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Should we recycle the graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries?The untold story of graphite with the importance of recycling

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 351-369,I0010页

作者： Subramanian Natarajan Madhusoodhanan Lathika Divya vanchiappan aravindan Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)

Demand for graphite in the forthcoming years to develop Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with the goal of driving electric vehicles(EV)and its requirement in multifarious energy storage applications as an electrode.The emerging sector of LIB-based EVs,along with portable electronics,produces an inevitable volume of batteries in the e-waste stream.The main reason for the lower percentage of recycling(at present,<5%)is due to the recovery of economically rich metals like Li,Ni,and Co.However,complete recycling technologies,including the strategic material graphite,which is available in a massive amount of spent LIBs,are urgently needed to be updated to ensure the reuse of all components.This approach lifts the recycling process to develop an economic one besides the geostrategic and environmental policy aspects.Here,we summarize the importance of graphite and its demand and specify the reasons to recycle the graphite from spent LIBs along with its development as an anode in detail.Additionally,the approach of the current recycling process of graphite in lab-scale and industries for various applications,including energy storage,are discussed with the highlights of future progress.

关键词： Recycling Lithium-ion batteries Graphite Anode Capacitor

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Direct reuse of oxide scrap from retired lithium-ion batteries:advanced cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2023年第5期42卷 1603-1613页

作者： Miao Du Kai-Di Du Jin-Zhi Guo Yan Liu vanchiappan aravindan Jia-Lin Yang Kai-Yang Zhang Zhen-Yi Gu Xiao-Tong Wang Xing-Long Wu Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)Tirupati517507India

The direct reuse of retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)cathode materials is one of the optimum choices for"waste-to-wealth"by virtue of sustainable and high economic efficiency.Considering the harmfulness of retired LIBs and the serious shortage of lithium resources,in this work,the spent oxide cathode materials after simple treatment are directly applied to the sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and exhibit promising application possibilities in advanced SIBs.The spent oxide cathode shows an appropriate initial discharge capacity of 109 mAh·g^(-1)and exhibits transition and activation processes at a current density of 25 mA·g^(-1).Further,it demonstrates decent cycle performance and comparatively good electrode kinetics performance(the apparent ion diffusion coefficient at steady state is about 1×10^(-12)cm^(2)·s^(-1)).The"waste-towealth"concept of this work provides an economical and sustainable strategy for directly reusing the retired LIBs and supplies a large amount of raw material for the largescale application of SIBs.

关键词： Spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) Oxides Reuse Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) Kinetics property

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