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Ages of celiac disease: From changing environment to improved diagnostics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第32期17卷 3665-3671页

作者： Alberto tommasini Tarcisio Not Alessandro Ventura Laboratory of Immunopathology Institute for Maternal and Child Health Scientific Institute for Research and Care Burlo Garofolo and University of Trieste Department of Pediatrics Institute for Maternal and Child Health Scientific Institute for Research and Care Burlo Garofolo and University of Trieste

From the time of Gee's landmark writings, the recent history of celiac disease (CD) can be divided into many ages, each driven by a diagnostic advance and a deeper knowledge of disease pathogenesis. At the same time, these advances were paralleled by the identification of new clinical patterns associated with CD and by a continuous redefinition of the prevalence of the disease in population. In the beginning, CD was considered a chronic indigestion, even if the causative food was not known; later, the disease was proven to depend on an intolerance to wheat gliadin, leading to typical mucosal changes in the gut and to a malabsorption syndrome. This knowledge led to curing the disease with a gluten-free diet. After the identification of antibodies to gluten (AGA) in the serum of patients and the identification of gluten-specific lymphocytes in the mucosa, CD was described as an immune disorder, resembling a chronic "gluten infection". The use of serological testing for AGA allowed identification of the higher prevalence of this disorder, revealing atypical patterns of presentation. More recently, the characterization of autoantibodies to endomysium and to transglutaminase shifted the attention to a complex autoimmune pathogenesis and to the increased risk of developing autoimmune disorders in untreated CD. New diagnostic assays, based on molecular technologies, will introduce new changes, with the promise of better defining the spectrum of gluten reactivity and the real burden of gluten related-disorders in the population. Herein, we describe the different periods of CD experience, and further developments for the next celiac age will be proposed.

关键词： Antibodies Autoimmunity Celiac disease Diagnostics History Intestinal mucosa

Is autophagy an elective strategy to protect neurons from dysregulated cholesterol metabolism?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第4期14卷 582-587页

作者： Elisa Piscianz Liza Vecchi Brumatti Alberto tommasini Annalisa Marcuzzi Department of Medicine Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"

The balance of autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis is crucial to determine the outcome of the cellular response to cholesterol dysregulation. Cholesterol plays a major role in regulating the properties of cell membranes, especially as regards their fluidity, and the regulation of its biosynthesis influences the shape and functions of these membranes. Whilst dietary cholesterol can easily be distributed to most organs, the central nervous system, whose membranes are particularly rich in cholesterol, mainly relies on de novo synthesis. For this reason, defects in the biosynthesis of cholesterol can variably affect the development of central nervous system. Moreover, defective synthesis of cholesterol and its intermediates may reflect both on structural cell anomalies and on the response to inflammatory stimuli. Examples of such disorders include mevalonate kinase deficiency, and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, due to deficiency in biosynthetic enzymes, and type C Niemann-Pick syndrome, due to altered cholesterol trafficking across cell compartments. Autophagy, as a crucial pathway dedicated to the degradation of cytosolic proteins and organelles, plays an essential role in the maintenance of homeostasis and in the turnover of the cytoplasmic material especially in the presence of imbalances such as those resulting from alteration of cholesterol metabolism. Manipulating the process of autophagy can offer possible strategies for improving neuronal cell viability and function in these genetic disorders.

关键词： cholesterol inflammation apoptosis autophagy neurons inherited disease necroptosis neuronal dysfunction

Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease from multifactorial to monogenic forms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第43期21卷 12296-12310页

作者： Anna Monica Bianco Martina Girardelli Alberto tommasini Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a group of chronic multifactorial disorders. According to a recent study,the number of IBD association loci is increased to 201,of which 37 and 27 loci contribute specifically to the development of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis respectively. Some IBD associated genes are involved in innate immunity,in the autophagy and in the inflammatory response such as NOD2,ATG16L1 and IL23 R,while other are implicated in immune mediated disease(STAT3) and in susceptibility to mycobacterium infection(IL12B). In case of early onset of IBD(VEO-IBD) within the 6th year of age,the disease may be caused by mutations in genes responsible for severe monogenic disorders such as the primary immunodeficiency diseases. In this review we discuss how these monogenic disorders through different immune mechanisms can similarly be responsible of VEO-IBD phenotype. Moreover we would highlight how the identification of pathogenic genes by Next Generation Sequencing technologies can allow to obtain a rapid diagnosis and to apply specific therapies.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Primary immunodeficienc

Remotely Activated Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第1期13卷 174-207页

作者： Luisa Racca valentina Cauda Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di TorinoC.so Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129 TurinItaly

Cancer has nowadays become one of the leading causes of death *** anticancer approaches are associated with different ***,innovative methodologies are being investigated,and several researchers propose the use of remotely activated nanoparticles to trigger cancer cell *** idea is to conjugate two different components,i.e.,an external physical input and *** are given in a harmless dose that once combined together act synergistically to therapeutically treat the cell or tissue of interest,thus also limiting the negative outcomes for the surrounding *** both the properties of the nanomaterial and the involved triggering stimulus,it is possible furthermore to achieve not only a therapeutic effect,but also a powerful platform for imaging at the same time,obtaining a nano-theranostic *** the present review,we highlight the role of nanoparticles as therapeutic or theranostic tools,thus excluding the cases where a molecular drug is *** thus present many examples where the highly cytotoxic power only derives from the active interaction between different physical inputs and *** perform a special focus on mechanical waves responding nanoparticles,in which remotely activated nanoparticles directly become therapeutic agents without the need of the administration of chemotherapeutics or sonosensitizing drugs.

关键词： Anticancer therapy Remotely activated nanomedicine Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles Physical stimulation Radiofrequency Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound Hyperthermia

Biodegradability of bioplastics in different aquatic environments:A systematic review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 169-181页

作者： Maria Cristina Lavagnolo valentina Poli Anna Maria Zampini valentina Grossule Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering-Laboratory of Environmental EngineeringUniversity of PadovaLungargine Rovetta 8Padova 35100Italy

Bioplastics were first introduced as environmentally friendly materials,with properties similar to those of conventional plastics.A bioplastic is defined as biodegradable if it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide under aerobic degradation,or methane and CO_(2)under anaerobic conditions,inorganic compounds,and new cellular biomass,by the action of naturally occurring *** definition however does not provide any information on the environmental conditions,timescale and extent at which decomposition processes should *** regard to the aquatic environment,recognized standards have been established to assess the ability of plastics to undergo biodegradation;however,these standards fail to provide clear targets to be met to allow labelling of a bioplastic as ***,these standards grant the user an extensive leeway in the choice of process *** these reasons,the comparison of results deriving from different studies is *** authors analysed and discussed the degree of biodegradability of a series of biodegradable bioplastics in aquatic environments(both fresh and salt water)using the results obtained in the laboratory and from on-site testing in the context of different research *** Oxygen Demand(BOD),CO_(2)evolution,surface erosion and weight loss were the main parameters used by researchers to describe the percentage of *** results showed a large variability both in weight loss and BOD,even when evaluating the same type of *** confirms the need for a reference range of values to be established with regard to parameters applied in defining the biodegradability of bioplastics.

关键词： Biodegradation Bioplastic Plastic Natural environment Plastic waste

Simulating bicycle traffic by the intelligent-driver model-Reproducing the traffic-wave characteristics observed in a bicycle-following experiment

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第1期7卷 19-29页

作者： valentina Kurtc Martin Treiber Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic UniversitySt.Petersburg 195251Russia Institute for Transport and Economics Technische Universitat DresdenDresden 01062Germany

Bicycle traffic operations become increasingly important and yet are largely ignored in the traffic flow community,until *** hypothesize that there is no qualitative difference between vehicular and bicycle traffic flow dynamics in single-file case,so the latter can be described by reparameterized car-following *** test this proposition,we reproduce German(Andresen et al.,2014)and Chinese(Jiang et al.,2016)bicycle experiments on a ring with the intelligent-driver model(IDM)and compare its fit quality(calibration)and predictive power(validation)with that of the necessary-deceleration-model(NDM),which is specifically designed for bike *** find similar quality metrics for both models,so the above hypothesis of a qualitative equivalence cannot be ***,calibration errors of the IDM turn up to be slightly smaller compared to the NDM *** NDM represents significant calibration errors for high flow densities,which correspond to flow states,when stop-and-go wave *** to validation tests,the IDM outperforms the NDM as *** two types of validation techniques we discover that inter-driver variation is much higher than the intra-driver variation for bicycle *** coincides with the results obtained from vehicular traffic experiments(NGSIM trajectory data).In addition,we suggest the measure for quantitative comparison of two microscopic fundamental diagrams,which are derived from experimental data and simulated *** analysis of speed-density relations provides more or less the same results for both models.

关键词： Bicycle traffic Car-following model Stop-and-go waves Calibration Validation Fundamental diagram

Meningeal T-cells in the cross-talk between memory consolidation and sleep

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2687-2688页

作者： Rodrigo Pacheco valentina Ugalde Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia&VidaFundación Ciencia&VidaSantiagoChile Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia Universidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile

Some years ago,the infiltration of T-cells into the central nervous system(CNS) was considered a pathological condition ***,during the last two decades,a growing body of studies has shown that T-cells are essential pl... 详细信息

关键词： behavior. sleep consolidation

Domestic reptiles as source of zoonotic bacteria:a mini review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第8期10卷 789-794页

作者： valentina Virginia Ebani Department of Veterinary Science University of PisaI 56124 PisaItaly

Captive reptiles, always more often present in domestic environment as pets, may harbor and excrete a large variety of zoonotic pathogens. Among them, Salmonella is the most wellknown agent, whereas there are very scant data about infections by mycobacteria, chlamydiae and leptospirae in cold-blooded animals. However, the investigations that found antibody reactions and/or the bacteria in samples collected from free-ranging and captive reptiles show that herpetofauna may be involved in the epidemiology of these infections. The present review reports the updated knowledge about salmonellosis, mycobacteriosis, chlamydiosis and leptospirosis in reptiles and underlines the risk of infection to which people, mainly children, are exposed.

关键词： Reptiles Zoonosis Salmonellosis Mycobacteriosis Chlamydiosis Leptospirosis

Metabotropic glutamate receptors and nitric oxide in dopaminergic neurotoxicity

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第10期11卷 830-840页

作者： valentina Bashkatova Laboratory of Physiology Reinforcements Anokhin Institute of Normal PhysiologyMoscow 125315Russia

Dopaminergic neurotoxicity is characterized by damage and death of dopaminergic ***'s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia ***,the study of the mechanisms,as well as the search for new targets for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases,is an important focus of modern *** is primarily caused by dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons;however,other neurotransmitter systems are also *** reports have indicated that the glutamatergic system is involved in different pathological conditions,including dopaminergic *** the last two decades,the important functional interplay between dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems has stimulated interest in the possible role of metabotropic glutamate receptors(mGluRs)in the development of extrapyramidal ***,the specific mechanisms driving these processes are presently *** participation of the universal neuronal messenger nitric oxide(NO)in the mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotoxicity has attracted increased *** current paper aims to review the involvement of mGluRs and the contribution of NO to dopaminergic *** precisely,we focused on studies conducted on the rotenone-induced PD *** review is also an outline of our own results obtained using the method of electron paramagnetic resonance,which allows quantitation of NO radicals in brain structures.

关键词： Dopaminergic neurotoxicity Metabotropic glutamate receptors Nitric oxide Rotenone Parkinson's disease