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Timing of surgery in Crohn’s disease: A key issue in the management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第36期14卷 5532-5539页

作者： Rafael Alós Joaquín Hinojosa servicio de Cirugía General Unidad de Coloproctología Hospital de Sagunto Valencia Spain Unidad de Digestivo Servicio de Medicina Interna Hospital de Sagunto Valencia Spain

The timing of the decision for operation in Crohn’s disease is based on an evaluation of the several factors such as the failure of medical treatment, complications due to the Crohn’s disease or to the farmacological therapy, development of dysplasia or cancer and growth retardation. A complete evaluation of these factors should result in operation timed to the patient’s best advantage, achieving maximal relief of symptoms with improvement of quality of life. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease and the different options for treatment, is difficult to systematize when the optimal moment for the surgery is arrived. A very important factor in the management of Crohn’s disease is the multidisciplinary approach and the patient preference should be a significant factor in determining the choice of therapy. The surgery should be considered such another option in the sequential treatment of Crohn’s disease. We have analyzed the factors that are involved in the decision taking of the surgical treatment regarding to the experience and the published literature. When did the medical therapy fail? when is the appropriate moment to operate on the patient? Or which complications of Crohn’s disease need a surgery? These are some of the questions we will try to answer.

关键词： Crohn's disease surgical treatment Medical therapy

Current status of thiopurine analogues in the treatment in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第39期17卷 4372-4381页

作者： Peter Laszlo Lakatos Lajos s Kiss 1st Department of Medicine Semmelweis University

In the last decades,with the development of biological therapy,the treatment paradigms in patients with Crohn＇s disease have continuously *** studies focusing on the optimal use of both traditional immunosuppressants and biological therapy have been published,investigating conventional,accelerated stepup and top-down *** addition,much emphasis has been placed in recent years on the de-termination of important predictive factors that could enable early patient stratification,which would lead to a tailored management *** this review,the authors try to highlight new evidence on the optimal timing,benefits,and risks of immunosupressants alone,or in combination,in patients with Crohn＇s disease.

关键词： Crohn's disease Immunosuppressives Azathioprine Thiopurine methyltrans ferase Biologicals

A new age in understanding adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2615-2618页

作者： Maya A.Hanspal sébastien Gillotin MRL London Discovery MSDLondon Bioscience Innovation CentreLondonUK

several lines of evidence have established that proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons within the sub-granular zone of the dentate gyrus,a process named adult hippocampal neurogenesis,contribute to maintaining healthy cognitive functions throughout *** rate of adult hippocampal neurogenesis decreases with aging and a premature impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been observed both in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and human post-mortem *** causal relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology has,however,not been *** is partly due to the limitation of recapitulating the development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in rodent models and the lack of translatable biomarkers to identify tractable targets in *** it is tempting to postulate that adult hippocampal neurogenesis could be leveraged to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease,consensual results have yet to be reached to fully explore this *** this review,we discuss how the recent progress in identifying molecular pathways in adult hippocampal neurogenesis provides a good framework to initiate strategies for drug-based intervention in neurodegenerative diseases,especially in Alzheimer’s *** outline how discrepancies in pre-clinical disease models and experimental methodology have resulted in contradictory findings and propose a shift towards using more translatable approaches to model neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s *** particular,we review how exploring novel experimental paradigms including the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells and more complex cell culture systems,as well as standardizing protocols used to investigate evidence of neurogenesis in human tissues,could deliver deeper mechanistic insights that would kick-start innovative drug discovery efforts to promote healthy aging and cellular rejuvenation.

关键词： adult hippocampal neurogenesis Alzheimer’s disease cognition human tissue induced pluripotent stem cell mouse models neurodegeneration therapeutics tractable target

Abscisic acid, a promising therapeutic molecule to prevent Alzheimer’s and neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1035-1036页

作者： Ana María sánchez-Pérez Department of Medicine Universitat Jaume I

Neuroinflammatory processes induce neuronal damage and underlie the onset of neurodegenerative pathologies,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Calsolaro and Edison,2016).several conditions,ranging from emotional stress to metabolic syndrome,including traumatic brain injury,chronic infections or gut microbiota disruption can cause or aggravate ***,aging is the major factor associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： degenerative Alzheimer diseases

stability Indicating RP-UPLC Method for Assay of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Bulk and Dosage Forms

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第10期6卷 807-821页

作者： Bommakanti valli Purnima Tummala Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy Yadlapalli srinivas Rao Golkonda Ramu Dittakavi Ramachandran Department of Chemistry Acharya Nagarjuna University Guntur India sir C. R. Reddy College for Women Eluru India Regulatory Affair B & S Group Vadodara India sir C. R. Reddy College of Engineering Eluru India

A simple, sensitive and rapid stability indicating reverse phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of Emtricitabine (EMT) and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in pure and tablet dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using Waters (Alliance) UPLC system equipped with auto-sampler and photo diode array detector. A volume of 5 μL of standard or test was injected into the column and the components were separated by using the mixture of 0.68% potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer of pH = 6 and methanol in the ratio 45:55 v/v as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min through BEH C18 (100 mm × 2.1, 1.8 μm) at ambient temperature and were detected at a wavelength of 261 nm. system suitable parameters such as plate count and tailing factor for EMT and TDF were found to be 2427 & 3685, 1.16 & 1.23 respectively, and resolution between EMT and TDF peaks was found to be 3.12. The chromatographic parameters like retention time, peak area and peak height of EMT and TDF were found to be 0.684 & 0.930, 694,200 & 8,778,000 and 272,881 & 3685 respectively. Percent of assay of EMT and TDF in bulk and dosage forms was determined and found to be 101.48 and 103.22 respectively. study of degradation was examined and found that the drugs were stable under degradation conditions. The present method was developed keeping the principles of green chemistry by using eco-friendly solvent methanol in mobile phase. The developed method was found to be simple, rapid and applied for the analysis of Truvada;therefore the proposed method is recommended for the analysis of EMT and TDF in pure and tablet dosage forms in any quality control laboratories.

关键词： Truvada Emtricitabine Tenofovir DF Validation Assay

sYNTHEsIs OF ORGANO sOLUBLE AROMATIC POLY(AMIDE-IMIDE)s BAsED ON 2-(5-(3,5-DINITROPHENYL)-1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE-2-YL)PYRIDINE IN AN IONIC LIQUID

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2011年第6期29卷 699-711页

作者： Y.Mansoori s.shah sanaei s.V.Atghia M.R.Zamanloo Gh.Imanzadeh Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabil 56199-11367Iran

In this work, the syntheses of new thermally stable poly（amide-imide）s with pendant 2-pyridyl-l,3,4-oxadiazole units in n-butyl methyl imidazolium bromide as reaction media have been reported. A new dicarboxylic acid has been derived from the reaction of diamine, 2-（5-（3,5-diaminophenyl）-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl）pyridine （POBD）, and trimellitic acid anhydride. Polymers were prepared from the reaction of the diimide-diacid （DIDA） and different aromatic diamines in butyl methyl imidazolium bromide, [bmim] [Br], in the presence of triphenyl phosphite （TPP） as condensing agent without needing any extra components. The prepared poly（amide-imide）s were characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, and through the synthesis of a model compound. The prepared polymers were soluble in polar and aprotic solvents, such as DMF, DMsO, NMP and DMAc. The inherent viscosity of the polymer solutions was in the range of 0.52-1.33 dL/g measured in concentrated H2sO4 at a concentration of 0.125 g/dL at （25 ± 0.5）℃. The results are compared with the results obtained from common direct polycondensation with NMP as solvent. Polymers obtained in ionic liquid showed higher inherent viscosity than that of polymers obtained via classical method in NMP. Thermal properties of the polymers were studied with DsC and TGA methods.

关键词： Poly(amide-imide) Ionic liquid Polycondensation 1,3,4-Oxadiazole

synergistic effect of seawater's parameters on the corrosion rate of the austenitic stainless steel 304

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2010年第3期23卷 161-170页

作者： s.Atashin M.Pakshir A.Yazdani Department of Materials science and Engineering Shiraz University

In this article the corrosion rate of the austenitic stainless steel type 304, under the synergistic effect of environmental factors has been assessed via potentiodynamic polarization ***, velocity, pH and temperature are the factors which induce effects on the corrosion rate of the considered *** analysis is applied using the full two-level factorial experimental design method, which results in the contribution value of each parameter in changing the quantity of average corrosion rate in both individual and synergistic *** this quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis has been used to predict the variation *** two analyses show the important role of the synergistic action, which changes the variation direction of corrosion rate and the contribution percentage of each parameter in varying the value of corrosion *** both these analyses can show the magnitude and quality of each parameter＇s effect, which is remarkably valuable in marine applications.

关键词： stainless steel 304 Environmental parameters seawater corrosion synergistic effect

Optical theorem,crossing property,and derivative dispersion relations:implications on the asymptotic behavior of σ_(tot)(s) and ρ(s)

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第8期46卷 72-90页

作者： s.D.Campos V.A.Okorokov Applied Mathematics Laboratory-CCTs/DFQM Federal University of São CarlosSorocaba CEP 18052-780Brazil Moscow Engineering Physics Institute National Research Nuclear University MEPhI115409 MoscowRussia

In this paper,we present some results on the behavior of the total cross section and p-parameter at asymptotic energies in proton-proton(pp) and antiproton-proton(pp) ***,we consider three of the main theoretical results in high energy physics:the crossing property,derivative dispersion relation,and optical *** use of such machinery facilitates the derivation of analytic formulas for a wide set of the measured global scattering parameters and some important relations between *** suggested parameterizations approximate the energy dependence for the total cross section and ρ-parameter for pp and pp with a statistically acceptable quality in the multi-TeV ***,the qualitative description is obtained for important interrelations,namely difference,sum,and ratio of the antiparticle-particle and particle-particle total cross *** the reduced number of experimental data for the total cross section and p-parameter at the TeV-scale,which complicates any prediction for the beginning of the asymptotic domain,the fitting procedures indicates that asymptotia occur in the energy range 25.5-130 ***,in the asymptotic regime,we obtain α_(P)=1.A detailed quantitative study of the energy behavior of the measured scattering parameters and their combinations in the ultra-high energy domain indicates that the scenario with the generalized formulation of the Pomeranchuk theorem is more favorable with respect to the original formulation of this theorem.

关键词： optical theorem derivative dispersion relations asymptotic behavior Pomeranchuk theorem

Edible Bird's Nest:Food or Medicine?

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第9期19卷 643-649页

作者： Rebecca s.Y.Wong Faculty of Medicine SEGi University

Edible bird＇s nest （EBN） is derived from the saliva of certain types of swiflets. It is consumed in many parts of the world for its nutritional and medicinal values. Although many claims have been made on the therapeutic and health- promoting effects of EBN, scientific documentations regarding these effects are very limited in published literature. It is not until recently that the biological effects of EBN are being investigated and evidence-based studies are being conducted. several studies have found that EBN may enhance cell proliferation and differentiation and various beneficial effects have been reported in vitro as well as in vivo. While these studies point towards the potential use of EBN in the treatment or even prevention of several diseases, the mechanisms of action of EBN remain largely unknown and more explorations are needed. This review is one of the very few scientific reviews onEBN which focuses on recent evidence-based discoveries.

关键词： edible bird's nest nutritional values composition potential health-promoting effects