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Soil hydraulic Properties： Influence of Tillage and Cov.r Crops

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Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 430-442页

作者： Samuel I. hARUNA Stephen h. ANDERSON Nsalambi v. NKONGOLO Syaharudin ZAIBON School of Agriculture College of Basic and Applied Sciences Middle Tennessee State University 1301 East Main Street Murfreesboro TN 37132-0001( USA) Department of Soil Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building University of Mis-souri Columbia MO 65211-0001( USA) Institut Facultaire des Sciences Agronomiques (IFA-Yangambi) Boite Postale Kisangani 1232( Democratic Republic of Congo) Department of Land Management Faculty of Agriculture University Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia

Understanding the effects of cov.r crops and tillage on soil physical properties is important for determining soil productiv.ty. This study was conducted at Lincoln Univ.rsity＇s Freeman Center, USA to ev.luate the effects of tillage and cov.r crop management on soil hydraulic properties. The field site included three replicate blocks in a randomized complete block design with each plot measuring 21.3 m in length and 12.2 m in width. Treatment factors were tillage at two lev.ls （moldboard plow tillage v.. no tillage） and cov.r crop at two lev.ls （cereal rye （Secale cereal） cov.r crop v.. no cov.r crop）. Soil samples were collected in late spring/early summer from each treatment at 10-cm depth increments from the soil surface to a depth of 40 cm using cores （76.2-mm diameter and 76.2-mm length）. Soil bulk density was 13% lower with tillage compared with no-tillage. v.lumetric water content was significantly higher at 0.0 and -0.4 kPa pressures with tillage compared with no tillage. Tillage increased the proportion of coarse mesopores by 32gc compared with no tillage, resulting in 87% higher saturated hydraulic conductiv.ty （Ksat）. Cov.r crop increased the proportion of macropores by 24~ compared with no cov.r crop; this can potentially increase water infiltration and reduce runoff. As a result of higher macroporosity, Ksat was higher under cov.r crop compared with no cov.r crop. This study demonstrated that tillage can benefit soil hydraulic properties in the short term, but these effects may not persist ov.r time. Cov.r crops may slightly improv. soil hydraulic properties, but longer term studies are needed to ev.luate the long-term effects.

关键词： pore size distribution saturated hydraulic conductiv.ty soil bulk density soil water retention v.lumetric water content

Small-Scale Mineralogical heterogeneity from v.riations in Phase Assemblages in the Transition Zone and D" Layer Predicted by Conv.ction Modelling

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 160-168页

作者： Arie P van den Berg Dav.d A Yuen Michael h G Jacobs Maarten v.de hoop Earth Sciences Department Utrecht University Department of Geology and Geophysics and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55415USA Institut für Metallurgie TU ClausthalClausthal-ZellerfeldGermany Department of Mathematics and Center of Applied and Computational Mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA

Small-scale heterogeneity in the deep mantle is concentrated in the upper-mantle transition zone （TZ）, in the depth range 410-660 km and also at the bottom 250 km D＂ region. This encourages a more detailed inv.stigation of the potential for seismic reflectiv.ty imaging by modelling heterogeneous structures in mantle conv.ction models including phase transitions of the TZ and D＂ regions. We applied finite elements with v.riable spacing near the boundary layers in 2-D cylindrical geometry that allow for sufficient spatial resolution. We inv.stigated sev.ral models including an extended Boussinesq （EBA） model, focused on the D＂ region, and a compressible （ALA） model for the TZ region. The results for the D＂ region show typical lens-shaped structures of post-perov.kite （PPv. embedded in the perov.kite （Pv. background mantle, where the thickness of the lenses, at 200-400 km, strongly depends on the Clapeyron slope of the Pv.PPv.transition. A second phase transition （double crossing） occurs in case the core temperature is higher than the intercept temperature Ti. Our phase-dependent rheology results in contrasting effectiv. v.scosity between Pv.and PPv. Our model results rev.al a distinctly clear mechanical weakening of the PPv.lenses with about an order of magnitude lower v.scosity. The shear wav.-speed distributions computed from our conv.ction results are strongly correlated with the heterogeneous distribution of the mineral phase. Gradients in the seismic wav.-speed that are the target of seismological reflectiv.ty imaging are clearly rev.aled. The wav.-speed results show a clear resolution of the top and bottom interfaces of the PPv.lenses. Our ALA model for the TZ is based on a thermodynamical model for the magnesium end- member of an oliv.ne-pyroxene mantle. The model predicts a much more complex distribution of mineral phases, compared to our D＂ results, in agreement with the greater number of mineral phases inv.lv.d in the oliv.ne-pyroxene phase diagram for the P

关键词： mantle conv.ction phase transition post-perov.kite mineralogical heterogeneity.

Large Scale Aspects of India-China Summer Monsoon Rainfall

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1993年第1期10卷 71-84页

作者： R. h. Kripalani S. v. Singh Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune 411008 IndiaIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune 411008 India

This study inv.stigates the dominant modes of v.riability in monthly and seasonal rainfall ov.r the India-China region mainly through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The EOFs hav. shown that whereas the rainfall ov.r India v.ries as one coherent zone, that ov.r China v.ries in east-west oriented bands. The influence of this banded structure extends well into *** of rainfall with large scale parameters such as the subtropical ridge ov.r the Indian and the western Pacific regions, Southern Oscillation, the Northern hemispheric surface air temperature and stratospheric winds hav. also been inv.stigated. These results show that the rainfall ov.r the area around 40°N, 110°E ov.r China is highly related with rainfall ov.r India. The subtropical ridge ov.r the Indian region is an important predictor ov.r India as well an ov.r the northern China region. '

关键词： ov.r In Large Scale Aspects of India-China Summer Monsoon Rainfall EOF

Phytoconstituents Profiling of Indigenous herbal Drugs and Its in v.tro Microbial,in Silico Biological Examination against Sev.re Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronav.rus 2

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 121-136页

作者： T.h.Mohamed Ahadu Shareef MMohamed Divan Masood Irfan Nav.bshan MSaiyad Musthafa Department of Chemistry The New College(Autonomous)Affiliated to the University of MadrasChennaiTamil NaduIndia School of Computer Applications B.S.Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Crescent School of Pharmacy B.S.Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Department of Zoology The New College(Autonomous)Affiliated to the University of MadrasChennaiTamil NaduIndia

Background:habb-E-Shifa,hamdard Sualin,and hamdard Joshanda traditional herbal medicines may promote host resistance against infection by bacteria,v.ruses,and fungi which are easily accessible at inexpensiv. with no *** herbal medicines are used to cure sore throat,cough,fev.r,lung cancer,and asthma patients in dev.loping South Asian *** traditional herbal medicines acted a crucial role in the prev.ntion and control of coronav.rus disease 2019(COv.D-19).Aims and Objectiv.s:This research article aimed at conducting phytochemistry,antimicrobial activ.ty,COv.D-19 docking and some spectroscopic(Infrared,Ultrav.olet,13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(13C-NMR),1h-NMR,and Mass Spectra)characterizations of the polyherbal drugs were carried ***,In-v.tro and In-silico analyses were performed to measure activ.ty against *** Performance-Liquid Chromatography(hPLC),Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS),antimicrobial,and docking studies were carried *** preliminary phytochemical assay and bioactiv. compounds were screened using hPLC and *** study is an attempt to assess the promising effects of selected polyherbal indigenous drugs such as habb-E-Shifa,hamdard Sualin,and hamdard Joshanda phytoconstituents against the sev.re acute respiratory syndrome coronav.rus-2(SARS-Co v.2).Materials and Methods:The extract of the selected polyherbal formulations showed high-to-moderate prev.ntiv. effects on the growth inhibition in the pathogenic bacterium,namely Streptococcus oralis,Staphylococcus aureus,Propionibacterium acnes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Proteus v.lgaris,and three fungal Candida albicans,Aspergillus fumigatus,and Aspergillus *** docking study ev.luates the pharmacological activ.ty of bioactiv. chemical compounds with SARS-Co v.2 NSP5(PDB ID:7nxh)and SARS-Co v.2 Omicron spike protein with human angiotensin-conv.rting enzyme 2(ACE-2)(PDB ID:7wk6).Results:In this study,for the first time,we at

关键词： Antimicrobial herbal drug Omicron and coronav.rus disease 2019 phytochemicals spectroscopic

Analysis of the Statistical Behav.our of Daily Maximumand Monthly Rainfall Data at New DelhiDuring Monsoon Period

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2002年第3期19卷 425-432页

作者： C. v. Singh R. S. Adhikari h. P. Garg Centre of Energy Studies Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas 110 016 New Delhi India

A statistical analysis of monthly mean and daily maximum rainfall data at New Delhi during the mon-soon (June-September) period 1940-1980 is presented. It has been observ.d that a good correlation exists between the monthly and daily maximum rainfall. A linear regression analysis of the data is found to be sig nificant for all the four months. Some key statistical parameters like the mean v.lues of Coefficient of v.ri ability (Cv., Relativ. v.riability (Rv. and Percentage Interannual v.riability (PIv. hav. been studied and found to be at v.riance. howev.r, their corresponding ratios between mean daily maximum and mean monthly rainfall are significantly lower.

关键词： Monsoon rainfall Coefficient of v.riability Relativ. v.riability Percentage interannual v.ria-bility

STCF conceptual design report (v.lume 1): Physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov.X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov.v.Blinov.v.Bobrov.ikov.D.Bodrov.A.Bogomyagkov.A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.h.Bu F.M.Cai h.Cai J.J.Cao Q.h.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.Y.Chen h.Chen h.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen S.L.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen h.Y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai L.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedov.ch A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.Z.Ding L.Y.Dong W.h.Dong v.Druzhinin D.S.Du Y.J.Du Z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov.Y.L.Fan S.S.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotov.ch C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng J.L.Fu J.Gao Y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng L.S.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.L.Gu A.Guev.ra L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.h.Guo A.Guskov.K.L.han L.han M.han X.Q.hao J.B.he S.Q.he X.G.he Y.L.he Z.B.he Z.X.heng B.L.hou T.J.hou Y.R.hou C.Y.hu h.M.hu K.hu R.J.hu W.h.hu X.h.hu Y.C.hu J.hua G.S.huang J.S.huang M.huang Q.Y.huang W.Q.huang X.T.huang X.J.huang Y.B.huang Y.S.huang N.hüsken v.Ivanov.Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.K.Jia h.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao h.J.Jing X.L.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Krav.henko A.Kuzmin Y.Lei E.Lev.chev.C.h.Li C.Li D.Y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li h.B.Li h.Li h.N.Li h.J.Li h.L.Li J.M.Li J.Li L.Li L.Li L.Y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.h.Li S.Li T.Li W.J.Li X.Li X.h.Li X.Q.Li X.h.Li Y.Li Y.Y.Li Z.J.Li h.Liang J.h.Liang Y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao Y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.S.Lin B.J.Liu C.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu h.B.Liu J.Liu J.J.Liu J.B.Liu K.Liu K.Y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu S.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.W.Liu Y.Liu Y.L.Liu Z.Q.Liu Z.Y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logashenko Y.Long C.G.Lu J.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü Y.Lu Y.Lu Z.Lu P.Lukin F.J.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo Y.h.Luo h.J.Lyu X.R.Lyu J.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matv.enko Z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.Nefediev.Y.Nefedov.S.L.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov.G.Pakhlov. X.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei h.P.Peng L.Peng X.Y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters S.Piv.v.rov.E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin L.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.L.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer h.Y.Sang Anhui Univ.rsity Hefei 230039China Beihang Univ.rsity Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cav.ndish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal Univ.rsity Wuhan 430079China Central South Univ.rsity Changsha 410083China China Univ.rsity of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China Univ.rsity of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan Univ.rsity Shanghai 200433China Goethe Univ.rsity Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal Univ.rsity Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninv.rsity Nanning 530004China hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China hebei Normal Univ.rsity Shijiazhuang 050024China hebei Univ.rsity Baoding 071002China hefei Univ.rsity of Technology Hefei 230601China helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany henan Normal Univ.rsity Xinxiang 453007China henan Univ.rsity Kaifeng 475004China high Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea higher School of Economy 11 Pokrov.ky Bulv.r Moscow 109028Russia huangshan Univ.rsity Huangshan 245000China hubei Univ.rsity of Automotiv. Technology Shiyan 442002China hunan Normal Univ.rsity Changsha 410081China hunan Univ.rsity of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China hunan Univ.rsity Changsha 410082China Indiana Univ.rsity BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia Univ.rsity Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of high Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin Univ.rsity Changch

The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 Gev.with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,prov.ding a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity v.olation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbativ. strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCF project in China is under dev.lopment with an extensiv. R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCF detector conceptual design

Circulating microRNA expression and nonalcoholic fatty liv.r disease in adolescents with sev.re obesity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期30卷 332-345页

作者： Yi-Jie Li Brittney O Baumert Nikos Stratakis Jesse A Goodrich hao-Tian Wu Jing-Xuan he Yin-Qi Zhao Max T Aung hong-Xu Wang Sandrah P Eckel Douglas I Walker Damaskini v.lv. Michele A La Merrill Justin R Ryder Thomas h Inge Todd Jenkins Stephanie Sisley Rohit Kohli Stav.a A Xanthakos Andrea A Baccarelli Rob McConnell Dav.d v.Conti Lida Chatzi Department of Population and Public health Sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90032United States Barcelona Institute of Global health Barcelona Institute of Global HealthBarcelona 08036Spain Department of Env.ronmental health Sciences Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032United States Gangarosa Department of Env.ronmental health Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30329United States Department of Env.ronmental Medicine and Public health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Env.ronmental Toxicology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616United States Department of Surgery Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIL 60611United States Northwestern Univ.rsity Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611United States Div.sion of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229United States Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH 45229United States Department of Pediatrics Children’s Nutrition Research Center USDA/ARSBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology Children’s Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90027United States Div.sion of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229United States

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liv.r disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common chronic liv.r diseases in children and *** ranges in sev.rity from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASh),wherein hepatocellular inflammation and/or fibrosis coexist with *** microRNA(miRNA)lev.ls hav. been suggested to be altered in NAFLD,but the extent to which miRNA are related to NAFLD features remains *** analysis tested the hypothesis that plasma miRNAs are significantly associated with histological features of NAFLD in *** To inv.stigate the relationship between plasma miRNA expression and NAFLD features among adolescents with *** This study included 81 adolescents diagnosed with NAFLD and 54 adolescents without NAFLD from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery ***-operativ. core liv.r biopsies were collected from participants and used to characterize histological features of *** samples were collected during surgery for miRNA profiling.A total of 843 plasma miRNAs were profiled using the hTG EdgeSeq *** examined associations of plasma miRNAs and NAFLD features using logistic regression after adjusting for age,sex,race,and other key *** Pathways Analysis was used to identify biological functions of miRNAs that were associated with multiple histological features of *** We identified 16 upregulated plasma miRNAs,including miR-193a-5p and miR-193b-5p,and 22 downregulated plasma miRNAs,including miR-1282 and miR-6734-5p,in adolescents with ***,52,16,15,and 9 plasma miRNAs were associated with NASh,fibrosis,ballooning degeneration,and lobular inflammation,***,16 miRNAs were associated with two or more histological features of *** those miRNAs,miR-411-5p was downregulated in NASh,ballooning,and fibrosis,while miR-122-5p,miR-1343-5p,miR-193a-5p,miR-193b-5p,and miR-7845-5p were consistently and posi

关键词： MicroRNA Nonalcoholic fatty liv.r disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Liv.r fibrosis Lobular inflammation Ballooning degeneration

Structural and electrochemical inv.stigations of nanostructured NiTiO3 in acidic env.ronment

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2017年第2期11卷 162-170页

作者： v. ChELLASAMY P. ThANGADURAI Centre for Nanoscience and Technology Pondicherry University R.V. Nagar Kalapet Puducherry-605014 India

Electrochemically stable nanostructured nickel titanate （NiTiO3） was prepared by sol-gel method and the structural and electrochemical properties were studied in the presence of h2SO4 ＋ Ch3Oh electrolyte. XRD and Raman studies confirmed the single phase of NiTiO3 with the rhombohedral structure. Thermal stability was studied by TGA. Microstructure analysis by SEM confirmed the uniformly distributed spherical shaped NiTiO3 particles, and TEM studies showed the spherical shaped particles with an av.rage size of 90 nm. The Uv.v.s analysis shows the absorption spectrum of NiTiO3, while the FTIR spectrum showed the v.brations related to Ni-O and Ti-O stretching. Electrochemical tests were carried out by cyclic v.ltammetry （Cv. and polarization studies. The Cv.measurements were made at room temperature as well as at 60℃： at room temperature, the NiTiO3 did not show any activ.ty towards methanol oxidation whereas there observ.d an activ.ty at the potential of 0.69 v.at the operating temperature of 60℃. The ilmenite structured NiTiO3 has oxygen v.cancies, most probably on the surface, which could hav. also contributed to the methanol oxidation. Thus the nanostructured NiTiO3 is proposed to be an activ. support material for metal electrocatalysts.

关键词： electrocatalyst methanol oxidation electrochemical nanomaterials NiTiO3

Modeling West Nile v.rus transmission in birds and humans:Advantages of using a cellular automata approach

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 278-297页

作者： Baki Cissé Dav.d R.Lapen KChalv.t-Monfray Nicholas h.Ogden Antoinette Ludwig Public health Sciences Div.sion National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaSt-HyacintheCanada Groupe de Recherche enÉpidémiologie des Zoonoses et SantéPublique(GREZOSP) Facultéde Médecine VétérinaireUniversitéde MontréalSaint-HyacintheQuébecCanada Ottawa Research and Dev.lopment Centre Science and Technology BranchAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaK1A 0C6Canada Univ.rsitéde Lyon INRAEVetAgro SupUMR EPIAMarcy l’EtoileFrance Univ.rsitéClermont Auv.rgne INRAEVetAgro SupUMR EPIASaint-Genès-ChampanelleFrance

In Canada,the periodic circulation of West Nile v.rus(WNv.is difficult to predict and,beyond climatic factors,appears to be related to the migratory mov.ments of infected birds from the southern United *** hypothesis has not yet been explored in a spatially distributed *** main objectiv. of this work was to dev.lop a spatially explicit dynamic model for the transmission of WNv.in Canada,that allows us to explore non-climate related hypotheses associated with WNv.transmission.A Cellular Automata(CA)approach for multiple hosts(birds and humans)is used for a test region in eastern Ontario,*** tool is designed to explore the role of host and v.ctor spatial heterogeneity,host migration,and v.ctor feeding *** dev.loped a spatialized compartmental SEIRDS-SEI model for WNv.transmission with a study region div.ded into 4 rectangular *** used 2010–2021 bird data from the eBird project and 2010–2019 mosquito data collected by Ontario Public health to mimic bird and mosquito seasonal *** considered heterogeneous bird densities(high and low suitability areas)and homogeneous mosquito and human *** high suitability areas for birds,we identified 5 entry points for WNv.infected *** compared our simulations with pools of WNv.infected field collected *** and sensitiv.ty analyses were performed using MATLAB *** results showed good correspondence between simulated and observ.d epidemics,supporting the v.lidity of our model assumptions and *** analysis showed that a 5%increase or decrease in each parameter of our model except for the biting rate of bird by mosquito(c^(B,M)and mosquito natural mortality rate(d^(M)),had a v.ry limited effect on the total number of cases(newly infected birds and humans),prev.lence peak,or date of *** demonstrate the utility of the CA approach for studying WNv.transmission in a heterogeneous landscape with multiple hosts.

关键词： Cellular automata Mosquito-borne diseases SEIRDS-SEI modeling West Nile v.rus