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作者： SAMED ahmed AL-EZZI ALI AL-AMERI 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

乳腺癌（Breast cancer,BC）是女性最常见的癌症之一,也是女性第二大癌症死因。BC具有异质性,包括20多种不同的组织病理亚型。乳腺癌的病因尚未确定,但往往与生活方式、遗传和环境等多种因素有关。根据雌激素（estrogen receptor,ER+）... 详细信息

乳腺癌（Breast cancer,BC）是女性最常见的癌症之一,也是女性第二大癌症死因。BC具有异质性,包括20多种不同的组织病理亚型。乳腺癌的病因尚未确定,但往往与生活方式、遗传和环境等多种因素有关。根据雌激素（estrogen receptor,ER+）、孕酮（progesterone receptor,PR+）和人表皮生长因子受体 2（human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,her2）的状态,BC可分为5个主要的分子亚型。在肿瘤发生发展的过程中,肿瘤细胞通过促进辅助性T细胞向TH2（T helper cells 2,TH2）表型分化,并通过促进抑制因子的产生和抑制固有和适应性免疫系统功能,产生免疫耐受。在全身范围内,肿瘤细胞通过减少抗原呈递和分泌免疫抑制性细胞因子,以逃避机体的免疫识别并促进肿瘤细胞持续生长,最终导致耐药变体的克隆性扩增。白细胞介素10（interleukin-10,IL10）细胞因子家族由9个家族成员组成,即IL10、IL19、IL20、IL22、IL24 和 IL26,以及Ⅲ型干扰素（Type Ⅲ interferons,IFN）IL28A、IL28B和IL29。IL10是1989年由Mosmann及其同事发现的一种由小鼠TH2细胞产生的细胞因子,能够抑制1型辅助性T细胞（type 1 helper T cells,TH1）型细胞因子的产生和活性,最初也被称为细胞因子合成抑制因子（cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor,CSIF）。成熟的IL10由160个氨基酸组成,形成分子量约18kDa的单体结构。IL10作为一种抗炎细胞因子,主要由单核细胞、T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞（主要是Breg细胞）、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞和树突状细胞分泌,甚至由肿瘤组织分泌。IL10可抑制包括促炎细胞因子、趋化因子和趋化因子受体等在内的多种基因的表达,是一种具有免疫抑制和抗血管生成的多功能免疫调节因子,在包括肿瘤在内的多种疾病中发挥着重要作用。IL10是肿瘤诊断和治疗的生物标志物之一,此外,它也参与多种信号通路,与疾病的发病机制相关,并在一些肿瘤如乳腺癌的组织和血液中表达。IL10在肿瘤发生发展中的作用目前尚有争议,不同的研究结论也不一致。有研究发现,正常乳腺组织不表达IL10蛋白,但IL10在乳腺癌组织中显著升高,尤其是PR和ER阴性的乳腺癌患者。乳腺癌组织中IL10 mRNA水平较正常乳腺组织明显升高。IL10在动物模型和人类肿瘤中的表达与肿瘤免疫反应相关。有的研究认为IL10是乳腺癌的不良预后因子之一,BC患者血液中IL10水平高于正常对照组,且与预后呈负相关,IL10可刺激肿瘤细胞的增殖和转移。但另一些研究则认为IL10水平与肿瘤的分级无关;BC患者与乳腺活检阴性的可疑患者之间的血清IL10水平无明显差异。因此,IL10在乳腺癌中的作用尚需进一步的研究证实。本课题旨在进一步研究IL10对乳腺癌细胞的生物学功能的影响,特别是在乳腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡中的作用。在体外实验中,我们采用不同浓度的IL10,通过不同方法处理乳腺癌细胞MCF7和MDA-MB-231,研究其增殖和凋亡改变情况。本研究深入探讨了 IL10在MCF7和MDA-MB-231细胞增殖和凋亡中的作用机制,以及IL10与乳腺癌激素标志物的相关性（MCF7是雌激素受体（ER）和孕激素受体（ER）阳性、HER2阴性细胞系,MDA-MB-231是三阴性（riple-negative,TN）细胞）,本研究的实施对于乳腺癌的临床治疗研究具有一定的实践意义。IL10的表达与凋亡相关的肿瘤标志物有关,即与p53呈负相关,与Bcl2蛋白家族呈正相关。然而,IL10的存在和Bc12在肿瘤中浓度的增加可能提示乳腺癌的侵袭性。同样的研究也显示IL10水平与Bax的表达高度正相关,尽管Bax是Bcl2家族的一部分,是一种促凋亡的影响。细胞信号在包括乳腺癌转移在内的不同细胞过程中起着重要作用,一些长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs）主要与某些信号通路相关,这些信号通路对乳腺癌转移和转移相关基因表达的复杂级联反应也是必不可少的。新的研究表明,信号转导lncRNAs可以作为不同途径的调节因子,如TGF β、NFκb、STAT3、Hippo、EGF、Wnt、PI3K/AKT、p53 等信号通路。研究发,lncRNA ANCR 通过抑制 RUNX2的表达参与TGFβ信号通路,进一步抑制乳腺癌细胞的侵袭和转移。本研究主要关注IL10在乳腺癌中的生物学作用。取传代10代后的MCF7和MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞系,将不同浓度梯度的IL10刺激乳腺肿瘤细胞,用CCK8（Cell Cou

关键词：乳腺癌白细胞介素10 MCF7和MDA-MB-231细胞系增殖和凋亡

Evaluating Discharge Capacity of Major Chara’s of Sylhet City Using GIS

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第2期10卷 167-181页

作者： Gulam Md. Munna Jahir Bin Alam Jobayer ahmed Abdullah Al Mamun Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST) Kumargaon Sylhet-3114 Bangladesh

Heavy rainfall is one of the most frequent and widespread severe weather hazards that affect Sylhet city. In Sylhet, nine natural channels locally called “chara” are mainly responsible for the drainage of heavy rainfall to the Surma River. The present condition of this natural drainage is not feasible due to the unplanned land development and manipulation by people. So water logging is a common scenario of Sylhet city. Many parts of Sylhet city are experiencing the severe inundation problem due to heavy rainfall. Time series analysis of rainfall data (1974-2015) is important for knowing and predicting of rainfall variation. Mann-Kendall analysis showed no trend for monthly and yearly rainfall data. The rainfall intensity of Sylhet is higher than other districts of Bangladesh. In this study, IDF (Intensity Duration Frequency) curve has been developed that is commonly used in engineering planning and design. By using IDF curve, ArcGIS software, DEM map, and normal discharge, maximum discharge for a different point of Mongoli chara and Bolramer chara has been calculated (for 25 years return period). Discharge through Mongoli chara and Bolramer chara has been represented in ArcMap using ordinary kriging. To keep the catchment of those chara free from inundation and water logging problem, this calculated discharge needed to be managed.

关键词： ArcGIS Canal Chi-Square Gamble Distribution IDF Curve Mann-Kendall Rainfall

Efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound vs sham ultrasound on pain and physical function in people with knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2014年第3期2卷 78-90页

作者： Norma J Mac Intyre ahmed Negm Adalberto Loyola-Sánchez Mohit Bhandari School of Rehabilitation Science Mc Master UniversityHamilton Department of Surgery Mc Master UniversityHamilton

AIM: To determine the efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound vs sham for improving pain and physical function immediately post-intervention in people with knee osteoarthritis(OA). METHODS: We hand searched meta-analyses on the topic published in 2010 and updated the search in three electronic databases(MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL) January 1, 2009 to September 5, 2013 to identify relevant studies. The inclusion criteria were human randomized controlled trials published in the English language in which active therapeutic ultrasound was compared tosham ultrasound, data for people with knee OA were reported separately, participants were blinded to treatment allocation and outcomes assessed before and after treatment included pain, self-reported physical function and performance-based physical function. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts retrieved in the search to identify trials suitable for full text review. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment of the identified trials were completed independently by two reviewers. Pooled analyses were conducted using inverse-variance random effects ***: We screened 1013 titles and abstracts. Meta-analysis of pain outcomes from 5 small trials(281 participants/OA knees) showed that, compared to sham ultrasound, therapeutic ultrasound improves pain [standardized mean difference(SMD)(95%CI) =-0.39(-0.70--0.08); P = 0.01] but not physical function [self-reported in 3 trials(130 participants/OA knees): SMD(95%CI) =-0.21(-0.55-0.14), P = 0.24; walking performance in 4 trials(130 participants/OA knees): SMD(95%CI) =-0.11(-0.59-0.37), P = 0.65). For the walking performance outcome, the dispersion of the estimated effects exceeded that expected due to sampling error(χ2 = 8.37, P = 0.04, I 2 = 64%). Subgroup analyses of three trials that administered high dose ultrasound improved the consistency(I2 = 28%) but the treatment effect remained ***: Meta-analyzed double-blind placebocontrolled rand

关键词： Ultrasonic therapy Physical therapy modalities Osteoarthritis Double-blind method Evidence-based medicine

First-Order Studies of Nanometric Biferroic

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2012年第2期2卷 66-74页

作者： M. A. ahmed U. Seddik N. G. Imam Materials Science Lab.(1) Physics Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt Physics Department Nuclear Research Center Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt

Magnetoelectric biferroic nanocomposite with composition 0.5Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 + 0.5BaTiO3 was synthesized by ceramic technique. The structural and electrical characterizations of the investigated nanocomposite are discussed and reported. The formation of nanosized composite with two separate phases was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The variation of dielectric constant (ε'), dielectric loss factor (ε') and the ac conductivity (σac) of 0.5Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 + 0.5BaTiO3 was investigated as a function of both frequency and temperature. Thermal hysteresis (first-order transition) was obtained during heating (300 - 830 K) and cooling runs (830 - 300 K). The exact transition temperature and the amount area of the thermal hysteresis depend on applied ac electric field. The delay (lagging) time between heating and cooling processes was esti-mated from the hysteresis loop area versus frequency. The conduction mechanism in the investigated samples was explained according to different models. This study enhances the use of this prepared system in memory applications.

关键词： Biferroic Nanocomposite Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Barium Titanate Dielectric Hysteresis First-Order Transition

Single vs. Double Dose Iron Supplementation for Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Twin Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第12期10卷 1788-1802页

作者： ahmed Mohammed Abbas Manal Mahmoud Elhalwagy Khaled Afifi Khaled Ibrahim Mohamed Samir Sweed Obstetrics & Gynecology Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Obstetrics & Gynecology Helwan General Hospital Cairo Egypt

Introduction: It is estimated that about 18% of pregnant women suffer from iron deficiency anemia throughout their whole pregnancy. In twin pregnancy, owing to the relatively greater feto-placental requirements and greater expansion in maternal plasma volume and red cell mass, iron requirements are magnified 1.8 times compared to singleton pregnancies. However, for prevention of iron deficiency in twin pregnancy, only sparse data exist regarding the sufficiency of the standard antenatal iron supplementation dose used in singleton pregnancies to meet the increased iron demand. In this study, we investigate the effect of single and double dose iron supplementation for prevention of iron deficiency anemia in twin pregnancy. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at our center in the period between February 2019 and October 2020, and included 450 eligible healthy non-anemic women aged 18 - 35 year

关键词： Iron Supplementation Iron Deficiency Anemia Twin Pregnancy Hepcidin Mucosal Block

Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Show Variation in β-Lactamase Production and Are More Susceptible to Antibiotics Conjugated with β-Lactamase Inhibitors

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2016年第4期6卷 143-149页

作者： Uzal Umar Umar ahmed Faruk Damoroem M. Tanko Mohammed B. Yerima Department for Biological Sciences Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Department of Microbiology Federal University Dutse Dutse Nigeria

β-Lactam antibiotics are a cornerstone in the treatment of bacterial infections on account of its high therapeutic index and selective toxicity—they act by inhibiting the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, a key component in bacterial cell wall. Ninety (90) clinical specimens obtained from the microbiology unit Specialist Hospital Bauchi were screened for S. aureus, positive isolates were examined for β-Lactamase expression by using two Penicillin G concentrations (5000 IU/ml and 25,000 IU/ml) in acidometric agar technique with phenol red as indicator, and the susceptibility pattern of the isolates to β-Lactam antibiotics was also determined. S. aureus prevalence of 31% (28/90) was obtained, of which 96% (27/28) of strains were β-Lactamase positive in the standard test, while 63% (17/27) were able to hydrolyze penicillin G concentration of 25,000 IU/ml (5X the concentration in the standard test), and a strain was found to be β-Lactamase negative. The resistance to five β-Lactams, ampicillin, cephalexin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin and flucloxaillin, were 100%, 96%, 89%, 74% and 56% respectively. When ampicillin and amoxicillin were conjugated to β-Lactamase inhibitors sulbactam and clavulanic acid respectively the resistance to ampicillin decreased to 21% and to amoxicillin to 15%. The antibiotic susceptibility profile revealed β-Lactamase elaboration to be the major mechanism of resistance to the β-Lactams. β-Lactam utilization as therapeutic option would thus require the search for sensitive irreversible β-Lactamase inhibitors for the β-Lactamase enzymes or agents to block the release of β-Lactamase by strains.

关键词： β-Lactamase Peptidoglycan Transpeptidation Haemolysis Resistance Antibiotics

De novo glomerular diseases after renal transplantation:How is it different from recurrent glomerular diseases?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2017年第6期7卷 285-300页

作者： Fedaey Abbas Mohsen El Kossi Jon Kim Jin Ajay Sharma ahmed Halawa Department of Nephrology Jaber El Ahmed Military Hospital Faculty of Health and Science University of LiverpoolInstitute of Learning and TeachingSchool of Medicine Doncaster Royal Infirmary Nottingham Children Hospital Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Department of Transplantation Surgery Sheffield Teaching Hospitals

The glomerular diseases after renal transplantation can occur de novo,i.e.,with no relation to the native kidney disease,or more frequently occur as a recurrence of the original disease in the native *** may not be any difference in clinical features and histological pattern between de novo glomerular disease and recurrence of original glomerular ***,structural alterations in transplanted kidney add to dilemma in *** changes in architecture of histopathology can happen due to:(1) exposure to the immunosuppression specifically the calcineurin inhibitors(CNI);(2) in vascular and tubulointerstitial alterations as a result of antibody mediated or cellmediated immunological onslaught;(3) post-transplant viral infections;(4) ischemia-reperfusion injury; and(5) hyperfiltration *** pathogenesis of the de novo glomerular diseases differs with each *** of B-cell clones with subsequent production of the monoclonal Ig G,particularly Ig G3 subtype that has higher affinity to the negatively charged glomerular tissue,is suggested to be included in PGNMID *** novo membranous nephropathy canbe seen after exposure to the cryptogenic podocyte *** role of the toxic effects of CNI including tissue fibrosis and the hemodynamic alterations may be involved in the de novo FSGS *** well-known deleterious effects of HCV infection and its relation to MPGN disease are frequently *** new concepts have emerged that demonstrate the role of dysregulation of alternative complement pathway in evolution of MPGN that led to classifying into two subgroups,immune complex mediated MPGN and complement-mediated *** latter comprises of the dense deposit disease and the C3 GN *** novo C3 disease is rather *** of de novo diseases varies with each type and their management continues to be empirical to a large extent.

关键词： De novo glomerulonephritis Renal transplantation New concepts of therapy

Measuring Audit Firms＇ Intellectual Capital as a Determinant of Audit Quality： A Suggested Model

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2014年第1期10卷 59-79页

作者： Amr N. Abdelrhman Khaled Z. Labib ahmed F. Elbayoumi Cairo University Cairo Egypt Cairo University Cairo EgyptThe American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt

The intellectual capital is a main source of competing advantage. Many studies developed measure（s） of intellectual capital of industrial and service firms. Few studies have tried to develop a reliable measure of intellectual capital in audit firms. This study extends the current models to provide more insight into the role of intellectual capital in audit firms. The aim of this study is to develop a quantitative model to measure audit firms＇ intellectual capital. The suggested model can be used to explore the relationship between the intellectual capital in audit firms and audit quality. The model combines the main components of intellectual capital （human capital, structural capital, and relational capital）. The suggested model provides a tool that may help to better manage the intellectual capital in audit firms. As this is a theoretical study, a number of hypotheses are presented for testing in the future.

关键词： intellectual capital human capital structural capital relational capital audit quality audit firms

Knowledge Attitude and Practice about Water-Pipe Smoking among Saudi Population

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第3期8卷 58-72页

作者： Reema Fahad Abdulrahman Alnumair Amal Hussain Mohammed Ali Hussam ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Department of Medical Laboratories College of Applied Medical Sciences Qassim University Qassim Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Water pipe smoking has been practiced extensively for about 400 years. Water pipe smoking is common in the Saudi Arabia. Water-pipe smoking exposes smokers to high levels of tobacco and toxins. An observational and cross-sectional survey carried among 1170 participants to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice about water-pipe smoking among Saudi population. Data was collected and obtained by the online questionnaire that has been created in Google form and then published in different social media platforms over a period from September 2019 to November 2019. The data were entered in Excel and analyzed in EpiInfo7 statistical software to get descriptive statistics. Results: About 70% were females and 30% male, 43% of them are university students with 83% in the age group of the 18 - 25 high participants. Low knowledge of Carbon monoxide poisoning effects = 78%, While 54% of the participants showed low knowledge about infectious disease transmitted by water-pipe. The Knowledge about water pipe contents and carbon monoxide poisoning was low. Further efforts will be necessary to increase the level of awareness among participants in Saudi Arabia regarding water pipe contents and carbon monoxide poisoning.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Practice Water-Pipe Smoking Saudi