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Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens in YaoundéCapital City of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第4期12卷 156-167页

作者： Cecile Ingrid Djuikoue Charlène Nkouankou Tomi Cedric Seugnou nana Müller Fotsac Moffo Frédéric Willy Yamdeu Djonkouh Andrea Tchouotou Didi Cedric Ngalani Toutcho Abel Wade venant tchokonte-nana Higher Institute of Health Sciences Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Department of Pharmacy Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences University of Ngaoudéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon National Veterinary Laboratory Ministry of Livestock Fisheries and Animal Industries Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Escherichia coli are ubiquitous bacteria colonising both humans and animals. Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli has been selected as a suitable indicator for the monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. Death due to resistant bacteria is continuously rising in Cameroon, but the contribution of the aviary sector is not well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the resistance profile of extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli strains, isolated from faeces of broiler chickens in Yaoundé, capital city of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from February to June 2020. Escherichia coli were isolated from samples of broilers in poultry farms in Yaoundé and submitted to the extended spectrum β-lactamase screening. The logistic regression was used to assess the statistical association of a significance threshold p-value of 0.05. Results: Out of 385 faecal samples collected in broiler farms, 114 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained out of which 30 (26.32%) were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-producing Escherichia coli. These isolates revealed high resistance to all antibiotic families. Poor storage conditions for feeds and the proximity to latrines, the troughs on the ground, the lack of foot bath and uniforms, the inadequate treatment of faeces, the poor usage of preventive antibiotics and the lack of water treatment have been identified as risk factors to faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. Conclusion: This work reveals the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in poultry farms in Yaoundé and the failure in the biosecurity system. As such, the awareness of poultry breeders on the respect of biosecurity measures may be an effective tool to tackle antimicrobial resistance, specifically in livestock industries using a One Health approach.

关键词： Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Escherichia coli Antibiotic Resistance Broiler Chicken Yaoundé Cameroon

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Feasibility of iFISH patterns in hematologic malignancies among Congolese patients at Kinshasa University clinics

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第12期7卷 1116-1119页

作者： Mireille Solange Nganga Nkanga Benjamin Longo-Mbenza Peter Vandenberghe Fons Verdonck venant tchokonte-nana Nkama Claude Nlandu Roth Laure Mapapa Miakassissa Paul Roger Beia Kazadi Antoine Lufimbo Katawandja Jacques Bikaula Ngwidiwo Ntolo Jean-Pierre Mufuta Kuanda Thomas Solo Mbombo Aurore Cecilia Orphée Beia Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa University President Kasa Vubu UZ Gasthuisberg/KU Leuven Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Pediatric Services University Hospital of Brazzaville OVD Hospital Center Ngaliema Clinic Regional Center of Nuclear Studies of Kinshasa University of Kinshasa

Objective: To analyze the feasibility of detecting Ph1 in leukemia patients in the Kinshasa University Clinics in the Democratic Republic of Congo, at KU Leuven, ***: Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples with chronic myeloid leukemia,acute myeloid leukemia or acute leukocytes leukemia were obtained from 32 patients in Kinshasa University clinics in the Democratic Republic of Congo and transferred to KU Leuven in Belgium for i FISH feasibility. Ph^1 was detected by using a remote analysis of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization(i FISH).Results: Out of the 32 patients involved in this study, 65.6%(n = 21) of the cases were successfully tested, of which 52.4%(n = 11) were i FISH positives for the variant t(9;22)(presence of Ph^1) in chronic myeloid leukemia samples and 47.6%(n = 10) negatives in all subtypes of hematological malignancies. However, there was a female predominance in chronic myeloid leukemia samples Ph^1-positives by i FISH, whereas no sexual influence was observed on acute subtypes of ***: i FISH analysis is feasible on samples obtained from remote sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, the optimization of the sample storage is necessary to further improve i FISH's performance.

关键词： iFISH Ph^1 Democratic Republic of Congo Leukemia Bone marrow Blood

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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs and Pig Breeders in Three Regions of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第4期12卷 129-140页

作者： Cecile Ingrid Djuikoue Dorine Ekeu Ngatcheu Olivier Pomte Melissa Julie Gonfouli Euphrasie Tsono Kemegne Charnelle Kemo Mouafo Andrea Sheisley Tchouotou I Didi Vynnie Manuella Nyatchoutou Cedric Seugnou nana Ruffin Apalata venant Tckokonte-nana Faculty of Health Sciences University des Montagnes Bangangte Cameroon Foundation Prevention and Control Bangangte Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon National Health Laboratory Services Walter Sisulu University Mthatha South Africa

The spread of antibiotic resistance, whether in the community or in the hospital, has recently become a major public health problem. Moreover, livestock seems to be a reservoir of resistant microorganisms such as porcine methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (P-MRSA) whose carriage and transmission was mainly demonstrated in persons with occupational exposure to pigs. Much uncertainty remains about the public health implications of P-MRSA. To address concerns that exist regarding the zoonotic risk that pig carriers pose to breeders, the prevalence of P-MRSA in pigs and pig breeders was determined among 152 pig breeders in three regions of Cameroon. Materials and Method: Participants in this study came from Adamawa, Far North and Littoral regions of Cameroon. A total of 152 pig breeders or farm workers participated in this study. After having collected some social and cultural data with the aid of a questionnaire, nasal swabs were collected from pigs (n = 275) and their breeders using the standard collection procedures and placed in cooler containing cold accumulators. For each sample, microbiological assays were done as well as antibiotic susceptibility tests. Results: MRSA was isolated from 25 out of 275 pigs sampled (9.09%) and from 32 out of 152 (21.05%) pig breeders sampled;33 breeders (21.71%) were carriers of S. aureus including 32 MRSA and one MSSA. The prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was 21.05% ± 6.48. A significant negative association between body protection and nasal carriage of MRSA (OR = 0.29, 95% CI [0.093;0.93];p = 0.04) was observed. In each region, similar strains of MRSA were isolated both in pigs and their breeders with the same antibiotic resistant profile. Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA though not high compared to European countries warrants further research as data on this zoonosis is scarce in our context. As such, transmission of MRSA from pigs to pig breeders or vice-versa constitutes a real danger, and this relationship may be a

关键词： Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Pig Breeders Pigs Cameroon

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Investigation into the Effect of Extended Laundering on the KES-F Mechanical Properties of an Easy Care Treated Cotton Fabric

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Journal of Textile Science and Technology 2016年第2期2卷 22-30页

作者： Liberato venant Haule College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

The effect of extended laundering on cotton fabric treated with Dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) easy care finish was investigated and the fabric characterised by crease recovery performance and the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F). The KES-F results indicated that the mechanical handle properties of the DMDHEU treated cotton fabrics were affected by both the levels of application of the DMDHEU easy care finishes and the stress relaxation of the fabrics in aqueous conditions.

关键词： DMDHEU Extended Laundering KES-F Cotton Fabrics Easy Care

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Iodine Sorption Value and Surface Chemical Analysis of Regenerated Cellulosic Fibres

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Journal of Textile Science and Technology 2016年第2期2卷 37-45页

作者： Liberato venant Haule College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

The surface chemical analysis and bulk analysis were conducted for fibres regenerated from waste garments and treated with iodine solution. The aim was to assess the fibre accessibility by the iodine solution and ascertain the location of the reagent within the fibres. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the fibres regenerated from indigo dyed waste denim garments (ReCell-Denim) had a relatively high accessibility by the iodine solution compared to the standard lyocell, ReCell-1 and ReCell-2 fibres. With the exception of ReCell-Denim, the standard lyocell, ReCell-1 and ReCell-2 fibre’s iodine sorption values correlated well with the percentage crystallinity. The high accessibility of the ReCell-Denim fibres was attributed to the presence of the positively charged nitrogen from the indigo dyes that improved the substantivity of the fibres to the iodine solution. The iodine sorption of the fibres is relatively higher in the bulk compared to the fibre surface.

关键词： Iodine Sorption Value XPS Bulk Analysis Cellulose Waste Garments

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Particle Size Effects on Antioxydant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Essential Oil from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaves against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第8期13卷 253-272页

作者： venant Donald Noumi Markusse Deli Richard Marcel Nguimbou Elie Baudelaire Sandrine Rup-Jacques Dicko Amadou Selestin Sokeng Nicolas Yanou Njintang Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon AGRITECH Nancy France Université de Lorraine ICPM Metz Cedex France Université de Lorraine UR-AFPA Metz Cedex France

Particle size fractionation by sieving is used to optimize antioxydant potential of natural substances. The aim of the present study was to evaluate particle size effects on antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oils (EO) on CCl4-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. Animals were daily orally treated with the EOs extracted by hydrodistillation from powder sieved at four particle sizes (≥355, 200 - 355, 100 - 200, ≤100 μm) and those of the unsieved powder at dose of 50 mg/Kg for 7 days. Compounds that are evaluated for these activities are hydrocarbons and oxygenated terpenes that were identified and quantified by GC/MS. Activities of enzymes markers of hepatocellular damage in serum and antioxidant enzymes in the liver homogenates were measured. In this research, EOs significantly prevented the increase in serum ALT and AST (p 4 and significant increase level of plasma HDL-cholesterol. Also, significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the extent of malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) liver in comparison to negative control group. The best antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities were those of EOs from two fine powder fractions (≤100 μm and 100 - 200 μm) was correlated to their high concentration in oxygenated terpenes (70.9% and 46.4%, respectively), when compared to the large particles (200 - 355 μm and ≥355 μm, with 33.3% and 41.8%, respectively) and unsieved powder (37.4%).

关键词： Eucalyptus camaldulensis Powder Particle Size Essential Oils Hepatoprotection Oxidative Stress

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视频图像雪花检测和去除方法研究

视频图像雪花检测和去除方法研究

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作者： venant Nsabimana 北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

下雪时,天气往往是多变的。在许多情况下,各种天气交替出现,例如伴有雾的雪,这就增加了在雪花背景下分割视频图像的难度。这些情况可能对交通部门产生显著的负面影响,特别是在高纬度的大部分地区,或者冬季有冰雪天气。这在一定程度上影... 详细信息

下雪时,天气往往是多变的。在许多情况下,各种天气交替出现,例如伴有雾的雪,这就增加了在雪花背景下分割视频图像的难度。这些情况可能对交通部门产生显著的负面影响,特别是在高纬度的大部分地区,或者冬季有冰雪天气。这在一定程度上影响了人们的旅行和交通。尤其是,突然的雪灾对铁路运输造成严重干扰,对运输安全造成重大影响。因此,从背景中分割和提取雪对提高列车驾驶员的视线,防止铁路运输上的潜在事故以及开发冰雪的实时监测预报和警告技术具有重要意义。从视频/图像去除雪是非常具有挑战性和复杂的事情。通常,雪花仅影响图像上非常小的区域,因此,需要确定应该研究的区域。在这项研究中,一个新的技术已经实施,有效地使用L0梯度最小化方法来删除雪的像素。最小化技术可以全局地控制在图像中产生多少非零梯度。该方法独立于局部特征,而是全局地定位重要边缘。这些突出边缘被保留并且低幅度和不显着的细节将被扣除。以这种方式去除雪的像素。实验结果表明,所提出的除雪方法是高效的提取雪,即使在大雪条件下仍然保留图像的细节。本研究的主要工作如下:(1)通过使用梯度最小化技术来从视频中检测雪。(2)通过使用称为平滑的操作来从视频图像中去除雪。平滑操作通过以全局方式限制非零梯度的数量来识别显着区域,即最高对比度边缘。

关键词：视频图像雪花检测 Sobel滤波算法雪花去除 L0梯度最小化

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番石榴叶提取物的抗氧化活性的研究

番石榴叶提取物的抗氧化活性的研究

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作者： Nihorimbere venant 江南大学

学位级别：硕士

番石榴叶被用作药物可以追溯到古代，这引起了人们对番石榴叶萃取物研究的关注。番石榴营养丰富，其抗氧化性作用是其被用作药物的重要特性之一。本文主要研究了番石榴叶中的多酚类化合物及其抗氧化性。干番石榴叶粉碎，以去离子水或5... 详细信息

番石榴叶被用作药物可以追溯到古代，这引起了人们对番石榴叶萃取物研究的关注。番石榴营养丰富，其抗氧化性作用是其被用作药物的重要特性之一。本文主要研究了番石榴叶中的多酚类化合物及其抗氧化性。干番石榴叶粉碎，以去离子水或50％乙醇水溶液于40 oC 萃取(w/v=1:10)，旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的10％后冷冻干燥。萃取物中总多酚量用福林－酚法测定，以没食子酸当量计算总多酚含量。乙醇提取得到总多含量为575.3 ( 15.5 mg GAE/ g ，水提取为511.6 ( 6.2 mg GAE/ g（没食子酸当量，以干叶子计算）。用其它溶剂如甲醇提取，总酚的含量可以提高10％。反相液相色谱(RP-HPLC)用于分析鉴定酚类化合物，流动相为甲酸和甲醇(体积比1:4)。通过与标准样品洗脱时间等参数比较，鉴定了6种酚类化合物：单宁、原儿茶酸、阿魏酸、咖啡酸、黄酮类槲皮素二水物和卢丁三水物。这些化合物的含量为0.3-48.6%。以DPPH.比色法，比较番石榴叶萃取物与抗坏血酸的抗氧化性质。根据515nm下DPPH.颜色从紫色变成黄色，吸光度值相应减小来计算不同抗氧化剂的抗氧化能力大小。样品浓度越高，其抗氧化性越大。与抗坏血酸、绿茶和红茶比较，番石榴叶萃取物的抗氧化性较高。同时，本实验中乙醇萃取物和市售的番石榴萃取物有相当的抗氧化能力，但是水萃取物抗氧化性相对较低。抗氧化性大小和总酚含量高低有很强的正相关性，相关系数为0.8694 和0.9643（分别为水萃取和乙醇萃取）。通过两个计算番石榴叶萃取物的抗自由基能力参数EC50（自由基有效浓度）和TEC50（达到稳定状态的时间）的研究比较，发现AE（抗自由基效率）会比广泛使用的参数EC50更有效。本研究表明，番石榴叶萃取物具有抗氧化性潜力，可以添加在食品中，通过抑制和延缓氧化作用以延长产品保鲜、保质期同时减少营养损失。其强抗氧化性，对人体健康十分有益。

关键词：番石榴番石榴叶萃取物桃金娘科总多酚抗氧化性自由基淬灭能力 DPPH自由基比色法活性成分 RP-HPLC.

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DPPH自由基比色法测定番石榴叶提取物抗氧化活性的研究(英文)

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食品科学 2004年第7期25卷 36-42页

作者： venant Nihorimbere 钱和汪何雅陈军杰梁清蓉江南大学食品学院教育部功能食品工程研究中心

本文用2,2-联苯-1-三硝基苯肼(DPPH·)比色法测定了番石榴叶(PsidiumguajavaL.)的抗氧化活性,并使用了三个不同参数抑制率、EC50和AE来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,浓度越高,番石榴叶提取物清除自由基的能力越强,其中AE是表示抗氧化活... 详细信息

本文用2,2-联苯-1-三硝基苯肼(DPPH·)比色法测定了番石榴叶(PsidiumguajavaL.)的抗氧化活性,并使用了三个不同参数抑制率、EC50和AE来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,浓度越高,番石榴叶提取物清除自由基的能力越强,其中AE是表示抗氧化活性的最有效的能数。本研究表明番石榴叶提取物是一种有效的、有开发价值的天然抗氧化剂。

关键词： DPPH自由基比色法测定番石榴叶提取物抗氧化活性多酚抗氧化剂

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Phytochemical Profile and <i>In Vitro</i>Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils from Powder Fractions of <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>Leaves

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第3期12卷 329-346页

作者： venant Donald Noumi Richard Marcel Nguimbou Marthe Valentine Tsague Markusse Deli Sandrine Rup-Jacques Dicko Amadou Elie Njantou Baudelaire Selestin Sokeng Nicolas Yanou Njintang Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Université de Lorraine ICPM Metz France Université de Lorraine UR-AFPA Metz France

Dried leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were finely grinded and fractionated by sieving into four granulometric classes (355 μm). The obtained powder fractions were used for essential oil (EO) extraction by hydrodistillation and their phytochemical profile and in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. The mother powder (unsieved powder) was used for comparison. Particle size exerted a significant influence (p in vitro antioxidant properties of the EOs. Comparatively, the mother powder had the highest contents of α-pinene (55.6%), camphene (3.4%) and limonene (3.7%), while 1,8-cineole (26.6% and 22.4%), exo-fenchol (5.6% and 3.5%), α-campholenol (4.2% and 3.4%), L-trans-pinocarveol (5.5% and 2.7%), L-borneol (12.6% and 6.8%) and α-terpineol (16.4% and 7.6%) are the main compounds of EOs from the <100 μm and 100 - 200 μm fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the EOs revealed higher radical-scavenging activities DPPH (90.62% and 7

关键词： Eucalyptus camaldulensis Powder Fraction Essential Oil Chemical Composition Antioxidant Activity

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