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Estimation of total water storage changes in India

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1294-1315页

作者： Arun Mondal Venkataraman Lakshmi School of Earth Ocean and the Environment University of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA Department of Engineering Systems and Environment University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA

Long-term droughts significantly impact surface and groundwater resources in India,however,observed changes in major river basins have not been well explored.Here we use Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)at three different time scales(24,48,and 60 months)to identify long-term droughts in India for the observed record of 1951-2015.Drought characteristics(extent,events,frequency,and intensity)are analyzed for different river basins in India.Increasing trend in the areal extent of droughts is observed in two methods with three time scales in the maximum area(63.66%)in India.We use the data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)to estimate the changes in the terrestrial water storage(TWS)during the period 2002-2015.We identify that major long-term droughts in India occurred from 1966 to 1969,1972,1986-1987,and 2002-2004.The all-India average TWS shows a negative trend from 2002 to 2015 with prominent decline in north Indian river basins and positive trend in south Indian river basins.SPI and SPEI at longer time scales are positively associated with TWS indicating the adverse impacts of droughts on surface and groundwater resources in such a populated region.

关键词： Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI) the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)

A Simple Method for Direct Detection and Discrimination of <i>A. baumannii</i>in Tracheal Aspirates without Culture Isolation

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第2期10卷 148-159页

作者： Cheguri H. Swathi Sudhaharan Sukanya Vemu lakshmi Kamaraju Saipriya venkataraman Sritharan Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Biomarkers Global Medical Education & Research Foundation (GMERF) Hyderabad India Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS) Hyderabad India Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Center Hyderabad India Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Biomarkers Gleneagles Global Hospital Hyderabad India

Currently, available phenotyping and commercial methods report A. baumannii only as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (ACB) and do not identify individual members of the complex. This is a single blind study aimed to evaluate certain commonly used species-specific genetic markers namely, Intergenic Transcribed Spacer region in 16S rRNA of A. baumannii (Ab-ITS) and gyrB, for identification of ACB members. These molecular targets were first validated on clinical isolates (n = 200) and subsequently on uncultured tracheal aspirates (n = 172). Among the clinical isolates, 183/200 (91.5%) were positive for Ab-ITS. The clinical isolates 17 (17/200) which are failed to amplify in Ab-ITS PCR were subsequently diagnosed by gyrB PCR as A. calcoaceticus (n = 2), A. pitti (n = 6) and A. nosocomialis (n = 9) but not A. baumannii. Among the tracheal aspirates, 62 samples were reported as sterile in Advanced Expert System of VITEK-2, among the remaining 110 samples, 68.1% (75/110) samples contained Ab-ITS target. Twenty-five of the sterile samples (25/62) were found to contain Ab-ITS target sequence. Since, our sample processing method enabled identification of all the species of ACB complex by PCR even in uncultured tracheal aspirates, adaptation of our protocol would enable same day (6 - 8 h) reporting and help the clinician make evidence based therapeutic decision quickly.

关键词： Acinetobacter baumannii ACB Complex Ab-ITS gyrB PCR Tracheal Aspirates

3D E-CRUSE:Energy-based throughput analysis of three dimensional underwater network using RF communication

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第2期7卷 155-162页

作者： Pavan Ganesh PSS Hrishikesh venkataraman Next Generation Communication Group Indian Institute of Information Technology Sri City(IIITS)AP517646India

Monitoring the ocean shore continuously in real-time is essential for important applications like port security,coastal surveillance,assistance in navigation etc.This needs a high data rate for the transmis-sion of data from underwater nodes to the surface.Acoustic communication is the traditional approach for underwater networks and offers long-range communication.However,the achievable data rate using acoustic communication is in the order of kbps only.Radio frequency(RF)based communication per-forms better than acoustic communication and provides a data rate of up to 100 Mbps in an underwater environment.Nonetheless,due to high propagation loss,the communication range using RF is limited to a few meters.More importantly,the underwater nodes are battery-operated and recharging the bat-tery is difficult.Therefore,it is imperative that underwater RF networks are analyzed using an accurate energy model for its deployment and management.This requires that the underwater network is prop-erly modeled.In this work,a cluster-based three-dimensional(3D)architecture for underwater networks using RF communication is proposed.Importantly,the energy-based throughput of the 3D architecture using multi-hop communication,3D E-CRUSE,is obtained using a mathematical model.The throughput is then observed for various water environments,various parameters and the results are compared to the existing two-dimensional architecture.It is observed that the throughput of the proposed 3D architecture is up to 3 times more than the 2D architecture.

关键词： Cluster Energy model Multi-hop Throughput Radio frequency Underwater

Simultaneous Determination of Cadmium and Lead Using PEDOT/PSS Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2011年第4期2卷 470-474页

作者： Sukeri Anandhakumar Jayaraman Mathiyarasu Kanala lakshmi Narasimha Phani venkataraman Yegnaraman Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division Central Electrochemical Research Institute

In this work, we report the simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead using glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV). The modification allows metal detection without involving oxygen removal, mechanical stirring and introduction of alloying additions such as Hg, Bi, Sb, etc. during the pre-concentration step. Introduction of poly (4-styrenesulphonate) (PSS) as dopant in the PEDOT matrix improves reproducibility, stability and sensitivity in the detection. Both cadmium and lead peaks were readily quantifiable over the linear range of 2 - 10 ?g/ml and the detection limit being 1.47 ?g/ml and 1.15 ?g/ml respectively. The calibration plot shows a linear response with correlation coefficient of 0.9911 and 0.9944 for cadmium and lead respectively. Thus, the GC/PEDOT/PSS modified electrode suggested as a suitable matrix for rapid monitoring of these heavy metals at trace levels.

关键词： Stripping Voltammetry Cadmium Lead Conducting Polymer PEDOT-PSS Heavy Metals

Clinical relevance of endoscopic assessment of inflammation in ulcerative colitis: Can endoscopic evaluation predict outcomes?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第42期22卷 9324-9332页

作者： Noor Mohammed venkataraman Subramanian Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences St James University Hospital University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Centre for Digestive Diseases St James University Hospital Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition characterised by a relapsing and remitting course. Symptom control has been the traditional mainstay of medical treatment. It is well known that histological inflammatory activity persists despite adequate symptom control and absence of endoscopic inflammation. Current evidence suggests that presence of histological inflammation poses a greater risk of disease relapse and subsequent colorectal cancer risk. New endoscopic technologies hold promise for developing endoscopic markers of mucosal inflammation. Achieving endoscopic and histological remission appears be the future aim of medical treatments for UC. This review article aims to evaluate the use of endoscopy as a tool in assessment of mucosal inflammation UC and its correlation with disease outcomes.

关键词： Ulcerative 大肠炎发炎内视镜检查法疾病活动索引 Mucosal 愈合

Parameter identification through mode isolation for reaction-diffusion systems on arbitrary geometries

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第4期11卷 149-178页

作者： Laura Murphy Chandrasekhar venkataraman Anotida Madzvamuse School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Sussex Department of Mathematics Brighton BNI 9QH UK School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews UK School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Sussex Department of Mathematics Brighton BN1 9QH UK

We present a computational framework for isolating spatial patterns arising in the steady states of reaction diffusion systems. Such systems have been used to model many natural phenomena in areas such as developmental and cancer biology, cell motility and material science. In many of these applications, often one is interested in identifying parameters which will lead to a particular pattern for a given reaction diffusion model. To attempt to answer this, we compute eigenpairs of the Laplacian on a variety of domains and use linear stability analysis to determine parameter values for the system that will lead to spatially inhomogeneous steady states whose patterns correspond to particular eigenfunctions. This method has previously been used on domains and surfaces where the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are found analytically in closed form. Our contribution to this methodology is that we numerically compute eigenpairs on arbitrary domains and surfaces. Here we present examples and demonstrate that mode isolation is straightforward especially for low eigenvalues. Additionally, we show that in some cases the inhomogeneous steady state can be a linear combination of eigenfunctions. Finally, we show an example suggesting that pattern formation is robust on similar surfaces in cases that the surface either has or does not have a boundary.

关键词：系统参数鉴定反应线性稳定性分析几何学计算框架拉普拉斯算符空间模式

Does aspirin or non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use prevent colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第13期22卷 3679-3686页

作者： Nick E Burr Mark A Hull venkataraman Subramanian Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences St James' s University Hospital University of Leeds

AIM: To determine whether aspirin or non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NA-NSAIDs) prevent colorectal cancer(CRC) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched for articles reporting the risk of CRC in patients with IBD related to aspirin or NANSAID use. Pooled odds ratios(OR) and 95%CIs were determined using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plots and Egger's test. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and the I2 statistic.RESULTS: Eight studies involving 14917 patients and 3 studies involving 1282 patients provided data on the risk of CRC in patients with IBD taking NA-NSAIDs and aspirin respectively. The pooled OR of developing CRC after exposure to NA-NSAIDs in patients with IBD was 0.80(95%CI: 0.39-1.21) and after exposure to aspirin it was 0.66(95%CI: 0.06-1.39). There was significant heterogeneity(I2 > 50%) between the studies. There was no change in the effect estimates on subgroup a na ly s e s o f t he po pulat io n s t udie d o r w he t he r adjustment or matching was performed.CONCLUSION: There is a lack of high quality evidence on this important clinical topic. From the available evidence NA-NSAID or aspirin use does not appear to be chemopreventative for CRC in patients with IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Aspirin Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Colorectal cancer Chemoprevention

Clinical trial:Lactobacillus plantarum 299v(DSM 9843)improves symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第30期18卷 4012-4018页

作者： Philippe Ducrotté Prabha Sawant venkataraman Jayanthi Department of Gastroenterology(Inserm UMR-1073) Rouen University Hospital and Rouen University76031 Rouen CedexFrance Department of Gastroenterology Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General HospitalMumbai 400022India Department of Gastroenterology Gov Stanley HospitalChennai 600108India

AIM:To assess the symptomatic efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v(L.plantarum 299v)(DSM 9843) for the relief of abdominal symptoms in a large subset of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) patients fulfilling the Rome Ⅲ criteria.METHODS:In this double blind,placebo-controlled,parallel-designed study,subjects were randomized to daily receive either one capsule of L.plantarum 299v(DSM 9843) or placebo for 4 wk.Frequency and intensity of abdominal pain,bloating and feeling of incomplete rectal emptying were assessed weekly on a visual analogue scale while stool frequency was calculated.RESULTS:Two hundred and fourteen IBS patients were recruited.After 4 wk,both pain severity(0.68 + 0.53 vs 0.92 + 0.57,P < 0.05) and daily frequency(1.01 + 0.77 vs 1.71 + 0.93,P < 0.05) were lower with L.plantarum 299v(DSM 9843) than with placebo.Similar results were obtained for bloating.At week 4,78.1 % of the patients scored the L.plantarum 299v(DSM 9843) symptomatic effect as excellent or good vs only 8.1 % for placebo(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:A 4-wk treatment with L.plantarum 299v(DSM 9843) provided effective symptom relief,particularly of abdominal pain and bloating,in IBS patients fulfilling the Rome Ⅲ criteria.

关键词：植物乳杆菌症状缓解 DSM 综合征临床试验直肠 IBS 平行设计

Robotic, self-propelled, self-steerable, and disposable colonoscopes: Reality or pipe dream? A state of the art review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第35期28卷 5093-5110页

作者： Conchubhair Winters venkataraman Subramanian Pietro Valdastri Leeds Institute of Medical Research University of LeedsSt.James’s University HospitalLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUnited Kingdom

Robotic colonoscopes could potentially provide a comfortable, less painful andsafer alternative to standard colonoscopy. Recent exciting developments in thisfield are pushing the boundaries to what is possible in the future. This articleprovides a comprehensive review of the current work in robotic colonoscopesincluding self-propelled, steerable and disposable endoscopes that could bealternatives to standard colonoscopy. We discuss the advantages and disadvantagesof these systems currently in development and highlight the technicalreadiness of each system to help the reader understand where and when suchsystems may be available for routine clinical use and get an idea of where and inwhich situation they can best be deployed.

关键词： Robot-enhanced procedures Colonoscopy Endoscopy Capsule endoscopy Colorectal cancer Colonic polyp