feed grains(sorghum,wheat,maize,barley,triticale)were *** methodology to determine starch digestion rates in poultry is detailed *** digestion rates were not significantly different(P-0.128)across the 18 feed grains,which reflects the wide variations that were observed within a given ***,starch digestion rates in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets were significantly more rapid by 56.0%(0.117 versus 0.075 min-1;p=0.012)than their sorghum-based counterparts on the basis of a pair-wise *** descending order,the following starch diges-tion rates were observed:wheat(0.117 min-1),barley(0.104 min-1),triticale(0.093 min-1),maize(0.086 min-1),sorghum(0.075 min-1).The implications of these findings are discussed as they almost certainly have implications for poultry nutrition and the development of reduced crude protein diets for broiler chickens.

关键词： Broiler chicken Digestive dynamics Feed grain Starch

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Mangrove derived fungal endophytes–a chemical and biological perception

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第4期61卷 1-27页

作者： Abdessamad Debbab Amal h.Aly peter Proksch heinrich-heine-Universität Düsseldorf Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und BiotechnologieUniversitätsstr.1Geb.26.2340225 DüsseldorfGermany

The potential of mangrove-derived endophytic fungi as a promising source of diverse and structurally unprecedented bioactive natural products is unquestionable and continues to attract considerable *** review highlights new bioactive mangrove fungal metabolites and known compounds with hitherto unreported biological activities described during the last 10 *** compounds are categorized according to their reported biological activities,including cytotoxic,anti-infective,in addition to a wide range of miscellaneous activities such as protein kinase,αglucosidase,acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities,as well as antiangiogenic and neovascularisation effects,radical scavenging,DNA-binding affinity,and calcium and potassium channel blocking activity.

关键词： Fungi Endophytes Mangroves Bioactive natural products

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Endophytes and associated marine derived fungi—ecological and chemical perspectives

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第6期57卷 45-83页

The potential of endophytes and algal or invertebrate associated marine derived fungi as promising sources of structurally unprecedented bioactive natural products is undeniable and continues to attract broad *** review highlights new bioactive fungal metabolites reported in 2011 until April 2012,as well as known compounds for which novel biological activities have been *** compounds are grouped according to their reported biological activities which include cytotoxic,anti-infective,as well as radical scavenging,enzyme inhibition,anti-fouling and anti-parasitic ***,178 fungal metabolites,including 138 new natural products are ***,new insights into fungal-host interaction,chemical communication,and chemo-ecological roles of fungal metabolites,as well as new strategies for bioprospecting are presented.

关键词： Fungi Endophytes Associated marine fungi Bioactive metabolites Natural products Biosynthetic pathways

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Invariant Measures for Nonlinear Conservation Laws Driven by Stochastic Forcing

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第6期40卷 967-1004页

作者： Gui-Qiang G.ChEN peter h.C.PANG Mathematical Institute University of Oxford

Some recent developments in the analysis of long-time behaviors of stochastic solutions of nonlinear conservation laws driven by stochastic forcing are *** existence and uniqueness of invariant measures are established for anisotropic degenerate parabolic-hyperbolic conservation laws of second-order driven by white *** further developments,problems,and challenges in this direction are also discussed.

关键词： Stochastic solutions Entropy solutions Invariant measures Existence Uniqueness Stochastic forcing Anisotropic degenerate Parabolichyperbolic equations Long-time behavior

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Effect of longwall-induced subsurface deformations on shale gas well casing stability under deep covers

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第1期29卷 3-8页

作者： Daniel W.h.Su peter Zhang Mark Van Dyke Todd Minoski Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)Pittsburgh Mining Research Division(PMRD)

This paper presents the results of a 2017 study conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and health(NIOSh), Pittsburgh Mining Research Division(PMRD), to evaluate the effects of longwall-induced subsurface deformations within a longwall abutment pillar under deep cover. The 2017 study was conducted in a southwestern Pennsylvania coal mine, which extracts 457 m-wide longwall panels under 361 m of cover. One 198 m-deep, in-place inclinometer monitoring well was drilled and installed over a 45 m by 84 m center abutment pillar. In addition to the monitoring well, surface subsidence measurements and underground coal pillar pressure measurements were conducted as the 457 m-wide longwall panel on the south side of the abutment pillar was being mined. Prior to the first longwall excavation, a number of simulations using FLAC3D^(TM) were conducted to estimate surface subsidence, increases in underground coal pillar pressure, and subsurface horizontal displacements in the monitoring well. Comparisons of the pre-mining FLAC3D simulation results and the surface, subsurface,and underground instrumentation results show that the measured in-place inclinometer casing deformations are in reasonable agreement with those predicted by the 3D finite difference models. The measured surface subsidence and pillar pressure are in excellent agreement with those predicted by the 3D *** from this 2017 research clearly indicate that, under deep cover, the measured horizontal displacements within the abutment pillar are approximately one order of magnitude smaller than those measured in a 2014 study under medium cover.

关键词： Longwall Deformations Shale gas wells Casing Safety and health

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The influence of phytase, pre-pellet cracked maize and dietary crude protein level on broiler performance via response surface methodology

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 169-182页

作者： Amy F.Moss peter V.Chrystal Yueming Dersjant-Li peter h.Selle Sonia Yun Liu Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney 425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNSWAustralia Danisco Animal Nutrition DuPont Industrial BiosciencesMarlboroughUK.

Background:The reduction of crude protein levels in diets for broiler chickens may generate economic,environmental and flock welfare and health benefits;however,performance is usually *** grain feeding and phytase may improve the utilization of reduced crude protein ***:The effects of pre-pellet cracked maize(0,15%and 30%)and phytase(0,750 and 1500 FTU/kg)in isoenergetic maize-soy diets with three levels of crude protein(22%,19.5%and 17%)were evaluated via a BoxBehnken response surface *** of 13 dietary treatments were offered to 6 replicate cages(6 birds/cage)of male Ross 308 broiler chicks from 7 to 28 d *** prediction and response surface plots were generated from experimental data via polynomial regression in R and only significant coefficients were included and discussed in the predicted *** gain,feed intake and FCR were all influenced by pre-pellet cracked maize,phytase and crude protein level,where crude protein level had the greatest ***,the reduction from 22%to 17%dietary crude protein in non-supplemented diets reduced weight gain,feed intake,relative gizzard weight,relative gizzard content and relative pancreas weight but improved ***,the inclusion of 30%cracked maize to 17%crude protein diets restored gizzard weight and 1500 FTU phytase inclusion to 17%crude protein diets increased relative gizzard contents and pancreas *** maize and phytase inclusion in tandem to 17%crude protein diets increased weight gain,feed intake and FCR;however,this FCR was still more efficient than broilers offered the non-supplemented 22%crude protein *** offered the prepellet cracked maize and phytase inclusions reduced AME in 22%crude protein diets but improved AME by 2.92 MJ(14.16 versus 11.24 MJ;Ph 17%crude protein than those offered the 22%crude protein diet;irrespec

关键词： Crude protein Maize Phytase Pre-pellet whole grain Response surface

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