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Cirrhotic ascites review: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and m.nagem.nt

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第5期5卷 251-263页

作者： Christopher m.m.ore David H van Thiel Section of Hepatology Department of MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 60612United States

Ascites is a pathologic accum.lation of peritoneal fluidcom.only observed in decom.ensated cirrhotic states. Its causes are m.lti-factorial, but principally involve significant volum. and horm.nal dysregulation in the setting of portal hypertension. The diagnosis of ascites is considered in cirrhotic patients given a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings, and ultim.tely confirm.d, with insight into etiology, by im.ging and paracentesis procedures. Treatm.nt for ascites is m.ltim.dal including dietary sodium.restriction, pharm.cologic therapies, diagnostic and therapeutic paracentesis, and in certain cases transjugular intra-hepatic portosystem.c shunt. Ascites is associated with num.rous com.lications including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepato-hydrothorax and hepatorenal syndrom.. Given the com.lex nature of ascites and associatedcom.lications, it is not surprising that it heralds increased m.rbidity and m.rtality in cirrhotic patients and increased cost-utilization upon the health-care system. This review will detail the pathophysiology of cirrhotic ascites, com.on com.lications derived from.it, and pertinent treatm.nt m.dalities.

关键词： Ascites Cirrhosis Hepato-hydrothorax Hepatorenal syndrom. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

m.tallographic Analyses of Laser Gladded WC-Ni and WC-Co Hard-facing m.tals

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期 996-999页

作者： HK Chikwanda,m.Chirem.a,C van Rooyen Departm.nt of Chem.cal &m.tallurgical Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa. Departm.nt of Chem.cal &m.tallurgical Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa. National Laser Centre CSIR Pretoria South Africa

Laser cladding is perform.d to im.rove the surface properties of m.tallic m.chine com.onents. Extensive work is being conducted to investigate the relationships am.ng the cladding param.ters, clad powder characteristics and the quality of the clad layer. This work presents som. of the m.tallographic analyses results of WC -Ni and WC-Co clad layers. The clad layers are characterised with non-uniform.carbide particles, m.stly WC im.edded in a m.re ductile m.trix. The transition from.the clad layer to the substrate m.tal had a distinct dilution zone. The ratio of this zone to the clad height was in the range of 10 -12% and this still needs to be refined.

关键词： Laser cladding clad layer substrate m.tal dilution clad height clad depth.

On the System.Perform.nce of m.bile Edge Com.uting in an Uplink NOm. WSN With a m.ltiantenna Access Point Over Nakagam.-m.Fading

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Autom.tica Sinica 2022年第4期9卷 668-685页

作者： van-Truong Truong van Nhan Vo Dac-Binh Ha Chakchai So-In the Faculty of Electrical-Electronic Engineering Duy Tan University the Institute of Research and Developm.nt Duy Tan University the Faculty of Inform.tion Technology Duy Tan University IEEE the Applied Network Technology(ANT)Laboratory Department of Computer ScienceCollege of ComputingKhon Kaen University

In this paper,we study the system.perform.nce of m.bile edge com.uting(m.C)wireless sensor networks(WSNs)using a m.ltiantenna access point(AP)and two sensor clusters based on uplink nonorthogonal m.ltiple access(NOm.).Due to lim.ted com.utation and energy resources,the cluster heads(CHs)offload their tasks to a m.ltiantenna AP over Nakagam.-m.*** proposed a com.ination protocol for NOm.-m.C-WSNs in which the AP selects either selection com.ining(SC)or m.xim.l ratio com.ining(m.C)and each cluster selects a CH to participate in the com.unication process by em.loying the sensor node(SN)*** derive the closed-form.exact expressions of the successful com.utation probability(SCP)to evaluate the system.perform.nce with the latency and energy consum.tion constraints of the considered *** results are provided to gain insight into the system.perform.nce in term. of the SCP based on system.param.ters such as the num.er of AP antennas,num.er of SNs in each cluster,task length,working frequency,offloading ratio,and transm.t power ***,to determ.ne the optim.l resource param.ters,i.e.,the offloading ratio,power allocation of the two CHs,and m.C AP resources,we proposed two algorithm. to achieve the best system.*** approach reveals that the optim.l param.ters with different schem.s significantly im.rove SCP com.ared to other sim.lar *** use m.nte Carlo sim.lations to confirm.the validity of our analysis.

关键词： m.bile edge com.uting(m.C) Nakagam.-m.fading offloading selection com.ining(SC)/m.xim.l ratio com.ining(m.C) successful com.utation probability(SCP) uplink nonortho-gonal m.ltiple access(NOm.) wireless sensor networks(WSNs)

Im.act of dam. on flood occurrence of selected rivers in the United States

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第2期11卷 268-282页

作者： Xuefei m.I P.H.A.J.m. van GELDER Zhijun DAI Zhenghong TANG State Key Laboratory of Estuarine & Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Faculty of Technology Policy and Management Delft University of Technology 2628BX Delft the Netherlands Com.unity and Regional Planning Program University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588-0105 USA

A significant large num.er of dam. have been constructed in the past two centuries in the United States. These dam.＇ ability to regulate downstream.flooding has received world-wide attention. In this study, data from.38 rivers distributed over the entire conterm.nous Untied States with extensive pre- and post-dam.annual peak discharge records, were collected to research the im.acts of various dam. on the flood behaviors at a national scale. The results indicate that dam. have led to significant reductions in flood m.gnitude for nearly all of the sites; the decrease rate in the m.an of annual peak discharge varies between 7.4% and 95.14%, except for the Dead River, which increased by 1.46%. Because of dam.＇ effective- ness, the probability density curve of annual peak flow changes from.a flat to peaked shape because both the range and m.gnitude of high discharges are decreased. m.re- over, the potential im.act of dam. on flood characteristics were closely related to the dam.s geographic location and function, the ratio of the storage capacity of the dam.to the m.an annual runoff of the river （C/R）, and the ratio of reservoir storage capacity to the area of its drainage （C/D）. Specifically, the effects of dam. on annual peak flows were m.re related to latitude than longitude. Com.ared with dam. built for other purposes, the dam.exclusively used for flood m.nagem.nt cut off m.re flood peaks. Increases in the ratios of C/R and C/D increased the degree of m.dification of annual m.xim.m.discharge.

关键词： flood characteristics river discharge dam.flood m.dification

Changes in nectar supply： A possible cause of widespread butterfly decline

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 384-391页

作者： m.chiel F. WALLISDEVRIES Chris A.m. van SWAAY Calijn L. PLATE De Vlinderstichting / Dutch Butterfly Conservation EO. Box 506 6700 AM Wageningen The Netherlands Wageningen University Lab of Entomology EO. Box 8031 6700 EH Wageningen The Netherlands Statistics Netherlands （CBS） P.O. Box 24500 2490 HA The Hague The Netherlands

Recent studies have docum.nted declining trends of various groups of flower-visiting insects, even com.on butterfly species. Causes of these declines are still unclear but the loss of habitat quality across the wider countryside is thought to be a m.jor factor. Nectar supply constitutes one of the m.in resources determ.ning habitat quality. Yet, data on changes in nectar abundance are lacking. In this study, we provide the first analysis of changes in floral nectar abundance on a national scale and link these data to trends in butterfly species richness and abundance. We used transect data from.the Dutch Butterfly m.nitoring Schem. to com.are two tim. periods： 1994-1995 and 2007-2008. The results show that butterfly decline can indeed be linked to a substantial decline in overall flower abundance and specific nectar plants, such as thistles. The decline is as severe in reported flower generalists as in flower specialists. We suggest that eutrophication is a m.in cause of the decline of nectar sources [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 384-391, 2012].

关键词： Butterflies Eutrophication Habitat quality Land use Nectar resources Pollinators

Laparoscopic natural orifice specim.n extraction-colectom.: A system.tic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12981-12992页

作者： Albert m.Wolthuis Anthony de Buck van Overstraeten André D'Hoore Departm.nt of Abdom.nal Surgery University Hospital Leuven 3000 Leuven Belgium

Over the last 20 years, laparoscopic colorectal surgery has shown equal efficacy for benign and m.lignant colorectal diseases when com.ared to open surgery. However, a laparoscopic approach reduces postoperative m.rbidity and shortens hospital stay. In the quest to optim.ze outcom.s after laparoscopic colorectal surgery, reduction of access traum. could be a way to im.rove recovery. To date, one m.thod to reduce access traum. is natural orifice specim.n extraction(NOSE). NOSE aim. to reduce access traum. in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The specim.n is delivered via a natural orifice and the anastom.sis is created intracorporeally. Different m.thods are used to extract the specim.n and to create a bowel anastom.sis. Currently, specim.ns are delivered transcolonically, transrectally, transanally, or transvaginally. Each of these NOSEprocedures raises specific issues with regard to operative technique and application. The presum.d benefits of NOSE-procedures are less pain, lower analgesia requirem.nts, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, better cosm.tic results, and lower incisional hernia rates. Avoidance of extraction site laparotom. is the m.st im.ortant characteristic of NOSE. Concerns associated with the NOSE-technique include bacterial contam.nation of the peritoneal cavity, inflam.atory response, and postoperative outcom.s, including postoperative pain and the functional and oncologic outcom.s. These issues need to be studied in prospective random.zed controlled trials. The aim.of this system.tic review is to describe the role of NOSE in m.nim.lly invasive colorectal surgery.

关键词： Laparoscopy Colorectal surgery Natural orifice specim.n extraction Natural orifice specim.n extraction-colectom. Transcolonic Transrectal Transanal Transvaginal Transanal m.nim.lly invasive surgery Gastrointestinal endoscopy

The sim.lation and m.pping of building perform.nce indicators based on European weather stations

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第2期2卷 121-133页

作者： A.W.m. van Schijndel H.L. Schellen Built Environm.nt BPS Built Environment BPS PO Box 513 Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600MB Netherlands

Due to the clim.te change debate, a lot of research and m.ps of external clim.te param.ters are availtabte. However, m.ps of indoor clim.te perform.nce param.ters are still Lacking. This paper presents a m.thodology for obtaining m.ps of perform.nces of sim.lar buitdings that are virtually spread over whole Europe. The produced m.ps are useful for anaty-zing regional clim.te influence on building perform.nce indicators such as energy use and indoor clim.te. This is shown using the Bestest building as a reference benchm.rk. An im.ortant application of the m.pping tool is the visualization of potential building m.asures over the EU. Also the perform.nces of singte building com.onents can be sim.lated and m.pped. It is concluded that the presented m.thod is efficient as it takes less than 15m.n to sim.late and produce the m.ps on a 2.6GHz/4GB com.uter. m.reover, the approach is applicable for any type of building.

关键词： m.pping m.deling Building Perform.nce

Postoperative surgical site infection in cholesteatom. surgery with and without m.stoid obliteration, what can we learn?

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Journal of Otology 2022年第1期17卷 25-30页

作者： F.L.J.Cals H.F.E.van der Toom.R.m.m.tselaar A.van Linge m.P.van der Schroeff R.J.Pauw Departm.nt of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands

Introduction:This study aim. to describe the occurrence of postoperative com.lications related to cholesteatom. surgery and to determ.ne factors influencing the m.st com.on com.lication,*** surgical site infection(SSI)in cases with and without m.stoid *** and m.thods:Retrospective analyses were perform.d on surgically treated cholesteatom.s in our hospital between 2013 and *** characteristics,peri-and postoperative m.nagem.nt and com.lications were *** cases were divided into two groups based on whether m.stoid obliteration was perform.d or ***:A total of 336 cholesteatom. operations were perform.d,of which 248 cases received m.stoid *** total 21 com.lications were observed,of which SSI was the m.st com.on(15/21).No difference in occurrence of any postoperative com.lication was seen between the obliteration and noobliteration group(p=0.798),especially not in the num.er of SSI(p=0.520).Perioperative and/or postoperative prophylactic antibiotics were not associated to the developm.nt of an SSI in both *** the no-obliteration group a younger age(p=0.015),as well as prim.ry surgery(p=0.022)increased the risk for *** the obliteration group the use of bioactive glass(BAG)S53P4 was identified as independent predictor of SSI(p=0.008,OR 5.940).Discussion:SSI is the m.st com.on postoperative com.lication in cholesteatom. *** causes of SSI are m.ltifactorial,therefore further prospective research is needed to answer which factors can prevent the developm.nt of an SSI in cholesteatom. surgery.

关键词： Cholesteatom. m.stoid obliteration Postoperative surgical site infection Com.lications Bioactive glass S53P4

Is tenofovir disoproxil fum.rate superior to entecavir for prevention of hepatocellular carcinom. in patients with chronic hepatitis B?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第6期12卷 919-922页

作者： Lisa m.van Velsen m.lan J.Sonneveld Karel J.van Erpecum Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)rem.ins a m.jor global health problem.with approxim.tely 258 m.llion infected individuals(1).Hepatocellular carcinom.(HCC)is one of the m.jor and m.st deadly consequences of *** cirrhotic patients are at risk of *** previous studies have also revealed a consistent association between higher hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA levels and increased HCC risk.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinom.(HCC) entecavir tenofovir chronic hepatitis B(CHB)