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Acute Tonsillopharyngitis: Photosensitizer Fluorescence-Guided in Topical Therapy

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2021年第8期9卷 257-262页

作者： Kate Cristina Blanco Camila Paula D’Almeida Priyanka Joshi vanderlei salvador bagnato São Carlos Institute of Physics University of São PauloBox 36913566-970São CarlosSPBrazil Hagler Fellow-Texas A&M University-College Station Texas-USA

Background: As is observed in acute respiratory pandemics characterized by inflammation of the oropharynx, microbial transmission caused by viruses and bacteria through the upper respiratory tract can quickly affect the lower respiratory tract due to its ease of transmission, The challenges are presented in the development of an adequate lighting system to prevent infections of the upper respiratory treatment and highlight the importance of following the procedure due to fluorescence decay from the given light dose. Methods: for this purpose, our study evaluated the lighting distribution on the oropharynx established and determined under simulation by TracePro software. The photobleaching (PB) is obtained by different fluorescence analysis methods of photosensitizer (PS) in formulation located in the oropharynx and tonsils. A blue light emission system at 450 nm was studied to improve the distribution, uniformity, and ray’s incidence. The PB of the PS was investigated using two different methods for detecting fluorescence in the oropharynx by quantifying the active portion of the PS assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy for patients with pharyngotonsillitis by consuming 2.25 mg of curcumin in formulation after applying light by analysis of images in Software MatLab. Results: The lighting device showed a uniformity of 82% in the oropharynx. In healthy volunteers, the minimum energy of photodegradation of curcumin is 0.2 and the maximum energy is 17.4 J/cm2. We observed intensities of blue and green emission of the analyzed fluorescence images related to PS through fluorescence measurements. Conclusions: We conclude that the pharyngotonsillitis infections can be treated by using an adequate distribution of light in the oropharynx and by activating photosensitizing agents in the infection sites supported by the fluorescence of the compound.

关键词： Curcumin photodynamic therapy infection oropharynx lighting.

Quantitative Analysis of Photodynamic Therapy Effects in Rat Mammary Tumor Vascular Density Using Image-Pro plus Software

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013年第5期3卷 259-262页

作者： Isabelle Ferreira Camilo Bulla Wes Baumgartner vanderlei salvador bagnato Noeme Sousa Rocha Veterinary Clinics Department School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Universidade Estadual Paulista Botucatu Brazil

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that has advanced rapidly in recent years. It causes tissue and vascular damage with the interaction of a photosensitizing agent (PS), light of a proper wavelength, and molecular oxygen. Evaluation of vessel damage usually relies on histopathology evaluation. Results are often qualitative or at best semi-quantitative based on a subjective system. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using CD31 immunohistochemistry and image analysis software, the vascular damage after PDT in a well-established rodent model of chemically induced mammary tumor. Fourteen Sprague-Dawley rats received a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthraxcene (80 mg/kg by gavage), treatment efficacy was evaluated by comparing the vascular density of tumors after treatment with Photogem®?as a PS, intraperitoneally, followed by interstitial fiber optic lighting, from a diode laser, at 200 mW/cm and light dose of 100 J/cm directed against his tumor (7 animals), with a control group (6 animals, no PDT). The animals were euthanized 30 hours after the lighting and mammary tumors were removed and samples from each lesion were formalin-fixed. Immunostained blood vessels were quantified by Image Pro-Plus version 7.0. The control group had an average of 3368.6 ± 4027.1 pixels per picture and the treated group had an average of 779 ± 1242.6 pixels per area (P 0.01), indicating that PDT caused a significant decrease in vascular density of mammary tumors. The combined immunohistochemistry using CD31, with selection of representative areas by a trained pathology, followed by quantification of staining using Image Pro-Plus version 7.0 system was a practical and robust methodology for vessel damage evaluation, which probably could be used to assess other antiangiogenic treatments.

关键词： Mammary Tumors Photodynamic Therapy Vascular Damage

In Vitro Study of Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Bacteremia in Whole Blood

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2018年第9期6卷 863-869页

作者： Jennifer Machado Soaxes Thaila Quatrini Correa Natalia Mayumi Inada vanderlei salvador bagnato Kate Cristina Blanco Sao Carlos Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo PO Box 369 Sao Carlos 13560-970 SP Brazil PPG Biotec Federal University of Sao Carlos Rod. Washington Luis km 235 Sao Carlos 13565-905 SP Brazil

Antibiotic resistance has been compromised hospitalized patients with serious infections. The main cases of bacteremia can be caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens. Photodynamic therapy （PDT） has been shown as an alternative for inactivation of microorganisms in blood. In this therapy photochemical mechanisms occur that may prevent the development of bacteria. This study aims optimization of PDT parameters for blood decontamination. Concentration ofphotosensitizer （PS）, light dose （LD） and incubation time （IT） were studied for hemolysis and cell toxic effects. It was observed that PDT can be used for microbial inactivation in total blood reducing 0.85 log10 CFU/mL ofS. aureus at 15 J/cm^2 and 50μg/mL of Photogem .

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus photodynamic therapy bacteremia blood

Efficacy of Photogem（Hematoporphyrin Derivative） as a Photoactivatable Larvicide against Aedes aegypti （Diptera： Culicidae） Larvae

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Journal of Life Sciences 2017年第2期11卷 74-81页

作者： Larissa Marila de Souza Natalia Mayumi Inada Sebastiao Pratavieira Juliano Jose Corbi Cristina Kurachi vanderlei salvador bagnato Federal University of S6o Carlos PPG Biotec S6o Carlos 13565-905 Sao Paulo Brazil Sao Carlos Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Sao Carlos 13560-970 Sao Paulo Brazil Sao Carlos School of Engineering University of Sao Paulo Sao Carlos 13560-970 Sao Paulo Brazil

Dengue vector is responsible for millions of deaths every year and has caused disastrous impacts on health systems. The continuous use of chemical insecticides, such as carbamates, pyrethroids and organophosphates generates resistant populations of the mosquito, therefore, new control methods must be investigated. The joint action of the population and guidelines for preventing the reproduction of the mosquito associated with the use of photoactivatable insecticides can be the alternative for the control of epidemiological outbreaks in affected regions. In this study, the photo-larvicidal activity of Photogem^（PG）, a derivative of hematoporphyrin, was investigated against 2nd-early 3rd instar of Aedes aegypti larvae （Diptera： Culicidae） under different lighting conditions （artificial lighting system and sunlight）. The dynamics of PG accumulation was characterized by CLSM （confocal laser scanning microscopy） and total time PG eliminationin solution was investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The maximum photo-activity of PG was observed in 0.5 h under sunlight exposure which achieved 100% larval mortality. Fluorescence images showed a uniform distribution of PG along the digestive tract. PG remained stable in the sunlight for 48 h and in an artificial lighting system for longer periods, therefore, it can be used for the control ofAedes aegypti larvae as a new alternative to chemical insecticides. The method is considered environmentally friendly due to its rapid degradation in the presence of light. Further studies are required, so that the potential of the technique can be explored in real breeding places.

关键词： Photoactivatable larvicide PG hematoporphyrin derivative Aedes aegypti natural lighting artificial lighting.

Enhancement of the Photodynamic Therapy Effect on Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2014年第2期4卷 107-114页

作者： Vitor Hugo Panhoca Mariana Carreira Geralde Thaila Quatrini Correa Mariana Torres Carvalho Clovis Wesley Oliveira Souza vanderlei salvador bagnato Optical Group Biophotonics Laboratory Physics Institute of Sao Carlos (IFSC) University of Sao Paulo (USP) Sao Carlos SP 13560-970 Brazil Biotechnology Pos-Graduate Program Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) Sao Carlos SP 13560-000. Brazil

Biofilm is a community of bacteria, less susceptible to traditions treatments. Although photodynamic therapy （PDT） is a very effective way to microorganism inactivation, in biofilm it is not as efficient as it is in planktonic bacteria cultures. The increment of an element to increase the effectiveness of PDT was our aim. Therefore, this in vitro study evaluates the susceptibility ofa biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans on metallic surface of orthodontic accessories under the application of PDT with a surfactant. Samples obtained from blades of orthodontic bands （NiCr）, where used as adhesion surface for the biofilm. They were treated with 1 mg/ml of curcumin, with 0.1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and exposed to 30 J/cm^2 of light （455 nm）. Eight experimental groups were studied, including the positive and negative controls. The results show that the group with PDT and surfactant had a significant decrease （p 〈 0.001） in viability. In this case, the reduction observed was of 5.6 log10 （CFU/ml） in comparison to the control group. We have shown that, even though the biofilm is very tough and complex structure, we are able to promote almost the complete inactivation ofS. mutans in systems similar to an orthodontic treated patient＇s mouth.

关键词： Photodynamic therapy light-induced damage oral biofilm streptococcus mutans curcumin surfactant

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Curcumin Formulations byPhotodynamic Therapy

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2017年第8期5卷 506-511页

作者： Kate C. Blanco Natalia M. Inada Fernanda M. Carbinatto vanderlei S. bagnato University of S6o Paulo Sao Carlos Institute of Physics Sao Paulo 13566-590 Brazil

URTI （upper respiratory tract infections） are caused by acute, chronic or recurrent infections including pharyngitis andtonsillitis. The etiologic agents involved are bacteria, virus, and fungi. The standard treatment for bacterial infections is the use ofantibiotics. The antibiotic resistance, side effects of drugs and URTI complications indicate the importance of new therapies. PDT（photodynamic therapy） is a treatment option with a fast onset of action, low side effects, and easy administration of PS（photosensitizer） based on this study. The main aim of this study was to develop a new modality for the treatment of infectiouspharyngotonsillitis by photodynamic therapy. In addition, this study aims to evaluate components of the therapy as the PS, curcumin,in two formulations and irradiation conditions in the effectiveness of treatment. The procedure consists of two steps： oraladministration of CFs （curcumin formulations） containing a PS and illumination （450 nm and 0-60 J/cm2）. Bacterial isolates wereobtained from patients in a routine clinical pratice. The new methodology has been developed from the principle ofPI （photodynamicinactivation）. The strain identification number of colony forming units determined the efficacy of PI using each component, lightingand PS. The use of curcumin formulations in PI presented microbial reduction of 5 log.

关键词： Upper respiratory tract infections, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, curcumin, photodynamic therapy, clinical isolates, syrup, gum.

A Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Onychomycosis with Curcumin and Photodynamic Therapy

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2015年第9期3卷 434-437页

作者： Ana Paula da Silva Fernanda M. Carbinatto vanderlei S. bagnato Natalia M. Inada University of Sao Paulo Physics Institute of Sao Carlos 13566-590 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

Onychomycosis is a disease of high incidence in the nail plate and responsible for approximately half of the cases of nail infections. Conventionally, dermatologists prescribe antibiotics and antifungals for long periods for its treatment. The high incidence of this type of infection and the increase of microbial strains resistant to the available drugs have justified the importance of the development of new technologies and treatments. This paper presents the photodynamic therapy as an alternative treatment of onychomycosis. New strategies for the use of curcumin as a photosensitizer and its therapeutic response were investigated in different formulations （gel and emulsion）. Photodynamic therapy is a promising technique by which microorganisms are eliminated by a photosensitizing compound, light and oxygen. It was evaluated in two patients who had developed lesions in the fmgernails caused by onychomycosis for approximately 10 years. The lesions were treated by photodynamic therapy with curcumin. The therapeutic efficacy was observed after a maximum of six photodynamic therapy sessions without any other adjuvant therapy. Curcumin has become more promising than the therapeutic standard as it is a natural and versatible drug for incorporation in different formulations, at low cost and low probability of side effects.

关键词： Onychomycosis photodynamic therapy curcumin formulations.