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Emptiness （Sunyata） for Caring the Self in the Middle Path： Reinvestigating the Middle Path Philosophy of Ngggrjuna

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2012年第5期2卷 347-361页

作者： mathew varghese The Eastern Institute (Toho Gakuin)

Classical Indian Buddhist philosopher Nfigfirjuna is known for his philosophical interpretations of the central conception of Buddha＇s teachings, the philosophy of Middle Path （Mfidhyamika）. Notably he had introduced the unique concept of ＂emptiness＂（gnyata） to explain the Middle Path philosophy： the philosophical meaning of ＂emptiness＂ is dependent co-arising of various elements that support the worldly experience. This study investigates how this concept is used in explaining the subjectivity of a human person and how it is used for interpreting the unique process of human existence. The discussions on subjectivity are imprecise in modern and contemporary philosophy. But Ngrjuna＇s philosophy enables us to explain subjectivity conclusively, without it having to be explained using metaphysical positions. Sunyata may introduce a new definition for the concept of non-self： not for negating the self but for caring self from the problems of life by making it centered in the Middle Path （madhyama-pratipat）, where one may naturally be able to use his wisdom （prajh） as the guiding principle： not mere knowledge （na）. Sanyat is understood using fourfold （***.i） logical analysis, not twofold analysis employed normally by other philosophers. Here, the Buddhist notion of self as the co-dependent evolution process of five aggregates （pahcaskandhas） is reinterpreted using the unique method of tetralemma （***. i）. This critique explores the Western philosophy＇s conceptions on ＂human reasoning, ＂logocentrism,＂ and the objective analytical method of modern science.＂ After careful cross examination of the rival philosophical positions, it reasons out why the ＂rationale of nature＂ is always superior to ＂human reasoning＂ and ＂logocentrism,＂

关键词： wisdom subjectivity Middle Path co-dependent co-arising five aggregates logocentrism

Expedited Discharge of Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis in an Emergency Department Short Stay Unit

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2019年第4期9卷 112-120页

作者： Parampil Thulasidharan Shibu Kandalam Salem Abo Salah Peter Alistair Cameron Jignesh Dhirajlal Trivedi Muhammed Kunhi Kayakool Shahsad Ramachan Parambath Pradeep Radhakrishnan Joe varghese mathew Jaseem Sirajudeen Department of General Internal Medicine Hamad General Hospital Doha Qatar Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia

Aim: Review of presentation, management and outcome of patients admitted with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) to an emergency department short stay unit with expedited discharge. Methods: All admitted patients with a discharge diagnosis of “Diabetic Ketoacidosis”, were identified by the file auditing section in the Emergency Department. Data obtained from the medical records were collected using an explicit chart review from January 2012 to June 2013. Data included clinical monitoring, investigations performed, the type and amount of intravenous fluids given, the insulin regime, potassium supplementation and outcome. Results: Out of a total of 120 patients labelled as DKA or hyperglycaemia on arrival, hundred patients fulfilled the criteria for DKA. In the population studied the mean age was 25 years with a male predominance. Eighty-two patients suffered from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) whilst eighteen patients had Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Sixteen patients were newly diagnosed during the present admission. Seventy-six (76%) patients were on insulin. The insulin regimen and potassium supplementation were followed as per protocol in all patients. All the patients except one were given intravenous fluid according to protocol. Parameters were monitored adequately except fluid input and output monitoring. The median length of stay in the short stay unit was 1.5833 days. There was no return visit within one week of discharge. Conclusion: The median length of stay was short and there were no documented complications or deaths during the stay. There was poor compliance with documentation of fluid input and output. In this population, the short stay model of care appeared to be safe and efficient.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Ketoacidosis DKA Audit Emergency Department Expedited Discharge Length of Stay

Effect of post-thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared from a polymer precursor

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第7期21卷 551-558页

作者： Jijoy.P.mathew George varghese Jacob mathew Thin Film Research Laboratory Department of PhysicsSt.Berchmans CollegeChanganasseryKerala 686101India Department of Physics Calicut UniversityThenjippalamKeralaIndia

ZnO thin films were synthesised by a new method which uses polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） as the polymer precursor. The films are annealed at different temperatures and for different annealing times. The structural parameters, like grain size, lattice constants, optical band gap, and Urbach energy, depend on the annealing temperature and time. All the films possess tensile strain, which relaxes as the annealing temperature and time increase. The photoluminescence （PL） spectra contain only ultraviolet （UV） peaks at low temperature, but as the annealing temperature and time increase, we observe peaks at the blue and green regions with a variation in the intensities of these peaks with annealing temperature and time.

关键词： stress, band gap, Urbach energy photoluminescence

Botulinum toxin type A for treating chronic low back pain:A double blinded randomized control study

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 119-125页

作者： Mantu Jain Shahnawaz Khan Paulson varghese Sujit Kumar Tripathy Manaswini Mangaraj Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019OdishaIndia Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019OdishaIndia

BACKGROUND Low back pain(LBP)is a prevalent issue that orthopedic surgeons frequently address in the outpatient *** can arise from various causes,with stiffness in the paraspinal muscles being a notable *** administration of Botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A)has been found to alleviate back pain by relaxing these stiff *** BoNT-A is approved for use in numerous conditions,a limited number of randomized clinical trials(RCTs)validate its efficacy specifically for treating *** To study the safety and the efficacy of BoNT-A in minimizing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients of chronic LBP(CLBP).METHODS In this RCT,adults aged 18-60 years with mechanical LBP persisting for at least six months were *** were allocated to either the Drug group,receiving 200 Ipsen Units(2 mL)of BoNT-A,or the Control group,which received a 2 mL *** a 2-month follow-up period,both groups were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)for pain intensity and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)for disability at the start and conclusion of the study.A decrease in pain by 50%was deemed clinically *** The study followed 40 patients for two months,with 20 in each group.A clinically significant reduction in pain was observed in 36 *** was a statistically significant decrease in both VAS and ODI scores in the groups at the end of two ***,when comparing the mean score changes,only the reduction in ODI scores(15 in the placebo group vs 16.5 in the drug group,clinically insignificant)was statistically significant(P=0.012),whereas the change in mean VAS scores was not significant(P=0.45).CONCLUSION The study concludes that BoNT-A does not offer a short-term advantage over placebo in reducing pain or improving LBP scores in CLBP patients.

关键词： Botulinum toxin type A Chronic low back pain Randomized control study Double-blinded Pain management Therapeutic efficacy

Twisted analytic torsion

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第3期53卷 555-563页

作者： MATHAI varghese Department of Mathematics University of Adelaide

We review the Reidemeister, Ray-Singer’s analytic torsion and the Cheeger-Mller theorem. We describe the analytic torsion of the de Rham complex twisted by a flux form introduced by the current authors and recall its properties. We define a new twisted analytic torsion for the complex of invariant differential forms on the total space of a principal circle bundle twisted by an invariant flux form. We show that when the dimension is even, such a torsion is invariant under certain deformation of the metric and the flux form. Under T-duality which exchanges the topology of the bundle and the flux form and the radius of the circular fiber with its inverse, the twisted torsion of invariant forms are inverse to each other for any dimension.

关键词： analytic torsion circle bundles T-duality

Integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiling of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma identifies molecular subtypes associated with distinct immune features and clinical outcomes

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第3期3卷 81-94页

作者： Sahil Seth Runzhe Chen Yang Liu Junya Fujimoto Lingzhi Hong Alexandre Reuben Susan varghese Carmen Behrens Tina McDowell Luisa Solis Soto Cara Haymaker Annikka Weissferdt Neda Kalhor Jia Wu Xiuning Le Natalie I Vokes Chao Cheng John V.Heymach Don L.Gibbons P.Andrew Futreal Ignacio IWistuba Humam Kadara Jianhua Zhang Cesar Moran Jianjun Zhang Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA TRACTION The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson and the University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Translational Molecular Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Epidemiology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA

Background:Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC)is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),characterized by the presence of epithelial and sarcoma-like *** molecular and immune landscape of PSC has not been well ***:Multiomics profiling of 21 pairs of PSCs with matched normal lung tissues was performed through targeted high-depth DNA panel,whole-exome,and RNA *** describe molecular and immune features that define subgroups of PSC with disparate genomic and immunogenic features as well as distinct clinical ***:In total,27 canonical cancer gene mutations were identified,with TP53 the most frequently mutated gene,followed by ***,most TP53 and KRAS mutations were earlier genomic events mapped to the trunks of the tumors,suggesting branching evolution in most PSC *** identified two distinct molecular subtypes of PSC,driven primarily by immune infiltration and *** Immune High(IM-H)subtype was associated with superior survival,highlighting the impact of immune infiltration on the biological and clinical features of localized ***:We provided detailed insight into the mutational landscape of PSC and identified two molecular subtypes associated with ***-H tumors were associated with favorable recurrence-free survival and overall survival,highlighting the importance of tumor immune infiltration in the biological and clinical features of PSCs.

关键词： genomic immune pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma survival

Growth Kinetics of Nanocrystals and Nanorods by Employing Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Other Techniques

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第4期24卷 615-627页

作者： Kanishka BISWAS Neenu varghese C.N.R.Rao Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit DST Nanoscience Unit and CSIR Centre of Excellence in ChemistryJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur P.O.Bangalore 560064India Solid State and Structural Chemistry UnitIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit DST Nanoscience Unit and CSIR Centre of Excellence in ChemistryJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur P.O.Bangalore 560064India

In this article, we report the results of our detailed investigations of the growth kinetics of zero-dimensional nanocrystals as well as one-dimensional nanorods by the combined use of small angel X-ray scattering （SAXS）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） along with other physical techniques. The study includes growth kinetics of gold nanocrystals formed by the reduction of HAuCl4 by tetrakis（hydroxymethyl） phosphonium chloride in aqueous solution, of CdSe nanocrystals formed by the reaction of cadmium stearate and selenium under solvothermal conditions, and of ZnO nanorods formed by the reaction of zinc acetate with sodium hydroxide under solvothermal conditions in the absence and presence of capping agents. The growth of gold nanocrystals does not follow the diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening, and instead follows a Sigmoidal rate curve. The heat change associated with the growth determined by isothermal titration calorimetry is about 10 kcal·mol^-1 per I nm increase in the diameter of the nanocrystals. In the case of CdSe nanocrystals also, the growth mechanism deviates from diffusion-limited growth and follows a combined model containing both diffusion and surface reaction terms. Our study of the growth kinetics of uncapped and poly（vinyl pyrollidone）（PVP）-capped ZnO nanorods has yielded interesting insights. We observe small nanocrystals next to the ZnO nanorods after a lapse of time in addition to periodic focusing and defocusing of the width of the length distribution. These observations lend support to the diffusion-limited growth model for the growth of uncapped ZnO nanorods. Accordingly, the time dependence on the length of uncapped nanorods follows the L3 law as required for diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening. The PVP-capped nanorods, however, show a time dependence, which is best described by a combination of diffusion （L^3） and surface reaction （L^2） terms.

关键词： Growth kinetics Gold nanocrystals CdSe nanocrystals ZnO nanorods Small angle X-ray scattering Transmission electron microscopy Ostwald ripening and sigmoidal growth

Sepsis during short bowel syndrome hospitalizations:Identifying trends,disparities,and clinical outcomes in the United States

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2024年第1期15卷 26-36页

作者： Dushyant Singh Dahiya Jennifer Wachala Shantanu Solanki Dhanshree Solanki Asim Kichloo Samantha Holcomb Uvesh Mansuri Khwaja Saad Haq Hassam Ali Manesh Kumar Gangwani Yash R Shah Teresa varghese Hafiz Muzaffar Akbar Khan Simon Peter Horslen Thomas D Schiano Syed-Mohammed Jafri Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of Internal Medicine Samaritan Medical CenterWatertownNY 13601United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&Nutrition The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Medicine Institute for Foreign Medical Graduate EducationHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Internal Medicine MedStar Harbor HospitalBaltimoreMD 21225United States Department of Internal Medicine WellStar Spalding Regional HospitalGriffinGA 30224United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionEast Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205United States Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY 13210United States Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine and UPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15219United States Division of Liver Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMI 48202United States

BACKGROUND Short bowel syndrome(SBS)hospitalizations are often complicated with *** is a significant paucity of data on adult SBS hospitalizations in the United States and across the *** To assess trends and outcomes of SBS hospitalizations complicated by sepsis in the United *** The National Inpatient Sample was utilized to identify all adult SBS hospitalizations between *** study cohort was further divided based on the presence or absence of *** were identified,and hospitalization characteristics and clinical outcomes were *** of mortality for SBS hospitalizations complicated with sepsis were *** Of 247097 SBS hospitalizations,21.7%were complicated by *** SBS hospitalizations had a rising trend of hospitalizations from 20.8%in 2005 to 23.5%in 2014(P trend<0.0001).Compared to non-septic SBS hospitalizations,septic SBS hospitalizations had a higher proportion of males(32.8%vs 29.3%,P<0.0001),patients in the 35-49(45.9%vs 42.5%,P<0.0001)and 50-64(32.1%vs 31.1%,P<0.0001)age groups,and ethnic minorities,i.e.,Blacks(12.4%vs 11.3%,P<0.0001)and Hispanics(6.7%vs 5.5%,P<0.0001).Furthermore,septic SBS hospitalizations had a higher proportion of patients with intestinal transplantation(0.33%vs 0.22%,P<0.0001),inpatient mortality(8.5%vs 1.4%,P<0.0001),and mean length of stay(16.1 d vs 7.7 d,P<0.0001)compared to the non-sepsis cohort.A younger age,female gender,White race,and presence of comorbidities such as anemia and depression were identified to be independent predictors of inpatient mortality for septic SBS *** Septic SBS hospitalizations had a rising trend between 2005-2014 and were associated with higher inpatient mortality compared to non-septic SBS hospitalizations.

关键词： Short bowel syndrome Sepsis Outcomes Mortality Trends

Antioxidant,anti-alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic beta-cell protective effects of methanolic extract of Ensete superbum Cheesm seeds

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第2期7卷 121-125页

作者： Solomon Habtemariam George Kabakasseril varghese Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories&Herbal Analysis Services Medway School of ScienceUniversity of GreenwichChatham-MaritimeKent ME4 4TBUK Department of Botany St.Berchmans'CollegeChanganasseryKottayam 686101KeralaIndia

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, anti-a-glucosidase and pancreatic b-cell protective potential of Ensete superbum(E. superbum) ***: A variety of in vitro assays including radical scavenging, reducing power potential, phenolic content determination, a-glucosidase assay and pancreatic b-cell(1.4E7 cells) viability were employed for assessing the effect of methanolic extract of E. superbum ***: The radical scavenging and reducing power effects comparable with the standard rutin were obtained while the enzyme inhibitory activity of the extract was 68-fold better than the standard antidiabetic drug, acarbose. The seed extract of E. superbum was packed-full of polyphenols with mean percentage gallic acid equivalent value of(38.2 ± 1.8)(n = 3). The protection of pancreatic cells from massive onslaught of hydrogen peroxide was far superior to that obtained for ***: The reputed antidiabetic therapeutic uses of the seeds extract of E. superbum may be justified on the basis of inhibition of carbohydrate enzymes, antioxidant effects and pancreatic b-cell protection.

关键词： Ensete superbum Musaceae Seeds Antioxidant Pancreatic beta-cell protection Alpha-glucosidase inhibition