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Enigmatic Glass-Like Carbon from the Alpine Foreland, Southeast Germany: A Natural Carbonization Process

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2179-2200页

作者： Tatyana G. SHUMILOv. Sergey I. ISAENKO vasily v. ulyashev Boris A. MAKEEv.Michael A. RAPPENGLüCK Aleksey A. v.LIGZHANIN Kord ERNSTSON Institute of Geology of Komi Scientific Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Pervomayskaya st.54Syktyvkar167982Russia Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawaii at Manoa1680 East-West RoadHonoluluHI96822USA Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies GilchingGermany National Research Center 《Kurchatov.Institute》 Akademika Kurchatova pl.1Moscow123182Russia Faculty of Philosophy I University of WürzburgGermany

Unusual carbonaceous matter, termed here chiemite, composed of more than 90% C from the Alpine Foreland at Lake Chiemsee in Bav.ria, southeastern Germany has been inv.stigated using optical and atomic force microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis, as well as by δ13 C and 14 C radiocarbon isotopic data analysis. In the pumice-like fragments, poorly ordered carbon matter co-exists with high-ordering monocrystalline α-carbyne, and contains submicrometersized inclusions of complex composition. Diamond and carbyne add to the peculiar mix of matter. The required v.ry high temperatures and pressures for carbyne formation point to a shock ev.nt probably from the recently proposed Holocene Chiemgau meteorite impact. The carbon material is suggested to hav. largely formed from heav.ly shocked coal, v.getation like wood, and peat from the impact target area. The carbonization/coalification high PT process may be attributed to a strong shock that instantaneously caused the complete ev.poration and loss of v.latile matter and water, which nev.rtheless preserv.d the original cellular structure seen fossilized in many fragments. Relativ.ly fresh wood encapsulated in the purported strongly shocked matter point to quenched carbon melt components possibly important for the discussion of surv.v.l of organic matter in meteorite impacts, implying an astrobiological relationship.

关键词： astrobiology diamond carbyne coalification carbonization meteorite impact chiemite

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Detrimental and synergistic role of epilepsy——Alzheimer’s disease risk factors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1376-1377页

作者： Mikhail A. Filippov.vasily v. v.robyov International Medical Cluster Skolkovo Moscow Region Russia Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences Pushchino Moscow Region Russia

Identification of indiv.duals at risk for dev.loping Alzheimers disease (AD) is an important issue for its pretreatment. Perspectiv. studies predicting the disease are based on the genetic approaches emerging from the nucleotide polymorphism analysis in different loci through the entire genome in AD patients. Considerable div.rsity of genes located in these regions raise the question of this div.rsity's peculiar role in the disease dev.lopment. The mechanisms of AD hav. been shown to be associated with the gene v.riation, increased beta-amyloid production and concomitant epileptiform activ.ty/epilepsy in particular (Palop and Mucke, 2009).

关键词： Detrimental synergistic role disease risk factors

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Inflammation/bioenergetics-associated neurodegenerativ. pathologies and concomitant diseases:a role of mitochondria targeted catalase and xanthophylls

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 223-233页

作者： Mikhail A.Filippov.Olga G.Tatarnikov. Natalia v.Pozdnyakov. vasily v.v.robyov Sistema-BioTech LLCMoscowRussia Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of SciencesPushchinoRussia

v.rious inflammatory stimuli are able to modify or ev.n"re-program"the mitochondrial metabolism that results in generation of reactiv. oxygen *** noncommunicable chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and other cardiov.scular pathologies,type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome,these modifications become systemic and are characterized by chronic inflammation and,in particular,"neuroinflammation"in the central nerv.us *** processes associated with chronic inflammation are frequently grouped into"v.cious circles"which are able to stimulate each other constantly amplifying the pathological *** circles are ev.dently observ.d in Alzheimer's disease,atherosclerosis,type 2 diabetes,metabolic syndrome and,possibly,other associated ***,chronic inflammation in peripheral tissues is frequently concomitant to Alzheimer's *** is supposedly associated with some common genetic polymorphisms,for example,Apolipoprotein-Eε4 allele carriers with Alzheimer's disease can also dev.lop ***,in the transgenic mice expressing the recombinant mitochondria targeted catalase,that remov.s hydrogen peroxide from mitochondria,demonstrates the significant pathology amelioration and health *** addition,the beneficial effects of some natural products from the xanthophyll family,astaxanthin and fucoxanthin,which are able to target the reactiv. oxygen species at cellular or mitochondrial membranes,hav. been demonstrated in both animal and human *** propose that the normalization of mitochondrial functions could play a key role in the treatment of neurodegenerativ. disorders and other noncommunicable diseases associated with chronic inflammation in ***,some prospectiv. drugs based on mitochondria targeted catalase or xanthophylls could be used as an effectiv. treatment of these pathologies,especially at early stages of their dev.lopment.

关键词： algae xanthophylls Alzheimer's disease atherosclerosis depression type 2 diabetes metabolic syndrome mitochondria-targeted catalase noncommunicable chronic diseases stress

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The unfinished Nobel race of Eugene Zav.isky: to the 75th anniv.rsary of EPR discov.ry

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Science Bulletin 2019年第3期64卷 146-148页

作者： vasily v.Ptushenko Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences

On 21, January 2019 there will be 75 years when electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was discov.red by Eugene (Yev.eny)Konstantinov.ch Zav.isky (Fig. 1) in 1944 in the USSR. This method has rev.lutionized the study of v.rious physical, chemical and biological systems, and the importance of Zav.isky’s discov.ry is acknowledged by the EPR scientific community all ov.r the world.

关键词： Eugene Zav.isky anniv.rsary EPR

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Learning dislocation dynamics mobility laws from large-scale MD simulations

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 1239-1247页

作者： Nicolas Bertin vasily v.Bulatov.Fei Zhou Lawrence Liv.rmore National Laboratory LivermoreCAUSA

By dispensing with all the atoms and only focusing on dislocation lines,the computational method of Discrete Dislocation Dynamics(DDD)gains greatly ov.r Molecular Dynamics(MD)in simulation efficiency of metal *** whereas in MD dislocations follow natural dynamics of atomic motion,DDD must rely on a dislocation mobility function to prescribe how a dislocation line should respond to the driv.ng force exerted on ***,reflecting our still incomplete understanding of ways in which dislocations mov.,mobility functions presently employed in DDD simulations entail simplifications and approximations of limited or,worse still,unknown accuracy and *** we introduce a data-driv.n approach in which the dislocation mobility function is modeled as a graph neural network(GNN)trained on large-scale MD simulations of crystal *** apply our proposed approach to predicting plastic strength of body-centered-cubic(BCC)metal tungsten and show that,once implemented in a DDD model,our GNN dislocation mobility function accurately reproduces the challenging tension/compression asymmetry of plastic flow observ.d both in groundtruth MD simulations and in ***,subsequently v.lidated by MD simulations,the same function accurately predicts plastic response of tungsten under conditions not prev.ously seen in *** demonstrating its ability to learn relev.nt physics of dislocation motion,our DDD+ML approach opens a promising av.nue to bringing fidelity of DDD models closer in line with direct MD simulations at a much reduced computational cost.

关键词： dislocation dynamics plasticity

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Dopaminergic mediation in the brain aging and neurodegenerativ. diseases:a role of senescent cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 649-650页

作者： Pav.l v.Nekrasov.vasily v.v.robyov Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences

Aging is well known to be the main risk factor for the neurodegenerativ. pathologies,in particular,Parkinson’s disease（PD）and Alzheimer’s disease（AD）.In aging and in the diseases,similar changes in v.rious hallmarks of neurodegeneration（lipofuscin accumulation,autophagia weakening,and disturbances in functions of mitochondriaand lysosomes） were shown （Tan et al., 2014）. Furthermore, dopami- nergic system （DAS） inv.lv.ment in mechanisms of aging, PD, and AD were rev.aled （Martorana and Koch, 2014）.

关键词： Dopaminergic mediation in the brain aging and neurodegenerativ. diseases:a role of senescent cells

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Quantum effects on dislocation motion from ring-polymer molecular dynamics

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 198-203页

作者： Rodrigo Freitas Mark Asta vasily v.Bulatov Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Lawrence Liv.rmore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA Materials Sciences Div.sion Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Quantum motion of atoms known as zero-point v.bration was recently proposed to explain a long-standing discrepancy between theoretically computed and experimentally measured low-temperature plastic strength of iron and possibly other metals with high atomic *** finding challenges the traditional notion that quantum motion of atoms is relativ.ly unimportant in solids comprised of heav. *** we report quantum dynamic simulations of quantum effects on dislocation motion within the exact formalism of Ring-Polymer Molecular Dynamics(RPMD).To extend the reach of quantum atomistic simulations to length and time scales relev.nt for extended defects in materials,we implemented RPMD in the open-source code LAMMPS thus making the RPMD method widely av.ilable to the *** use our RPMD/LAMMPS approach for direct calculations of dislocation mobility and its effects on the yield strength ofα-*** simulation results establish that quantum effects are noticeable at temperatures below 50 K but account for only a modest(≈13% at T=0 K)ov.rall reduction in the Peierls barrier,at v.riance with the factor of two reduction predicted earlier based on the more approximate framework of harmonic transition state *** results confirm that zero-point v.brations prov.de ample additional agitation for atomic motion that increases with decreasing temperature,howev.r its enhancing effect on dislocation mobility is largely offset by an increase in the effectiv. atom size,an effect known as quantum dispersion that has not been accounted for in the prev.ous calculations.

关键词： theory quantum motion

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Autoimmune gastritis studies and gastric cancer: True renaissance or bibliometric illusion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第32期30卷 3783-3790页

作者： vasily Isakov Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Federal Research Center of NutritionBiotechnology and Food SafetyMoscow 115446Russia

A bibliometric analysis of studies dedicated to autoimmune gastritis(AIG)recently published demonstrated a noteworthy surge in publications ov.r the last three *** can be explained by numerous publications from different regions of the world reporting the results of sev.ral studies that stimulated reassessment of our v.ew of AIG as a precancerous ***-up studies and retrospectiv. analyses showed that the risk of gastric cancer(GC)in AIG patients is much lower than expected if the patients ev.r being infected with Helicobacter pylori(***)were *** low prev.lence of precancerous lesions,such as the incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia,may explain the low risk of GC in AIG patients because the spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia commonly observ.d in AIG does not inv.lv. clonal reprogramming of the gastric gland and can be considered as an adaptiv. change rather than a true precancerous ***,changes in gastric secretion due to the progression of gastric atrophy during the course of AIG cause changes in the gastric microbiome,stimulating the growth of bacterial species such as streptococci,which may promote the dev.lopment of precancerous lesions and ***,Streptococcus anginosus exhibited a robust proinflammatory response and induced the gastritis-atrophy-metaplasia-dysplasia sequence in mice,reproducing the wellestablished process for carcinogenesis associated with *** studies in ***-naïv. patients ev.luating gastric microbiome changes during the long-term course of AIG might prov.de an explanation for the enigmatic increase in GC incidence in the last decades in younger cohorts,which has been reported in economically dev.loped countries.

关键词： Autoimmune gastritis Gastric cancer Type 1 neuroendocrine tumors Helicobacter pylori Streptococcus anginosus Intestinal metaplasia

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Giant resonant light forces in microspherical photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 176-183页

作者： Yangcheng Li Oleksiy v.Sv.telskiy Alexey v.Maslov.Dav.d Carnegie Edik Rafailov.vasily N Astratov Department of Physics and Optical Science Center for Optoelectronics and Optical CommunicationUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223-0001USA Department of Radiophysics University of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Photonics and Nanoscience Group School of Electrical Engineering and PhysicsUniversity of DundeeNethergateDundee DD14HNUK Colgate Univ.rsity HamiltonNY 13346USA

Resonant light pressure effects can open new degrees of freedom in optical manipulation with microparticles,but they hav. been traditionally considered as relativ.ly subtle *** a simplified two-dimensional model of surface electromagnetic wav.s ev.nescently coupled to whispering gallery modes(WGMs)in transparent circular cav.ties,we show that under resonant conditions the peaks of the optical forces can approach theoretical limits imposed by the momentum conserv.tion law on totally absorbing ***,we prov.d the existence of strong peaks of the optical forces by studying the optical propulsion of dielectric microspheres along tapered *** observ.d giant optical propelling v.locities,0.45 mm s21 for some of the 15-20 mm polystyrene microspheres in water for guided powers limited at,43 *** v.locities exceed prev.ous observ.tions by more than an order of magnitude,thereby prov.ding ev.dence for the strongly enhanced resonant optical *** analyzed the statistical properties of the v.locity distribution function measured for slightly disordered(,1%size v.riations)ensembles of microspheres with mean diameters v.rying from 3 to 20 *** results demonstrate a principal possibility of optical sorting of microspheres with the positions of WGM resonances ov.rlapped at the wav.length of the laser *** can be used as building blocks of the lossless coupled resonator optical wav.guides and v.rious integrated optoelectronics dev.ces.

关键词： optical propulsion optical forces whispering gallery modes microspheres ev.nescent coupling

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Hypergeometric equations and weighted projectiv. spaces

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Science China Mathematics 2011年第8期54卷 1577-1590页

作者： CORTI Alessio GOLYSHEv.vasily Department of Mathematics Imperial College London Algebra and Number Theory Sector Institute for Information Transmission Problems

We compute the Hodge numbers of the polarised(pure) v.riation of Hodge structure v.= grn-1WRn-1f!Z of the Landau-Ginzburg model f:Y → C mirror-dual to a weighted projectiv. space wPn in terms of a v.riant of Reid's age function of the anticanonical cone ov.r *** implies,for instance,that wPn has canonical singularities if and only if hn-1,0v.= *** state a conjectural formula for the Hodge numbers of general hypergeometric *** show that a general fibre of the Landau-Ginzburg model is birational to a Calabi-Yau v.riety if and only if a general anticanonical section of wP is *** analyse the 104 weighted 3-spaces with canonical singularities,and show that a general anticanonical section is not a K3 surface exactly in those 9 cases where a generic fibre of the Landau-Ginzburg model is an elliptic surface of Kodaira dimension 1.

关键词： mirror symmetry v.riations of Hodge structures hypergeometric functions weighted projectiv. spaces Landau-Ginzburg models

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