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The effect of BMI and age on the outcomes of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy: a retrospective analysis of 181 patients operated by a single surgeon

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第2期25卷 277-280页

作者： Shou-Yang Wang Yang-Yi Fang Hai-Tao Zhang Yu Tian vera Yeung Chung Yin-Chu Cheng Kai Hong Hui Jiang Department of Urology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Urology Gleneagles Hospital Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China

To design a treatment plan for patients with epididymal obstruction,we explored the potential impact of factors such as body mass index(BMI)and age on the surgical outcomes of vasoepididymostomy(VE).In this retrospective study,181 patients diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia(OA)due to epididymal obstruction between September 2014 and September 2017 were *** patients underwent single-armed microsurgical intussusception VEs with longitudinal two-suture placement performed by a single surgeon(KH)in a single hospital(Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing,China).Six factors that could possibly influence the patency rates were analyzed,including BMI,age,mode of anastomosis,site of anastomosis,and sperm motility and quantity in the intraoperative epididymal ***-factor outcome analysis was performed via Chi-square test and multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression.A total of 159(87.8%,159/181)patients were followed *** follow-up time(mean±standard deviation[s.d.])was 27.7±9.3 months,ranging from 12 months to 48 *** overall patency rate was 73.0%(116/159).The multivariable analysis revealed that BMI and age significantly influenced the patency rate(P=0.008 and 0.028,respectively).Younger age(≤28 years;odds ratio[OR]=3.531,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.397–8.924)and lower BMI score(<26.0 kg m−2;OR=2.352,95%CI:1.095–5.054)appeared to be associated with a higher patency *** and age were independent factors affecting the outcomes of microsurgical VEs depending on surgical expertise and the use of advanced technology.

关键词： epididymal obstruction obstructive azoospermia patency rate vasoepididymostomy

Fighting type 2 diabetes: Formulation strategies for peptide-based therapeutics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第2期12卷 621-636页

作者： Carlos Bendicho-Lavilla Iria Seoane-Viano Francisco J.OteroEspinar Asteria Luzardo-alvarez Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Santiago de Compostela(USC)Santiago de Compostela 15782Spain Paraquasil Group Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela(IDIS)Santiago de Compostela 15706Spain Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologySchool of SciencesCampus de LugoUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaLugo 27002Spain

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with increasing prevalence at a global *** discovery of insulin in the early 1900 s represented a major breakthrough in diabetes management,with further milestones being subsequently achieved with the identification of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and the introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)in clinical ***,the subcutaneous delivery of biotherapeutics is a well-established route of administration generally preferred over the intravenous route due to better patient compliance and prolonged drug ***,current subcutaneous formulations of GLP-1 RAs present pharmacokinetic problems that lead to adverse reactions and treatment *** this review,we discuss the current challenges of subcutaneous administration of peptide-based therapeutics and provide an overview of the formulations available for the different routes of administration with improved bioavailability and reduced frequency of administration.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Exenatide Subcutaneous administration Amylin mimetics Drug delivery systems Biotherapeutics Peptide delivery Controlled-release formulations Microparticles Nanoparticles

Sap flow rates of Minquartia guianensis in central Amazonia during the prolonged dry season of 2015–2016

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2067-2076页

作者： Saul A.Antezana-vera Ricardo A.Marenco Botany Graduate Program Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPAAvenida AndréAraújo2936ManausAM 69067-375Brazil Tree Ecophysiology LaboratoryInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPAAvenida AndréAraújo2936ManausAM 69067-375Brazil

Minquartia guianensis *** a slow-growing species with several *** the juvenile state,it is well-adapted to low light conditions of the forest ***,it is still unknown how climate variability affects transpiration of this species,particularly under drought *** this study,we aimed to assess the effect of climatic variability on sap flow rates(SFR).SFR and radial growth were measured in six trees(14-50 cm diameter)in 2015 and ***(precipitation,irradiance,relative humidity and temperature)and soil water content(SWC)data were also *** tended to increase in the dry season,with a negative relationship between SFR and SWC and precipitation(p<0.001),while there was a positive association between radial growth and monthly precipitation(p=0.004).Irradiance and temperature were the environmental factors more closely correlated with SFR during daytime(p<0.001),whereas relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit were the most important factors at night(p<0.001).Although negative SFR were sometimes recorded at night,the mean nocturnal sap flow was positive and across trees the nighttime sap flow accounted for 12.5%of the total daily sap *** transpiration during the dry season suggests that the root system of Minquartia was able to extract water from deep soil *** results widen our understanding of the ecophysiology of Amazonian trees under drought and provide further insight into the potential effect of the forecasted decline in precipitation in the Amazon region.

关键词： Reverse sap flow Soil water content Transpiration Tree growth

Proteomic analysis of F_(1)hybrids and intermediate variants in a Littorina saxatilis hybrid zone

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 351-359页

作者： Angel P.DIZ Mónica R.ROMERO Juan GALINDO María SAURA David O.F.SKIBINSKI Emilio ROLÁN-alvarez Centro de Investigación Mariña(CIM-UVIGO) Universidade de VigoVigo 36310Spain Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal INIAMadrid 28040Spain Institute of Life Science Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea SA28PPUK

Proteomic analysis was carried out on the Crab(upper-shore)and Wave(lower-shore)ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis from a hybrid zone at Silleiro Cape,*** profiles of individual snails were *** expression in F_(1)hybrid snails bred in the laboratory and snails with intermediate shell phenotypes collected from the mid-shore were compared with Crab and Wave ecotypes using analytical approaches used to study *** analysis over many protein spots showed that the F_(1)snails are distinct from both ecotypes but closer to the Wave *** intermediate snails are highly variable,some closer to the Crab and others to the Wave *** on a protein by protein basis,some proteins are significantly closer in expression to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype for both F_(1)and intermediate ***,a significant majority of proteins were closer in expression to the Wave ecotype for the F_(1),consistent with the multivariate *** such significant majority toward either the Crab or Wave ecotype was observed for the intermediate *** closer similarity of F_(1)and Wave ecotype expression patterns could be the result of similar selective pressures in the similar mid-shore and low-shore *** a significantly larger number of proteins,intermediate snails were closer in expression to the ecotype having the lower expression,for both Crab and Wave *** is somewhat unexpected as lower expression might be expected to be an indication of impairment of function and lower *** analysis could be important for the identification of candidate proteins useful for gaining improved understanding of adaptation and barriers to gene flow in hybrid zones.

关键词： F_(1)hybrids gene expression marine invertebrates molecular phenotype reproductive isolation speciation

Analyzing the energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of Canadian oil sands crude upgrading through process modeling and simulation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014年第2期8卷 212-218页

作者： Anton alvarez-MAJMUTOV Jinwen CHEN Natural Resources Canada CanmetENERGY One Oil Patch Drive Devon AB T9G 1A8 Canada

This paper presents an evaluation of the energy intensity and related greenhouse gas/CO2 emissions of integrated oil sands crude upgrading processes. Two major oil sands crude upgrading schemes currently used in Canadian oil sands operations were investigated： cokingbased and hydroconversion-based. The analysis, which was based on a robust process model of the entire process, was constructed in Aspen HYSYS and calibrated with representative data. Simulations were conducted for the two upgrading schemes in order to generate a detailed inventory of the required energy and utility inputs： process fuel, steam, hydrogen and power. It was concluded that while hydroconversion-based scheme yields considerably higher amount of synthetic crude oil （SCO） than the cokerbased scheme （94 wt-% vs. 76 wt-%）, it consumes more energy and is therefore more CO2-intensive （413.2kg CO2/m3sco vs. 216.4kg CO2/m^3sco）. This substantial difference results from the large amount of hydrogen consumed in the ebullated-bed hydroconverter in the hydroconversion-based scheme, as hydrogen production through conventional methane steam reforming is highly energy-intensive and therefore the major source of CO2 emission. Further simulations indicated that optimization of hydroconverter operating variables had only a minor effect on the overall CO2 emission due to the complex trade-off effect between energy inputs.

关键词： Oil sands crude upgrading hydroconversion,process modeling greenhouse gas emissions

The variability of juvenile dispersal in an opportunistic raptor

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 244-254页

作者： Jorge Garcia-Macia Gabriel Lopez-Poveda Javier De La Puente Ana Bermejo-Bermejo Manuel Galan Ernesto alvarez Sara Morollon Vicente Urios Vertebrates Zoology Research Group University of AlicanteApdo.99E-03080 AlicanteSpain SEO/BirdLife Bird Monitoring UnitC/Melquiades Biencinto34E-28053MadridSpain GREFA C/MontedelPilarS/NE-28220 MajadahondaMadridSpain

The juvenile dispersal of raptors is a crucial stage that stretches from parental independence to the establishment of the first breeding *** 2012 and 2020,44 juvenile red kites Milvus milvus from the Spanish breeding population were tagged using GPS telemetry to study their *** left the parental breeding area at the end of their first summer and performed wandering movements throughout the Iberian Peninsula,returning to the parental breeding area the following year,repeating the same pattern until they settled in their first breeding *** analyzed the mean distance from the nest,the maximum reached distances,and the traveled distances(daily and hourly)during the first 2 years of dispersal and compared *** the high individual variability,variables describing the dispersal movements of juveniles showed a decreasing trend during the second dispersal year:80% of individuals reached a shorter maximum distance in the second year,70% decreased their mean distance to the nest,65% decreased their hourly traveled distances,and 50% decreased their daily traveled *** the other hand,the red kites usually combined wandering movements with the establishment of temporary settlement areas(TSA).The average duration of settlement in the TSAs was 75±40 days(up to 182 days)and was located at 182±168 km from the *** those areas,juveniles used 781.0±1895.0 km^(2)(KDE 95%).Some of the TSAs were used by several individuals,which suggests that these areas might be good targets for conservation in future management plans.

关键词： GPS telemetry landfills movement ecology natal dispersal red kite spatial ecology

Predicting coastal morphological changes with empirical orthogonal function method

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Water Science and Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 14-20页

作者： fernando alvarez shun-qi pan Hydro-environmental Research Centre School of Engineering Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA UK

In order to improve the accuracy of prediction when using the empirical orthogonal function （EOF） method, this paper describes a novel approach for two-dimensional （2D） EOF analysis based on extrapolating both the spatial and temporal EOF components for long-term prediction of coastal morphological changes. The approach was investigated with data obtained from a process-based numerical model, COAST2D, which was applied to an idealized study site with a group of shore-parallel breakwaters. The progressive behavior of the spatial and temporal EOF components, related to bathymetric changes over a training period, was demonstrated, and EOF components were extrapolated with combined linear and exponential functions for long-term prediction. The extrapolated EOF components were then used to reconstruct bathymetric changes. The comparison of the reconstructed bathymetric changes with the modeled results from the COAST2D model illustrates that the presented approach can be effective for long-term prediction of coastal morphological changes, and extrapolating both the spatial and temporal EOF components yields better results than extrapolating only the temporal EOF component.

关键词： EOF method Coastal morphological change Long-term prediction Process-based numerical model Shore-parallel breakwater

Pre-emergence herbicides affect seedling emergence of tropical forest tree species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第4期28卷 733-739页

作者： Diego Cerveira de Souza vera Lex Engel Forest Science Department Agronomic Sciences College-FCASao Paulo State University – UNESPP.O. Box 237BotucatuSP 18603-970Brazil

Testing techniques to reduce weed infestation is a crucial step in developing direct tree seeding systems. The use of pre-emergence herbicides may be an alternative to manual weeding techniques, but so far, information on how they affect the seeds of native tree species is scarce. We established a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the effects of four pre-emergence herbicides (atrazine, diuron, isoxaflutole and oxyfluorfen) on weed suppression and seedling emergence and early growth of seven tropical forest tree species (Annona coriacea Mart., Citharexylum myrianthum Cham., Cordia ecalyculata Vell., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Psidium guajava L., Pterogyne nitens Tul. and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of a single dose of each pre-emergence herbicide and a control. Throughout the 60 days after sowing we evaluated weed cover and seedling emergence and early growth of tree species. Overall, our results suggest that all tested herbicides reduced weed cover; however, they also negatively affected tree species seedling emergence. Of the four herbicides tested, atrazine and diuron showed the greatest effects on tree seedling emergence, oxyfluorfen was least aggressive towards native species and isoxaflutole was most effective in weed control. Native tree species varied in their responses to herbicides, indicating that future experiments should increase the number of species tested as well as investigate how seed traits can affect the species responses to different herbicides.

关键词： Pre-emergence herbicides Weed control Direct seeding Seedling emergence Tropical seasonal forests

Cellular automata model for traffic flow with safe driving conditions

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第5期23卷 216-226页

作者： María Elena Lárraga Luis alvarez-Icaza Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México04510Coyoacán D.F.México

In this paper, a recently introduced cellular automata （CA） model is used for a statistical analysis of the inner micro-scopic structure of synchronized traffic flow. The analysis focuses on the formation and dissolution of clusters or platoons of vehicles, as the mechanism that causes the presence of this synchronized traffic state with a high flow. This platoon formation is one of the most interesting phenomena observed in traffic flows and plays an important role both in manual and automated highway systems （AHS）. Simulation results, obtained from a single-lane system under periodic boundary conditions indicate that in the density region where the synchronized state is observed, most vehicles travel together in pla- toons with approximately the same speed and small spatial distances. The examination of velocity variations and individual vehicle gaps shows that the flow corresponding to the synchronized state is stable, safe and highly correlated. Moreover, results indicate that the observed platoon formation in real traffic is reproduced in simulations by the relation between vehicle headway and velocity that is embedded in the dynamics definition of the CA model.

关键词： traffic flow models synchronized traffic cellular automata platoons formation