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Advancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

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Modern Research in Catalysis 2024年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： Gerald D. S. Quoie jr. Jean Pierre Bavumiragira varney krom.h State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Mining Engineering College of Engineering University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

Nitrate pollution is of great importance in both the environmental and health contexts, necessitating the development of efficient mitigation strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the many catalysts employed in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia, and presents a viable environmentally friendly approach to address the issue of nitrate pollution. hence, the electrochemical transformation of nitrate to ammonia serves the dual purpose of addressing nitrate pollution in water bodies, and is a useful agricultural resource. This review examines a range of catalyst materials such as noble and non-noble metals, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, nitrogen-doped carbon species, metal complexes, and semiconductor photocatalysts. It evaluates catalytic efficiency, selectivity, stability, and overall process optimization. The performance of catalysts is influenced by various factors, including reaction conditions, catalyst structure, loading techniques, and electrode interfaces. Comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the catalytic activity, selectivity, Faradaic efficiency, current density, stability, and durability of the catalysts. This assessment offers significant perspectives on the structural, compositional, and electrochemical characteristics that affect the efficacy of these catalysts, thus informing future investigations and advancements in this domain. In addition to mitigating nitrate pollution, the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia is in line with sustainable agricultural methods, resource conservation, and the utilization of renewable energy resources. This study explores the factors that affect the catalytic efficiency, provides new opportunities to address nitrate pollution, and promotes the development of sustainable environmental solutions.

关键词： Nitrate Pollution Electrochemical Reduction Ammonia Sustainable Farming Catalysts

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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute radiation syndrome: Innovative medical approaches in military medicine

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2014年第3期29卷 186-195页

作者： Erik B.Eaton jr. Timothy R.varney United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense 3100 Ricketts Point Road Aberdeen Proving GroundMaryland 21010 US United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense 3100 Ricketts Point Road Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21010 US

After a radiological or nuclear event, acute radiation syndrome(ARS) will present complex medical challenges that could involve the treatment of hundreds to thousands of patients. Current medical doctrine is based on limited clinical data and remains inadequate. Efforts to develop medical innovations that address ARS complications are unlikely to be generated by the industry because of market uncertainties specific to this type of injury. A prospective strategy could be the integration of cellular therapy to meet the medical demands of ARS. The most clinically advanced cellular therapy to date is the administration of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Results of currently published investigations describing MSC safety and efficacy in a variety of injury and disease models demonstrate the unique qualities of this reparative cell population in adapting to the specific requirements of the damaged tissue in which the cells integrate. This report puts forward a rationale for the further evaluation of MSC therapy to address the current unmet medical needs of ARS. We propose that the exploration of this novel therapy for the treatment of the multivariate complications of ARS could be of invaluable benefit to military medicine.

关键词： Acute radiation syndrome Mesenchymal stem cell Cell therapy hematopoietic syndrome Gastrointestinal syndrome Radiation injury

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金属硫化物NMTS-2吸附剂研制及去除水中锶的研究

金属硫化物NMTS-2吸附剂研制及去除水中锶的研究

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作者： varney krom.h,jr. 天津大学

学位级别：硕士

近年来随着核工业的快速发展,以及福岛和切尔诺贝利核电站泄漏事故,引起公众对水体放射性污染的广泛关注。放射性锶是核燃料的主要裂变产物之一和核废物的主要组分,半衰期长,在水环境中有较强的迁移性,危害人类健康和环境,因此研究如何... 详细信息

近年来随着核工业的快速发展,以及福岛和切尔诺贝利核电站泄漏事故,引起公众对水体放射性污染的广泛关注。放射性锶是核燃料的主要裂变产物之一和核废物的主要组分,半衰期长,在水环境中有较强的迁移性,危害人类健康和环境,因此研究如何从水中分离去除Sr非常重要。采用水热法合成了一种含钠、锰、锡和硫的金属硫化物吸附剂(NMTS-2),通过改变锰的用量、水量、反应温度和反应时间等优化吸附剂的合成。此外,为进一步降低成本,用锡盐替代金属锡,且控制锡盐的用量最低,同时保持了较高的Sr去除率;与Na ZTS和Na TS的相比,NMTS-2的原料分别下降69%和76%。合成NMTS-2的优化原料配比为1.150 kg NaCO/kg、0.550 kg Mn SO/kg、0.411 kg Sn Cl/kg、0.696 kg S/kg、0.361 kg hO/kg,优化反应条件和参数为200°C和24小时。采用SEM、XPS、PXRD等多种手段表征NMTS-2的形貌特征、元素组成和结构稳定性,发现元素均匀分布在吸附剂表面,其在p h值不低于4时能够保持化学稳定性,低于365℃时保持热稳定性。为确定NMTS-2对水中Sr的吸附特性,完成了吸附动力学、等温线、影响因素和吸附选择性的研究,结果表明:NMTS-2吸附水中初始浓度为5.000mg/L的Sr,在5min后达到吸附平衡,符合拟二级动力学模型;298 K时最佳拟合吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,最大吸附量为47.04 mg/g,与实验值46.10 mg/g非常吻合;吸附剂投加量为0.5000 g/L、初始Sr浓度为5.000mg/L、NMTS-2在p h值为4-12时,对Sr的去除率为96.81%-99.96%,分配系数(K)为6.06×10-4.70×10 m L/g;水中共存离子会降低Sr的吸附去除率,影响顺序为Ca>Mg>>Na>K;NMTS-2对自来水和湖水的锶具有优异的吸附选择性;此外,NMTS-2吸附去除Sr的机理为离子交换和配位作用,去离子水中Sr的解吸速率可以忽略不计。综上所述,即使在强酸性或强碱性的放射性废水中,NMTS-2对放射性Sr的吸附也具有快速、有效和高选择性,可以为放射性含锶废水的应急处理提供支持。

关键词：放射性污染水四元金属硫化物吸附剂NMTS-2 制备优化高选择性

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Identification of Semaphorin 5A Interacting Protein by Applying Apriori Knowledge and Peptide Complementarity Related to Protein Evolution and Structure

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2008年第3期6卷 163-174页

作者： Anguraj Sadanandam Michelle L. varney Rakesh K. Singh Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center

In the post-genomic era, various computational methods that predict proteinprotein interactions at the genome level are available; however, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, resulting in false predictions. here we developed a unique integrated approach to identify interacting partner（s） of Semaphorin 5A （SEMA5A）, beginning with seven proteins sharing similar ligand interacting residues as putative binding partners. The methods include Dwyer and Root- Bernstein/Dillon theories of protein evolution, hydropathic complementarity of protein structure, pattern of protein functions among molecules, information on domain-domain interactions, co-expression of genes and protein evolution. Among the set of seven proteins selected as putative SEMA5A interacting partners, we found the functions of Plexin B3 and Neuropilin-2 to be associated with SEMA5A. We modeled the semaphorin domain structure of Plexin B3 and found that it shares similarity with SEMA5A. Moreover, a virtual expression database search and RT-PCR analysis showed co-expression of SEMA5A and Plexin B3 and these proteins were found to have co-evolved. In addition, we confirmed the interaction of SEMA5A with Plexin B3 in co-immunoprecipitation studies. Overall, these studies demonstrate that an integrated method of prediction can be used at the genome level for discovering many unknown protein binding partners with known ligand binding domains.

关键词： domain-domain interaction semaphorin plexin protein interaction prediction

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The Benefits of Identifying and Treating Adrenal Suppression in Adult Difficult Asthmatics: A Case Series

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health 2016年第7期8卷 642-649页

作者： Veronica A. varney helen Parnell Ginny Quirke Respiratory Department St. Helier Hospital Wrythe Lane Carshalton Surrey UK

We present 7 adults atopic asthmatics that were referred due to repeatedly relapsing asthma requiring oral courses of prednisolone. All were steroid responsive yet steroid dependant and were screened for adrenal insufficiency after changes to inhaled therapy and other standard anti-asthma treatments failed to improve the situation. All were deemed to be compliant. 4 used long-term intranasal steroids in addition to inhaled corticosteroids. No topical steroid creams were used by these patients. Adrenal suppression was examined via a 9 am cortisol level and a short synacthen test (using intravenous tetracosactide 250 mcg) along with measurement of ACTh (Adreno-Cortico-Trophic hormone). The tests were performed in periods off prednisolone. We report the observed beneficial effects after treatment of the adrenal insufficiency with hydrocor-tisone acetate replacement therapy in these cases, and the benefit to their exacerbations, hospital admission and the requirement for prednisolone courses. These patients would have been stepped up to yet higher doses of inhaled steroids and even referred for anti-IgE treatment etc. Adrenal suppression is well described in the medical literature for asthmatics, but the beneficial outcomes of treating this are unknown. These 7 cases have been followed for up to 3 years since hydrocorti-sone replacement therapy. Most improved to a stable asthma without frequent exacerbations nor requirement for prednisolone and only 1 had a hospital admission.

关键词： Difficult Asthma Steroid Dependence Adrenal Suppression Atopy Chronic Rhinitis Adrenal Replacement Therapy

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高温下混凝土柱温度场分析

高温下混凝土柱温度场分析

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作者： varney A.Freeman 北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

混凝土和钢的结合已被证明是今年建筑行业的优质材料。它帮助人们设计了非凡的结构,如桥梁,水坝,体育场和拱门,以跨越长距离。混凝土的加固增加了其强度和耐久性。多年来的火灾已被证明是我们的结构所能经历的最严重的威胁。这些事故是... 详细信息

混凝土和钢的结合已被证明是今年建筑行业的优质材料。它帮助人们设计了非凡的结构,如桥梁,水坝,体育场和拱门,以跨越长距离。混凝土的加固增加了其强度和耐久性。多年来的火灾已被证明是我们的结构所能经历的最严重的威胁。这些事故是随机事件,可以在采取必要行动以防止巨额损失时予以减轻。随着多年来火灾袭击的汹涌澎湃,它引起了消防安全和结构设计领域的关注。世界各地的当局正在寻求解决方案或缓解措施,以减少火灾爆发时造成的损失。该研究考察了两种暴露于不同加热速率(慢速和快速)的混凝土柱。柱面上将使用不同的加热方式,以帮助确定柱的混凝土和钢的损坏。它还考虑了用于具有不同覆盖物的两个柱的混凝土覆盖物。根据IS0834标准火焰曲线进行加热。温度场分析的结果清楚地表明如下:结果表明,随着暴露面数的增加,火灾的影响更加严重。2.当混凝土和钢结合在一起时,到达钢材时,加热速率适用于混凝土表面,零度开始。3.可以清楚地看到盖子的效果,盖板厚度降低了冲击加热速率。覆盖层越厚,裂缝宽度越大

关键词：混凝土柱温度场防火性能有限元

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改性香蕉皮生物炭P-S-Fe高效去除废水中的As（Ⅴ）和Pb（Ⅱ）

改性香蕉皮生物炭P-S-Fe高效去除废水中的As（Ⅴ）和Pb（Ⅱ）

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作者： varney Edwin Johnson 中南大学

学位级别：硕士

砷(As)和铅(Pb)复合污染问题遍布全球,引起了学术界的关注。随着环境法规逐渐完善,砷铅复合污染治理受到社会各界的重视。但是,目前砷铅复合污染形势仍然很严峻。在各种去除砷和铅的方法中,吸附法因其工艺简单、效率高、成本低的优点,... 详细信息

砷(As)和铅(Pb)复合污染问题遍布全球,引起了学术界的关注。随着环境法规逐渐完善,砷铅复合污染治理受到社会各界的重视。但是,目前砷铅复合污染形势仍然很严峻。在各种去除砷和铅的方法中,吸附法因其工艺简单、效率高、成本低的优点,成为最具潜力的方法技术之一。然而,目前常见的吸附剂如活性炭、氧化铝、二氧化硅等生产成本过高,阻碍了吸附法的广泛应用。因此,迫切需要开发成本低、效率高的吸附剂如生物炭。水热合成是生物炭生产、改性的有效途径之一。本研究以香蕉皮为原料,通过增加磷酸盐、硫、铁(P-S-Fe)含量,以水热法合成功能性生物炭,可有效去除砷和铅。在本研究中,我们通过水热合成制备了脱水香蕉皮生物炭,并用磷酸硫铁(P-S-Fe)改性脱水香蕉皮生物炭,研究了 As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)在改性香蕉皮生物炭(P-S-Fe)和原始香蕉皮生物炭(PBPB)上的吸附特性,分析了不同的参数如ph、时间、剂量对吸附效果的影响,解析了动力学和等温线模型,最后通过FTIR、XRD、XPS等表征手段,阐明了 P-S-Fe改性生物炭对As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附机制。本研究的具体结果如下:1、合成了脱水香蕉皮生物炭和P-S-Fe改性生物炭,明确了 P-S-Fe改性生物炭对As(V)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附效率。通过水热合成制备了脱水香蕉皮生物炭,并于180℃和1200℃下制备了磷酸铁(P-Fe)、硫酸铁(S-Fe)、磷酸硫铁(P-S-Fe)改性生物炭。0.25 g P-S-Fe改性生物炭对As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率分别为98.7%和90.3%。同时,对比了不同生物炭对As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附效率,对As(V)的吸附效率为P-S-Fe生物炭>P-Fe生物炭>PBPB>S-Fe生物炭,对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附效率为P-S-Fe 生物炭>P-Fe 生物炭>PBPB>S-Fe 生物炭。研究了不同因素对吸附效率的影响:ph=7时,P-S-Fe生物炭的最大As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)去除率为99.4%和93.9%;P-S-Fe生物炭在24 h对时As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率分别为98.7%和90.3%;1 g P-S-Fe生物炭对As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率分别为96%和93.7%。2、阐明了 P-S-Fe改性生物炭对As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的动力学和等温线模型,及其吸附机制。Langmuir等温线拟合表明,P-S-Fe生物炭对As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附容量分别为39.5和33.2 mg/g,PBPB对As(V)和Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附容量分别为26.4和23.5 mg/g。伪二级拟合吸附数据表明该吸附数据有较高的R2值。SEM分析表明,P-S-Fe-生物炭表面光滑有光泽,孔壁封闭。EDS图像分析表明,P-S-Fe-生物炭表面P、S、Fe、Ca和O元素分布均匀,说明生物炭改性成功。XRD和XPS结果中均观察到As2S3、PbSO4和Na2hASO4等矿物,说明成功吸附了两种重金属离子。P-S-Fe-生物炭总孔容(Vtot)约为PBPB的2.67倍。PBPB和P-S-Fe-生物炭的BET表面积分别为18.2和15.7 m2/g。通过XRD、FT-IR和XPS表征提出了 P-S-Fe-生物炭对As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附机制:离子交换、静电引力和表面络合。以上研究结果为利用改性香蕉皮为原料,制备低成本P-S-Fe生物炭治理含As(Ⅴ)和Pb(Ⅱ)废水提供了一种可行的方法。图25幅,表14个,参考文献317篇

关键词： As(Ⅴ)-Pb(Ⅱ)去除水热法合成 P-S-Fe-BC 吸附机理准二阶模型

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Self-reported dietary supplement use in deployed United States service members pre-deployment *** deployment,Afghanistan,2013-2014

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Military Medical Research 2018年第3期5卷 207-215页

作者： Shawn M.varney Patrick C.Ng Crystal A.Perez Allyson A.Arana Edwin R.Austin Rosemarie G.Ramos Vikhyat S.Bebartas University of Texas health Science Center San Antonio 7709Floyd Curl DrSan AntonioTX 78229USA San Antonio Military Medical Center 3551Roger Brooke DriveSan AntonioTX 78234USA Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center Denver Health and Hospital AuthorityDenverCOUSA U.S.Army Institute of Surgical Research USAF En Route Care Research Center3698Chambers Pass STE BJBSA Ft Sam HoustonSan AntonioTX 78234USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine13001E 17th PlaceAuroraCO 80045USA

Background: Dietary supplement use(protein/amino acids, weight-loss supplements, performance enhancers) is common among U.S. military members. Reported dietary supplement use in deployed troops is limited and is of concern in settings where troops are exposed to high ambient temperatures, increased physical demands, and dehydration. Our objective was to describe dietary supplement use and adverse events(AEs) among deployed U.S. service members compared with their pre-deployment ***: We conducted an institutional review board(IRB) approved, descriptive study in Afghanistan using a written questionnaire and collected demographic information, dietary supplement use before and during deployment, AEs associated with supplement use, and physical workout routines. Participants were U.S. military personnel of all branches of service deployed to Afghanistan. They were recruited in high-traffic areas in the combat theater. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics. Paired t-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to examine the before/during deployment changes for continuous data, and Mc Nemar's chi-square test was conducted for categorical data. We constructed separate logistic regression models to determine the best predictors of increases or decreases in dietary supplement use, with demographic information, reasons for using supplements, and education requested/received as covariates in each model. All statistical tests were two-sided at a significance level of 5%(Phe participants were in the Army or Air Force. The participants were more likely to work out daily or more than once a day during deployment. Thirty-five percent of the participants reported no supplement use before or during deployment. The remaining 65% of participants reported increased use and increased frequency of use of supplements(e.g., daily) during deployment compared with predeployment. Additionally, more pe

关键词： Military Dietary supplement Workout Exercise Adverse events

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网络病毒的求源问题

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计算机科学 2006年第9期33卷 8-11,82页

作者：韩兰胜韩淑霞 varney Washington 华中科技大学计算机学院武汉430074 华中科技大学数学系武汉430074 Cheale Vocational Training Institute Tubman Boulevard P.O.816Monrovia Liberia

现有的网络病毒方面的文章大都强调网络病毒与生物病毒的相似性,而生物病毒的寻源具有很多不确定因素,因此很少有人提出网络病毒寻源的理论。本文强调网络病毒的传播不同于生物病毒的传播,它的传播信息是可以通过网络获取的；病毒的求... 详细信息

现有的网络病毒方面的文章大都强调网络病毒与生物病毒的相似性,而生物病毒的寻源具有很多不确定因素,因此很少有人提出网络病毒寻源的理论。本文强调网络病毒的传播不同于生物病毒的传播,它的传播信息是可以通过网络获取的；病毒的求源虽然是病毒传播的逆过程,但它也不同于严格意义上的反问题。文章提出子网内病毒传播路径的始点即为子网的病毒源。指出病毒的传播引起的计算机结点的状态变迁是获取病毒实际传播路径的主要依据,而计算机感染病毒的诊断和清毒是获取该依据的重要手段。由此,文章建立了子网的状态变迁方程。结合实际的网络因素和实践,文章给出了一套求解的方法和步骤,反复求解子网的状态变迁方程即可求得病毒实际传播的路径,传播路径的始点即为病毒的一个源点。最后,文章对模型及其解法给出了模拟实验,实验证明了理论模型的正确性和求解方法的有效性。文章为建立网络病毒的求源理论打开了一定的思路。

关键词：网络病毒网络安全病毒求源

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The Beneficial Effects of Oral Cotrimoxazole upon Likely Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Advanced Fibrotic Lung Disease

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2017年第3期8卷 90-108页

作者： Veronica varney David Salisbury helen Parnell Siva Ratnatheepan Alex Nicholas Ginny Quirke Nazira Sumar Amolak Bansal Department of Respiratory Medicine St Helier Hospital London UK Department of Immunology St Helier Hospital London UK

Introduction: In cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, we have observed an elevation in mean red cell volume, serum gamma glutamyl transferase and peripheral monocyte counts, initially in a pilot study but also in new incident cases. These changes could not be explained by drug therapy, vitamin deficiency or other diseases. Method: We compared the peripheral blood abnormalities in 149 patients with lung fibrosis to 448 age and sex matched controls. We also examined the effect of cotrimoxazole treatment for 12 weeks on these abnormalities. From the pilot study of cotrimoxazole in lung fibrosis patients, the relationship of the peripheral blood monocyte count and serum cytokine transforming growth factor beta-1 was examined. Epstein Barr viral status was examined in a selection of patients in case it explained our observations. Results: The findings confirm the elevation in mean red cell volume, gamma glutamyl transferase and peripheral monocyte counts in patients compared with matched controls. Oral cotrimoxazole ameliorated these 3 blood abnormalities. Serological evidence of Epstein Barr viral infection was present in tested patients but active viral replication was absent. The monocyte count had a linear relationship with the serum transforming growth factor beta-1 levels, which increased by 600 pg/ml for every of 0.1 × 109/l increase in the monocyte count. Conclusion: These observations may reflect oxidative stress which was reduced by cotrimoxazole. A related sulphonamide “dapsone” is known to reduce oxidative stress through direct effects on neutrophil and monocyte function;similar effects may explain these findings and require a formal study.

关键词： Oxidative Stress Cotrimoxazole Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Monocytes Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1

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