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Variation of Physiochemical Components of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifoliaSwingle) Fruits at Different Sides of the Tree in Nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第12期3卷 1688-1692页

作者： Ram Lal Shrestha durga Datta Dhakal durga Mani Gautum Krishna Prasad Paudyal Sangita Shrestha Agricultural Research Station (ARS) Dhankuta Nepal Horticulture Research Division (HRD) Khumaltar Lalitpur Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) Chitwan Nepal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Lalitpur Nepal

Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is one of the important commercial fruits cultivated from terai to high hill of Nepal. It is an important source of vitamin “C” (ascorbic acid) for human nutrition. Amount of juice, TSS (Total soluble solids), TA (Titrable acid) and vitamin C are the determining factors of quality of acid lime fruits which may vary according to bearing sides of the trees. The main objective of this study is, to determine the variation of fruit quality at different sides of the tree. Total of 15 bearing trees were selected randomly (5 trees per site) from three different agro ecological domain representing terai (1200 m asl) and samples were collected from the selected trees. Randomly ten fruits (from east, west, centre, north and south sides) were collected from each tree and analyzed for amount of vitamin C, TSS, TA and juice. Highest ascorbic acid 79.6 mg and 69.9 mg was observed in south side fruits whereas lowest 62.8 mg and 55.1 mg was observed in centre fruits in the high and mid hills zone respectively, but in terai, highest ascorbic acid 58.7 mg was observed in north side and lowest 41.8 mg was observed in centre. Highest amount of juice 43.9% was observed in south side fruits and lowest 36.6% in centre fruits, but amount of TSS 8.2% and TA 7.2% was observed in south side fruits and lowest 7.3% TSS and 7.0% TA was observed in centre fruits in high hills. In terai highest TSS 8.3% and TA 7.4% was observed in north side fruits and lowest TSS 7.3% and TA 6.7% was observed in centre fruits. Variation of TSS, TA percent and ascorbic acids was observed according to the agro ecological zone.

关键词： Ascorbic Acid Agro-Ecological Zone TSS TA Juice

Cloud-Enabled E-Governance Framework for Citizen Centric Services

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2020年第7期8卷 63-78页

作者： Jara Muda Sisay Tumsa Amin Tuni durga Prasad Sharma Bule Hora University Bule Hora Ethiopia Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia AMUIT MOEFDRE under UNDP & Research Adviser MAISM-RTU Kota India

In the modern arena, the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been playing a vital role in every walks of our day to day life. In order to enhance the ICT capacity and align with the global technology transformations, the developing countries have started introducing the computerization and automation processes at different levels of the governments. The several research studies revealed that the existing legacy of governance system and their services in current state have several issues and challenges in terms of timeliness, cost of services, delay in service delivery, time-bound availability of services (24/7/365), inefficiency services, ease of service and discomforts, poor service collaboration, absence of responsiveness, and limited security of sensitive information/documents. A significant question is still unanswered that how to bring the Citizens and Government bodies closer for alleviating the aforementioned issues and challenges of existing government system services. This research paper aims to investigate the issues and challenges in the current status of Governance and partial E-Governance systems which encompass the computerization or automation process. The research designs a cloud framework for effective delivery of citizen centric services in general and Ethiopia as a specific case study. After rigorous analysis of prior research efforts, along with primary survey and interview, it was clearly observed that cloud computing can be an alternative instrumental for significant transformation of governmental service delivery. The research paper used a mix of exploratory and constructive research design and methodology with qualitative & quantitative data analysis approach. Finally, a Cloud Based E-Governance (CBEG) Framework is designed for the delivery of Ethiopian Citizen Centric Services. The validation, evaluation and acceptance test of the framework proves that the revealed knowledge can provide a significant transformation towards

关键词： E-Governance Framework Cloud Computing Citizen Centric Hybrid Cloud

Perception, Determinants and Barriers for the Adoption of Climate Change Adaptation Options among Nepalese Rice Farmers

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 272-298页

作者： Niranjan Devkota Ram Kumar Phuyal durga Lal Shrestha Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Center for Economic Development and Administration Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

This paper estimates the perceptions, determinants and barriers regarding the adoption of climate change adaptation options among Nepalese rice farmers. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to source respondents for the study, and structured questionnaire techniques were used to collect data from 773 households across seven districts (3 from Terai and 4 from the hilly region of Nepal). A binomial logistic regression model was used to detangle the determinants for the adoption of climate change adaptation options among farmers. The results revealed that approximately 80.7% of the farmers perceived change in temperature, and 90% believed that there was a decrease in rainfall in the 30-year period. In total, 77% of farming households responded that rice production and yield has decreased due to such changes, which has forced them to adopt available adaptation options. This study found that 12 adaptation options have been mainly used by rice farmers, and among them, there has been an increasing use of chemical fertilizer, climate-smart rice verities, and changes in nursery date, which are the first three adoption options. Overall, 71% of farmers adopt such adaptation options to protect themselves from perceived risk. However, farmers are facing several barriers, such as capital inadequacy, high cost of agricultural inputs, poor adaptation information provided to farmers, inadequate access to credit facilities and inadequate awareness about adaptation regarding the adoption of such options. Binomial regression results revealed that several factors influence a farmer’s choice in adaptation measures. Our findings suggest the need for greater investment to remove these barriers and institutional shortcomings and help to improve a rice farmer’s wellbeing.

关键词： Climate Change Barrier to Adopt Rural Rice Farmers Logit Model Nepal

Validated Gradient Stability Indicating UPLC Method for the Determination of Related Substances of Posaconazole in Bulk Drug

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第12期6卷 965-976页

作者： Vadlamanu durga Prasad Vanga Ranga Reddy Pasula Aparna Department of Analytical Development AET Laboratories Hyderabad India Department of Analytical Development IPDO Hyderabad India Department of Chemistry JNTU Hyderabad India

A stability-indicating UPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of related substances of Posaconazole with its four related substances (Hydroxytriazole, Tosylated compound, Deshydroxy posaconazole and Benzylated posaconazole) in the drug substance. Forthwith simple UPLC chromatographic separations were achieved on a Waters Acquity BEH shield C18 (100 mm length, 2.1 mm internal diameter and 1.7 μm particle size) with a mobile phase containing 0.1% Orthophosphoric acid (i.e. 1 mL in 1000 mL water) in gradient combination with acetonitrile (ACN) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and the eluent were monitored at 210 nm. As a result, the resolution of Posaconazole from any of impurities was found to be greater than 2.0. The test solution and spiked solutions were found to be stable in the diluent for 48 h. For the purpose method to be stability indicating, forced degradation studies were conducted and the method resolved the drug from its known impurities, stated above, and from additional impurities generated when POS subjected to forced degradation;the mass balance was found close to 100%. Regression analyses indicate correlation coefficient value greater than 0.999 for Posaconazole and its known impurities. The LOD for Posaconazole and the known impurities was at a level below 0.05%. The method has shown good, consistent recoveries for known impurities (89% - 106%). To summarise, the method was found to be accurate, precise, linear, specific, sensitive, rugged, robust, and stability-indicating.

关键词： Posaconazole Hydroxytriazole Tosylated Deshydroxy Posaconazole Benzylated Posaconazole Stability-Indicating ICH Guidelines UPLC

Automatic Surveillance and Control System Framework-DPS-KA-AT for Alleviating Disruptions of Social Media in Higher Learning Institutions

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2020年第1期8卷 1-15页

作者： Kasaye Asres Amin Tuni Gure durga Prasad Sharma Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia AMUIT MOEFDRE under UNDP & Research Adviser MAISM-RTU Kota India

The worldwide change and transformations are taking place in socio-techno cultures. In the epicenter of all these Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the Internet is the backbone and paving salient communications and computations Medias like the emergence of social networking sites (SNSs). These SNSs are facilitating globalized entertainment, socialization, communications, and information sharing over hand-held electronic gazettes/mobiles like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Skype, and WhatsApp etc. The positive side of these SNSs is making the world a social village but apart from these positive aspects, there is another trait of multifold adversities/disruptions or negative effects which still have not been exposed and drawn attention. The remedial action for such adversities is needed to be designed and developed. The all age groups and genders are typically involved and resulting in wastage of time, money and peace of minds. The adverse effects of social media users in a Higher Learning Institutions are getting worse day-by-day. The prime aim of this research study is to design an automatic Surveillance System Framework for alleviation of the social media disruptions in these institutions. This framework aims to design and develop a surveillance system and access control guidelines for judiciously alleviating the misuse of social media. The study used MS form, Protopie, adobe XD and InVision for data collection, framework design and prototype development respectively. This research is an attempt to apply an explanatory and applied research design science approach using survey, interviews and technical observations-based primary data analytics. The study concluded with a cloud-based automatic surveillance, auto alerts and control system framework (DPS-KA-AT) and functionally validated by a system framework prototype. In the survey and interview, the 66% respondents’ response was “YES”, while 34% “NO” when enquired for the need assessment of the autom

关键词： Surveillance Social Media Addiction Adversities Framework Cloud Disruptions

抑制ras法尼基转移酶:一种新的、安全的肿瘤化疗方法(英文)

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2000年第5期21卷 14-22页

作者： Srinivas NAMMI,durga Srinivas LODAGALA Pharmacology Division Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Andhra University Visakhapatnam 530003 Andhra Pradesh India Pharmacology Division Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Andhra University Visakhapatnam 530003 Andhra Pradesh India

The 21-kDa Ras proteins are well known for their regulatory role in oncogenic, mitogenic, and developmental signaling pathways. GTP activated Ras interacts directly with the Raf protein to recruit the MAP kinases and their subordinates. Attachment of Ras protein to the plasma membrane that requires farnesylation by farnesyl pyrophosphate at its C-terminus, is essential for its biological activity. Ras oncogenes are associated with a wide variety of solid tumors and leukemias for which existing chemotherapeutics have limited utility. A . promising pharmacological approach of antagonizing oncogenic Ras activity is to develop inhibitors of farnesyl transferase. These inhibitors may be useful in blocking the action of Ras onco-proteins.

关键词：原癌基因蛋白p21(ras) 二甲烯丙基转移酶蛋白质异戊二烯化 Ca2+-钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶抗肿瘤药信号传递

Effect of Zr on Structural and Dielectrical Properties of (Ba0.9Mg1.0)(ZrxTi1-x)O3Ceramics

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2015年第10期5卷 419-425页

作者： Sankararao Gattu Venuturupalli durga Prasadu Kocharlakota Venkata Ramesh Department of Physics MVJ College of Engineering Bangalore India Department of Physics GITAM Institute of Technology GITAM University Visakhapatnam India

Barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BTO) is the most common ferro electric material, which is used to manufacture electronic components such as multilayer capacitors, positive temperature coefficient thermistors, piezo electric transdures, and ferro electric memory. Zr doped barium magnesium titanate (Ba0.9Mg1.0)(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (with x = 0.10, 0.20, 0.40 (BMZT 10, BMZT 20 and BMZT 40) perovskite is prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The starting raw materials were BaCO3, TiO2, MgO and ZrO2. The XRD study at room temperature suggests that these have cubic and tetragonal symmetry phases. The behavior of the measured dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss with temperature and frequency reveals that the materials undergo a diffuse para-ferroelectric phase transition and are of the relaxor type. The crystal structure, surface morphology and dielectric properties of Zr and Mg doped barium titanate ceramics were investigated. Zr4+ and Mg2+ ions have entered the unit cell maintaining the perovskite structure of solid solution without the evidence of any additional phase when Mg content is 0.1 mole% and the Zr content is 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mole%.

关键词： Lead Free Ceramics BaTiO3 Dielectric Materials Impedance XRD SEM

Penoscrotal defect:a functional,esthetic,and psychological challenge

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2016年第1期3卷 64-67页

作者： durga Karki Pankaj Kumar Patel Ravi Prakash Narayan Department of Burns Plastic and Maxillofacial SurgerySafdarjung HospitalNew Delhi 110029India

Aim:Penoscrotal defects may be caused by a variety of *** of the penoscrotal region is required not only for aesthetic appearance but also for functional and psychological *** techniques have been described for penoscrotal reconstruction reflecting the challenge and complexity of the region *** suggests that no single method is satisfactory for all types and degrees of tissue *** prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India,over a period of 5 ***:Eighteen patients with penoscrotal defects of varying etiology were included in the study and underwent different surgical *** of the patients ranged from 20 to 60 *** etiology of penoscrotal defect was Fournier’s gangrene in 12 cases,trauma in 4 cases,and burn in 2 *** patients with Fournier’s gangrene were initially treated by debridement,drainage,and *** penoscrotal defects were treated with local flap advancement with skin grafting(n=7),pedicled anterolateral thigh flap(n=4),gracilis muscle flap with split skin grafting(n=4),and medial thigh flap(n=3).Results:There was complete healing in 16 patients with minor complications in the form of partial skin graft loss(n=1)and wound dehiscence(n=1).Results were highly satisfactory in 6 patients,satisfactory in 8 patients,and not satisfactory in 4 *** at the donor site was limited and ***:The vast arsenal of options for penoscrotal defect coverage ranges from skin grafting to flaps,and every case needs a customized approach with regard to its feasibility,outcome,and complication *** should be the preferred choice over the skin grafts because of the superior functional and aesthetic results and better compliance.

关键词： Anterolateral thigh flap gracilis muscle flap penoscrotal defect

大高良姜根茎提取物对小鼠的镇痛作用(英文)

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中西医结合学报 2011年第1期9卷 100-104页

作者： Sahana Devadasa Acharya Sheetal Dinkar Ullal Shivaraj Padiyar Yalla durga Rao Kousthubha Upadhyaya durga Pillai Vishnu Raj Department of Pharmacology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal University Department of Dravyaguna National Institute of Ayurveda

目的:评价大高良姜(Alpinia galanga)根茎的乙醇提取物对小鼠的镇痛作用并推断其可能的机制。方法:使用3个实验模型分别测定大高良姜根茎提取物对白化病小鼠(体质量25～30g)的镇痛作用。热板实验中,30只小鼠被分为5组,每组6只,分别给予... 详细信息

目的:评价大高良姜(Alpinia galanga)根茎的乙醇提取物对小鼠的镇痛作用并推断其可能的机制。方法:使用3个实验模型分别测定大高良姜根茎提取物对白化病小鼠(体质量25～30g)的镇痛作用。热板实验中,30只小鼠被分为5组,每组6只,分别给予口服3种剂量的大高良姜根茎乙醇提取物、皮下注射吗啡以及口服2%的阿拉伯树胶,记录给药30、60、90和120min后的热板实验反应时间。纳洛酮预处理热板实验中,另外30只小鼠在给予上述药物30min之前皮下注射纳洛酮,给药种类及方式同前,热板实验反应时间记录方式同前。扭体实验中,通过腹腔注射醋酸诱导小鼠产生扭体反应,随后30只小鼠被分为5组,每组6只,分别给予口服3种剂量的大高良姜根茎乙醇提取物、阿司匹林及2%的阿拉伯树胶,每只小鼠观察15min,记录扭体次数。结果:各个时间记录点的数据表明,与对照组相比,3种剂量的大高良姜根茎乙醇提取物均显著延长了热板实验中小鼠的反应时间(P<0.05,P<0.01)。经纳洛酮预处理后,实验组及阳性对照药吗啡组小鼠的热板实验反应时间较对应的前一实验中未经纳洛酮处理各组小鼠显著延长(P<0.05,P<0.01)。扭体实验中,与对照组相比,3种剂量的大高良姜根茎乙醇提取物均减少了实验小鼠的扭体次数(P<0.01)。结论:本实验证实了大高良姜根茎提取物的镇痛作用,验证了其在民族医学中治疗各种原因引起的疼痛的应用。其镇痛作用的机制可能是有效成分作用于中枢或外周神经系统。

关键词：大高良姜植物提取物镇痛药疼痛测定受体阿片样小鼠