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The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and hone.d.w composition of Aphis fabae

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 781-788页

作者： Sharon Schillewaert Amelie vantaux Wim van den ende Tom Wenseleers Laboratory of Socioecology and Social evolution Biology Department Zoological Institute University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Institut Pasteur du Cambodge Unite d'Epidemiologie Moleculaire du Paludisme Phnom Penh Cambodia Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Leuven Belgium

Aphid species can be polyphagous, fe.d.ng on multiple host plants across genera. As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and hone.d.w composition. Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the hone.d.w carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid hone.d.w could be linked to the adap- tation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. To this e.d. 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphisfabae were reared on 4 com- mon host plants： broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant in- teractions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the.d.fferent host plants. On the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid hone.d.w composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. We.d.scuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids.

关键词： aphids Aphis fabae ecological specialization fitness hone.d.w hostplants Melezitose polyphagous

Laboratory study on the formation of Al2O3 inclusions at the on-set of deoxidation and during reoxidation

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2011年第1期5卷 69-76页

作者： Marie-Aline van ende Muxing GUO Bart BLANPAIN Patrick WOLLANTS department of Metallurgy and Materials engineering Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 44- bus 2450 BE-3001 Leuven Belgium Unite.d.lngeniede.d.s Materiaux et des Procedes Universite Catholique de Louvain Place Sainte Barbe 2 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium

The formation of Al2O3 inclusions in liquid iron has been investigated in a resistance heated tube furnace to obtain deoxidation and reoxidation related data. The formation of inclusions during the early stages of deoxidation was simulated by bringing a piece of AI in contact for a short time with liquid Fe containing different dissolved oxygen levels. Reoxidation was studied by exposing AI containing Fe melts to a CO/CO2 atmosphere, Through modeling, an estimate of the local and time.d.pendent growth conditions for the inclusions can be made and linked to the inclusion characteristics.

关键词： steel cleanliness Al2O3 inclusions deoxidation reoxidation morphology

Taxonomy of Ochroconis, genus including opportunistic pathogens on humans and animals

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Fungal diversity 2014年第2期65卷 89-126页

作者： K.Samerpitak e.van der Linde H.-J.Choi A.H.G.Gerrits van den ende M.Machouart C.Gue.d.n G.S.de Hoog CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre UtrechtThe Netherlands department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand Institute for Biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Mycology Unit Biosystematics ProgrammePlant Protection Research InstituteAgricultural Research CouncilPretoriaSouth Africa evangelisches und Johanniter Klinikum Niederrhein DuisburgGermany Service.d. Parasitologie-Mycologie CHU de BraboisVandœuvre-lès-NancyFrance department Life Sciences Division of Microbial&Genomic DiversityNatural History MuseumLondonUK Peking University Health Science Center Research Center for Medical MycologyBeijingChina Sun-Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Second Medical Military University ShanghaiChina

The genus Ochroconis(Sympoventuriaceae,Venturiales)is revised and currently contains 13 species for which the phylogenetic position has been determined using multilocus *** older generic name Scolecobasidium is considered to be of doubtful identity because the type specimen is *** the Ochroconis lineage,phylogenetic distances of all markers analyzed are exceptionally large,both between and within species.A new genus Verruconis is proposed for the neurotropic opportunist Ochroconis *** accepted within the lineages are keyed out on the basis of phenotypic *** ecological traits within each species are *** species are thermophilic and one of them is an important agent of infection in the brain,while Ochroconis is mesophilic,several species causing infections in cold-blooded animals.

关键词： Taxonomy ecology Thermophilic fungi Human infection Avian pathogen Fish pathogen Neurotropism

BARYON deCAY PARAMeTeRS

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第10期40卷 807-808页

作者： e.d. Commins University of California Berkeley

Baryon semileptonic decays The typical spin-1/2 baryon semileptonic decay is described by a matrix element, the hadronic part of which may be written as：

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Remaking a connection:molecular players involved in post-injury synapse formation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1719-1720页

作者： diogo Tomé Ramiro d.Alme.d. iBiMed-Institute of Biomedicine Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Functional recovery from central nervous system(CNS)trauma depe.d. not only on axon regeneration or compensatory sprouting of uninjured fibers but also on the ability of newly grown axons to establish functional synapses with appropriate *** several studies have successfully promoted long-distance axonal regeneration in distinct CNS injury models,none of them have resulted in a viable therapeutic approach for patient recovery.A possible reason may be the lack of new synaptogenesis for reestablishing the circuitry lost after ***,we.d.scuss how our understanding of the mechanisms that instruct synapse formation in the injured nervous system may contribute to the.d.sign of new strategies to promote functional restoration in traumatic CNS disorders.

关键词： viable injury instru

Impact of black cherry on pedunculate oak vitality in mixed forests:Balancing benefits and concerns

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Forest ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 690-699页

作者： ellen desie Bart Muys Jan den Ouden Bart Nyssen Rita Sousa-Silva Leon van den Berg Arnold van den Burg Gert-Jan van duinen Koenraad van Meerbeek Maaike Weijters Karen vancampenhout division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU Leuven Campus GeelKleinhoefstraat 4B-2240 GeelBelgium division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200EBox 2411B-3001 LeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Plant Institute B-3001 LeuvenBelgium Forest ecology and Management Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 47Wageningenthe Netherlands Bosgroep Zuid-Nederland Huisvenseweg 145591 VD Heezethe Netherlands Young Academy for Sustainability Research University of Freiburg79104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Aquatic ecology&environmental Biology Radboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ Nijmegenthe Netherlands Biosphere/Zoological Museum Netherlands Onderlangs 176731 BK Otterlothe Netherlands Stichting Bargerveen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands B-WARe Research Centre/Radboud University Nijmegen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands

The vitality of european forests continues to decline.d.e to new pests and diseases,climate-change related disturbances and high loads of atmospheric nitrogen *** soil health is a major factor underpinning the low vitality of West-european *** tree species with soil ameliorative traits is proposed as an avenue to counteract soil acidification and improve overall forest *** we evaluate the impact of black cherry(Prunus serotina ehrh.),a known rich litter species,on the vitality of neighboring pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)in ten mixed forests on sand in Germany,Belgium and the *** found that black cherry admixture increases foliar N and P to a surplus whereas it causes deficiencies in foliar Mg,thereby resulting in an overall negative effect on oak foliar nutrient ***,defoliation of oak leaves by herbivory decreases with the proximity of black *** structural equation modelling(SeM),we tested the hypothesized‘improved soil health’*** analyses showed that black cherry admixture le.d. to lower accumulation in the humus layer,resulting in higher soil base saturation which has a positive effect on foliar Ca yet a negative effect on total ***,the SeM illustrated that herbivory of oak leaves decreases when black cherry is admixed,both via dilution and improved soil *** effects of black cherry on oak vitality via“improved soil health”in our SeM are however small in comparison to direct ***,our study showed that the combined positive and negative impacts of black cherry on oak vitality are limited,which tempers the potential benefits of using the rich litter species to counteract oak decline via improved soil health–yet,the concern of black cherry as an invasive alien species negatively affecting the vitality of mature pedunculate oak trees may also be exaggerated.

关键词： Rich litter species Black cherry Nutrient cycling Insect herbivory dilution effect Humus type Pedunculate oak Plant-soil interaction

deciphering fluid inclusions in high-grade rocks

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第5期5卷 683-695页

作者： Alfons van den Kerkhof Andreas Kronz Klaus Simon Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universitat Gottingen Goldschmidtstr.1-3 D 37073 GottingenGermany

The study of fluid inclusions in high-grade rocks is especially challenging as the host minerals have been normally subjected to deformation, recrystallization and fluid-rock interaction so that primary in- clusions, formed at the peak of metamorphism are rare. The larger part of the fluid inclusions found in metamorphic minerals is typically modified during uplift. These late processes may strongly disguise the characteristics of the ＂original＂ peak metamorphic fluid. A detailed microstructural analysis of the host minerals, notably quartz, is therefore indispensable for a proper interpretation of fluid inclusions. Cathodoluminescence （CL） techniques combined with trace element analysis of quartz （ePMA, LA- [CPMS） have shown to be very helpful in deciphering the rock-fluid evolution. Whereas high-grade metamorphic quartz may have relatively high contents of trace elements like Ti and A1, low- temperature re-equilibrated quartz typically shows reduced trace element concentrations. The result- ing microstructures in CL can be basically distinguished in diffusion patterns （along microfractures and grain boundaries）, and secondary quartz formed by dissolution-reprecipitation. Most of these textures are formed during retrograde fluid-controlled processes between ca. 220 and 500 ℃, i.e. the range of semi-brittle.d.formation （greenschist-facies） and can be correlated with the fluid inclusions. In this way modified and re-trapped fluids can be identified, even when there are no optical features observed under the microscope.

关键词： Fluid inclusionsGranuliteCharnockiteCathodoluminescenceLA-ICPMSQuartz

Formation of groundwater-induced damage in Zhu Yuelian’s tomb and protection methods

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 2271-2285页

作者： LI Bin MeN YeKai ZHAO Gang WANG ende School of Resources&Civil engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Liaoning Nonferrous Geological exploration and Research Institute Co. Ltd.Shenyang 110013China Academy of dazu Rock Carvings Chongqing 402360China School of Resource&Materials Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004China

Zhu Yuelian’s tomb has been exposed to groundwater for many years,and this exposure has caused many defects,including erosion,encrustation,patina,and spot marks related to groundwater,seriously affecting the artistic and ornamental value of cultural *** this study,high-density microelectrode spacing resistivity and ultrasonic transverse wave reflection were used to detect hidden damage in the burial chamber,and the results revealed hidden damage,corrosion,cracks,and pores in the surrounding geological body,concealed cracks in the sidewalls,and internal defects in the *** outdoor high-density resistivity test and hydrological observation experiment indicated that the tomb is located in a weakly permeable aquifer,and the groundwater he.d.has been higher than the bottom of the tomb for many *** groundwater flows from northeast to southwest in the aquifer,and the tomb forms an artificial concave cone,causing groundwater around the area to continually flow into the tomb.A chemical composition analysis of the groundwater and scale revealed that the groundwater within the tomb area is slightly corrosive,and the groundwater seepage along the fissures of the compacted layer induces *** thre.d.mensional(3d)seepage numerical simulation results indicated that the combined use of drainage and impervious curtains can cause the water he.d.in the curtain to drop significantly and control the water he.d.to be lower than 8 m from the bottom floor of the tomb,meeting the requirements for seepage prevention and protection of the tomb without long-term maintenance.

关键词： Zhu Yuelian’s tomb groundwater damage mechanism three.d.mensional seepage simulation

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dpen,ng the effector Protein Toolbox for Plant- Parasitic Cyst Nematode Interactions

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Molecular Plant 2016年第11期9卷 1451-1453页

作者： Sebastian eves-van den Akker Paul R.J. Birch division of Plant Sciences College of Life Sciences University of Dundee Dundee DD1 5EH UK The.d.partment of Biological Chemistry John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Some biotrophic plant pathogens have the remarkable ability to alter plant developmental morphology and subceliular archi- tecture. At least three examples of this ability arose indepen- dently within the phylum Nematoda. For one such example, the cyst nematodes, plant cell manipulation is rapid and pro- found; within days the cell cycle of a single cell in the vascular cylinder is arrested at G2, the vacuole reduces in size and frag- ments.

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